Abstract A chromatographic method consisting of multi wavelength detection for identification of six phenolic acids, one stilbene and five flavonoids in grape and apple pomaces was proposed. Scavenging of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), reactive oxygen species and reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ using in vitro and HPLC-UV-ABTS on-line methods are herein presented. A reversed phase C18 coupled with an absorption detector operating at 280, 300, 320 and 360 nm for the benzoic acid derivatives and flavanols; stilbenes; cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols, were respecctively used. The solvents water, methanol and acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid were evaluated as mobile phase. The optimized chromatographic method presented recoveries ranged from 68 to 130% and from 66 to 130% for grape and apple pomaces respectively. The determination coefficients (R2) of the 12 compounds were > 0.98. The extracts showed high total phenolic content and exhibits strong capacities to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The results obtained by HPLC-ABTS on-line method suggest that pomaces of grape and apple are rich in bioactive compounds and that catechin and epicatechin contribute in a significantly way to the antioxidant activity in both agroindustrial pomaces.

RESUMO Introdução: A população brasileira possui grande mistura racial, tendo sido originada, principalmente, de caucasoides de origem europeia, africanos e índios. As especificidades do sistema de antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLA) variam entre os diferentes grupos populacionais e étnicos, uma vez que demonstram maior similaridade entre populações com origem comum. Objetivo: Determinar a estrutura genética dos alelos HLA de classes I e II em doadores falecidos de órgãos sólidos no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2015. Métodos: O presente estudo foi realizado em 208 indivíduos falecidos doadores de órgãos sólidos, diagnosticados com morte encefálica, no período de 2011 a 2015, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A tipificação HLA foi realizada pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase-iniciador específico único (PCR-SSP) utilizando kits para teste de tipagem de ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) por SSP genérico de classes I e II, loci A, B e DR. Resultados: O perfil dos doadores falecidos encontrados no Espírito Santo, Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2015, foi de homens pardos, com faixa etária acima de 40 anos. Os alelos HLA mais frequentes foram A2 (24,28%), B44 (10,34%) e DR15 (14,18%); e os menos frequentes, A43 (0,24%), B46, B47, B70, B75 e B78 (0,24%) e DR9 (1,68%), DR12 e DR18 (2,16%). Conclusão: O presente estudo contribuiu com significativas informações acerca da frequência dos antígenos HLA em indivíduos falecidos doadores de órgãos que poderão otimizar o processo de transplantes no país.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian population has a great racial mix, originating mainly from Europeans, Africans and Indians. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) specificities vary among different population and ethnic groups, since they demonstrate greater similarity in populations of common origin. Objective: To determine the genetic structure of HLA classes I and II alleles in deceased donors of solid organs in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. Methods: The present study covered 208 brain-dead donors of solid organs, from 2011 to 2015, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSP) using kits for generic classes I and II SSP DNA typing test, A, B and DR loci. Results: The profile of deceased donors found in Espírito Santo, Brazil, in the period from 2011 to 2015, was brown men, aged over 40 years. The most frequent HLA alleles were A2 (24.28%), B44 (10.34%) and DR15 (14.18%); and the least frequent, A43 (0.24%), B46, B47, B70, B75 and B78 (0.24%) and DR9 (1.68%), DR12 and DR18 (2.16%). Conclusion: The present study contributed with significant information about the frequency of HLA antigens in deceased donors of solid organs in the Brazilian population that will contribute to optimize the transplantation process in the country.