Autism is characterized as a behavioral disorder. The autistic patient has some difficulties with common life routines, such as oral hygiene and also improper diet. As a consequence the refusal of physical contact, the implementation of brushing and flossing by caregivers is difficult. The present study aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of autistic patients in treatment at the Rehabilitation Center and Neurological Organization in North of Brazil, adopting the CPO-D and ceo-d. The clinical examination has been performed with the patient sitting in chairs, at the Rehabilitation Centre itself, under artificial fluorescent light intended for room lighting. From 26 patients included in the study, 76.9 % of subjects were male with a mean age of 13 years. Fifty percent had caries, and 11.5% had lesions on the gums. The mean ceo-d of children 28 years was 0.67. In patients 1015 years and 2040 years, the mean CPO-D was 0.70, and 3.00, respectively. From the study, the most significant data, seen was that half of autistic patients had carious lesions. It is vital to improve oral health conditions in these patients and by using preventive dentistry, analyze their susceptibility to oral diseases.

El autismo se caracteriza como un trastorno conductual. El paciente autista tiene algunas dificultades en las rutinas ordinarias de la vida, tales como la higiene oral. Como consecuencia, la negativa al contacto físico, la implementación del cepillado y uso de hilo dental es difícil para los cuidadores. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo llevar a cabo un estudio epidemiológico de los pacientes autistas en el Centro de Rehabilitación y la organización neurológica en el norte de Brasil, adoptando el CPOD y ceod. El examen clínico se realizó con el paciente sentado en una silla en el propio Centro de Rehabilitación, bajo una luz fluorescente artificial para la iluminación de la habitación. Veintiseis pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, el 76,9 % de los sujetos eran varones con una edad media de 13 años con un 50 % de caries, y en un 11,5 % se observaron lesiones gingivales. La media ceod de los niños de 2 a 8 años fue de 0,67. En los pacientes de 1015 años y 2040 años, el promedio CPOD fue de 0,70 y 3,00, respectivamente. A partir del estudio se pudo determinar que la mitad de los pacientes autistas tienen caries. Es importante la educación de estos pacientes para mejorar la salud oral y la aplicación de la odontología preventiva.

The oral cavity has several physiological functions through their structures. Such structures act in the chewing process, the perception of flavors, besides serving airway. The relationship between systemic diseases and oral manifestations is well reported in the literature. It is observed in numerous studies, morbidity descriptions primarily mouth followed by a diagnosis of systemic disorders. Rheumatic diseases exemplify that these can manifest with changes in oral health in addition to the peculiar clinical presentations to each morbidity. For this work we investigated in the literature studies that provided evidence of the presence of oral manifestations in rheumatic diseases by searching Lilacs, PubMed and Bireme databases, included in the year 20092015. The available evidence in the literature, reveal the importance of including clinical evaluation of the mouth and its associated structures as an important element for the diagnosis and guidance for the proper handling of complaints of these patients.

La cavidad oral a través de sus estructuras, dientes y mucosas, desempeñan diversas funciones orgánicas. Actúan en el proceso masticatorio, en la percepción de los sabores, además de servir de vía respiratoria. La relación entre alteraciones sistémicas y manifestaciones orales está bien relatada en la literatura. Observándose en numerosos estudios, palabras claves de morbilidades primariamente bucales, seguidas del diagnóstico de trastornos sistémicos. Las enfermedades reumáticas pueden manifestarse con alteraciones de la condición bucal, además de las presentaciones clínicas peculiares a cada morbilidad. Para la realización de este trabajo fueron investigados en la literatura estudios que evidencien la presencia de manifestaciones orales en enfermedades reumáticas a través de la búsqueda en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y Bireme, incluidos en el año 2009-2015. Las evidencias existentes en la literatura nos revelan la importancia de la inclusión de la evaluación clínica de la boca y sus estructuras anexas, como elemento importante en el diagnóstico auxiliar y orientación para el manejo adecuado de las quejas de estos pacientes.

This literature review article addresses the types and the main components of different etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems available in the market, and relates them to their function, possible chemical interactions and infuence of handling characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are presented to characterize the interface between adhesives and dentin. Adhesive systems have been recently classifed according to their adhesion approaches in etch-and-rinse, self-etch and glass ionomer. The etch-and-rinse systems require a specifc acid-etch procedure and may be performed in two or three steps. Self-etch systems employ acidic monomers that demineralize and impregnate dental substrates almost at the same time. These systems are separated in one or two steps. Some advantages and defciencies were noted for etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches, mainly for the simplifed ones due to some chemical associations and interactions. The SEM micrographs illustrate different relationships between adhesive systems and dental structures, particularly dentin. The knowledge of composition, characteristics and mechanisms of adhesion of each adhesive system is of fundamental importance to permit the adoption of ideal bonding strategies under clinical conditions.