Resumo As doenças relacionadas ao tabaco sobrecarregam todo o sistema público de saúde, nos três níveis de governança: municipal, estadual e federal. A inserção do tema do controle de tabaco nas Secretarias de Saúde estaduais e municipais é histórica, estando presente desde os debates iniciais sobre os danos sanitários, sociais, econômicos e ambientais que o tabagismo gera à população brasileira como um ciclo de doenças, pobreza e mortes precoces. Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar a importância da articulação da Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco com os Conselhos de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, dado o papel que essas instâncias desempenham no Sistema Único de Saúde e as contribuições que poderão somar à Política de Controle de Tabaco no Brasil, com seus constantes desafios para avançar na redução de mortes e adoecimentos causados pelos produtos de tabaco.

Abstract Tobacco-related diseases burden the entire public health system, at the three levels of governance: municipal, state and federal. The insertion of the theme of tobacco control in state and municipal Health Secretariats is historic, being present since the initial debates on the health, social, economic and environmental damage that smoking causes to the Brazilian population as a cycle of diseases, poverty and deaths precocious. This article aims to present the importance of articulating the National Tobacco Control Policy with the Councils of Municipal Health Secretariats, given the role that these instances play in the Unified Health System and the contributions that they can add to the Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil, with its constant challenges to advance in the reduction of deaths and illnesses caused by tobacco products.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated.

Resumo As doenças relacionadas ao tabaco sobrecarregam todo o sistema público de saúde, nos três níveis de governança: municipal, estadual e federal. A inserção do tema do controle de tabaco nas Secretarias de Saúde estaduais e municipais é histórica, estando presente desde os debates iniciais sobre os danos sanitários, sociais, econômicos e ambientais que o tabagismo gera à população brasileira como um ciclo de doenças, pobreza e mortes precoces. Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar a importância da articulação da Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco com os Conselhos de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, dado o papel que essas instâncias desempenham no Sistema Único de Saúde e as contribuições que poderão somar à Política de Controle de Tabaco no Brasil, com seus constantes desafios para avançar na redução de mortes e adoecimentos causados pelos produtos de tabaco. saúde governança municipal federal histórica sanitários sociais precoces Brasil

Abstract Tobacco-related diseases burden the entire public health system, at the three levels of governance: municipal, state and federal. The insertion of the theme of tobacco control in state and municipal Health Secretariats is historic, being present since the initial debates on the health, social, economic and environmental damage that smoking causes to the Brazilian population as a cycle of diseases, poverty and deaths precocious. This article aims to present the importance of articulating the National Tobacco Control Policy with the Councils of Municipal Health Secretariats, given the role that these instances play in the Unified Health System and the contributions that they can add to the Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil, with its constant challenges to advance in the reduction of deaths and illnesses caused by tobacco products. Tobaccorelated related system governance federal historic social precocious Brazil products

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the reproductive effects of adding monosodium glutamate (MSG) to the diet of goats. Eleven adult goats received synchronized estrus and follicular waves using three prostaglandin analog injections every seven days. Goats allocated to individual pens received 1 g/kg BW of MSG in their diet for 23 days (MOGLU group, n = 6), whereas the control group (n = 5) maintained the base diet. The supplemented animals showed an increase in dry matter intake (P < 0.0001) and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05), respiratory rate, and ruminal movement (P < 0.001). Surface and rectal temperatures were higher in the MOGLU group, (P < 0.0001) with a significant increase in the afternoon. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the frequency of behaviors related to rumination, defecation, and urination in the MOGLU group, and a reduction in behaviors associated with stress (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the plasma levels of proteins, albumin, urea, cholesterol, or triglycerides. Glucose levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the MOGLU group, which also showed increased glutathione peroxide levels during the induction of ovulation. Supplemented animals recorded a larger number (P < 0.05) of follicles throughout the experimental period and higher intraovarian blood perfusion (P < 0.05) during ovulation induction. We conclude that MSG exerts a positive effect on the reproductive response in goats and therefore represents an effective nutritional supplement.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of a short glutamate supply on the ovarian response in goats with low body condition scores. Twenty-one goats had their estrus and follicular waves synchronized using three injections of prostaglandin analog at seven-day intervals. Goats were allocated to groups receiving 10 mg/kg LW (iv) of glutamate administered in a single dose (group LBCG1, n = 7) or in two doses five days apart (group LBCG2, n = 7). The control group (LBC; n = 7) received saline solution. Glutamate treatment did not affect glucose, cholesterol, or glutathione peroxidase levels, body weight, or adipose deposits. During the experimental period, the LBCG2 group showed a higher (P < 0.05) number of follicles (> 3 mm) and an increase in follicle diameter (P < 0.05). Glutamate supply improved (P < 0.05) the intraovarian Doppler blood area size in the LBCG groups, and the second dose in LBCG2 also induced a higher (P < 0.05) systolic and diastolic peak of the ovary artery. After ovulation induction, LBCG2 exhibited a high (P < 0.05) volume of the corpus luteum and vascularized area. We concluded that the supply of two doses of glutamate five days apart was efficient in ovarian stimulation in goats with a low body condition.

Abstract This study examined the effect of glycerin supply strategies in different short-term protocols on follicular dynamics and ovulatory rate in Morada Nova sheep. Eighteen Morada Nova ewes with body condition > 2.9 had their estrus and follicular waves synchronized using three injections of prostaglandin analogue at seven-day intervals. All animals received the same diet during 21 days, which consisted of a total mixed ration (TMR) based on chopped elephant grass and concentrate twice daily. In thecontrol group (n=9), ewes were fed the TMR diet. In the other four groups, ewes received 150 mL of glycerol daily, supplied as an oral drench or mixed in the TMR during three or seven days prior to the application of thethird PGF2 alfa analogue. These groups were named as follows: Drench3d (n=10), Drench7d (n=8), TMR3d (n=9) and TMR7d (n=9). Follicle dynamics were monitored by ultrasonography, and plasma glucose and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured at the third prostaglandin administration. Six days after the final PGF2 alfa analogue dose, ovulatory rate was measured by laparoscopy. Glucose was higher (P< 0.001) in the glycerin-treated groups than in control group (83.7 ± 1.7 vs. 68.4 ± 4.5 mg. dL-1; P < 0.001). Ewes in the TMR3d, Drench7d and TMR7d groups had a greater (P < 0.001) number of large follicles (≥ 3 < 5 mm), and the presence of follicles larger than 5 mm was observed. In the same groups, at the third PGF2 alfa analogue dose, a greater (P < 0.001) number of growing follicles (> 3 mm) and a larger size of the largest follicle (P < 0.001) were also recorded. Ovulation rate was 30% higher in the groups that received glycerin for seven days (1.6 ± 0.1 53 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1; P < 0.05), and they also exhibited a 38% reduction in glutathione peroxidase. Thus,the use of glycerin in Morada Nova sheep as a source of energy in short-term supplementation for increase ovulation rate is an efficient strategy when provided for seven days, either orally or in the feed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the concepts of eight nursing students regarding humanized, palliative home care for cancer patients and their families. The study was conducted at a Basic Health Unit in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006. The methodological strategy rested on the phenomenological approach, which uncovers the essence of the lived experience by way of the language of the person experiencing the event. Four categories emerged from the discourses analyzed: the experience of the difficulties involved in being-with the cancer patient; the understanding of the being-in-the-world with cancer; the importance of the nurse in the palliative group; and learning experiences. The study showed that the students participating in the project reacted differently to the vicissitudes of patients' and families' lives. They also discovered the importance of humanized care for these patients, of love and compassion in listening, touching, giving attention and being-with.

La propuesta de este estudio fue desvelar las concepciones de ocho discentes del curso de enfermería acerca del cuidado domiciliar humanizado a los enfermos con cáncer y sus familias atendidos por una Unidad Básica de Salud situada en el noroeste de Paraná Brasil, en el período de 2004 a 2006. La estrategia metodológica que se empleó está fundamentada en el abordaje fenomenológico, método que busca desvelar el fenómeno, o sea, aquello que se muestra a si mismo a partir del lenguaje de quien lo vive. De los discursos analizados, emergieron cuatro categorías: viviendo la dificultad en estar-con el enfermo con cáncer; comprendiendo la situación del ser-en el-mundo con cáncer; la importancia del enfermero en el equipo paliativo; viviendo experiencias de aprendizaje. El estudio reveló que, al participar del proyecto, los discentes reaccionaron de formas distintas delante de las vicisitudes de los enfermos y familias, pero revelaron la importancia del cuidado humanizado, del escuchar, del toque, de la atención y del estar-con, plenos de amor y compasión.

A proposta deste estudo foi desvelar as concepções de discentes do curso de enfermagem acerca do cuidado paliativo domiciliar e humanizado a doentes com câncer e suas famílias. A pesquisa foi realizada com oito estudantes, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, situada no Noroeste do Paraná, no período de 2004 a 2006. Está fundamentada na abordagem fenomenológica, que desvela a essência do vivido, a partir da linguagem de quem o vivencia. Dos depoimentos analisados, emergiram quatro categorias: vivenciando a dificuldade em estar-com o doente com câncer; compreendendo a situação do ser-no-mundo com câncer; a importância do enfermeiro na equipe paliativista; vivenciando experiências de aprendizagem. Conclui-se que os discentes reagiram de forma diferente perante as vicissitudes dos doentes e famílias, mas revelaram a importância do cuidado humanizado, do escutar, do toque, da atenção e do estar-com, plenos de amor e compaixão.

Parents' and relatives' ideas on being notified that one of their members has cancer are provided. A qualitative approach based on existential phenomenology has been used since it is a method for understanding people in their daily experience. Residential interviews with ten relatives were undertaken between January 2006 and January 2007, all of which in a northwestern town in the state of Paraná. Relatives' discourse may be subdivided into three categories: relatives' feelings upon acknowledgement of diagnosis; the partaking of feelings with the beloved one during treatment; the importance of spirituality to make sense of the situation. Results showed that feelings experienced by relatives when the diagnosis was confirmed demonstrated concern, sadness, uncertainty, and even hope. The desire to be close to the ill relative was also very strong.

El objetivo de este estudio fue desvelar las concepciones de los familiares al ser notificados de que un ente querido está con cáncer. Utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo fundamentado en la fenomenología existencial, pues ella busca comprender el ser humano en su facticidad. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con 10 familiares de clientes en sus domicilios, en el período de enero de 2006 a enero de 2007; en una ciudad situada en el noroeste del Estado de Paraná - Brasil. Del lenguaje de los familiares, emergieron tres categorías: sentimientos avivados en los familiares ante la descubierta del diagnóstico; compartiendo con el ente querido el tratamiento y la importancia de la espiritualidad para el entendimiento de la situación. Por medio del estudio, aprehendemos que los sentimientos vivenciados por los familiares, en la confirmación del diagnóstico de neoplasia, expresan angustia, tristeza, incertidumbre e incluso esperanza y el deseo de estar con el ente querido.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desvelar as concepções dos familiares ao serem notificados de que um ente querido está com câncer. Utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa fundamentada na fenomenologia existencial, pois busca compreender o ser humano em sua facticidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 10 familiares de clientes em seus domicílios, no período de janeiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2007, em uma cidade situada no noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Da linguagem dos familiares, emergiram três categorias: sentimentos avivados nos familiares ante a descoberta do diagnóstico; compartilhar com o ente querido o tratamento; e a importância da espiritualidade para o entendimento da situação. Através do estudo, apreendemos que os sentimentos vivenciados pelos familiares, na confirmação do diagnóstico de neoplasia, expressam angústia, tristeza, incerteza e até mesmo esperança e o desejo de estar com o ente querido.

O consumo diário e a digestibilidade aparente de macro e microminerais, foram determinados em cadelas que receberam uma dieta controle (R0), acrescida de 10 (R10) ou 20% (R20) de uma mistura contendo polpa de citros (PC) e folhas de alfafa desidratadas. A digestibilidade aparente dos minerais foi estimada por meio da quantidade do elemento mineral ingerido, subtraída daquela eliminada nas fezes. A medida que a ingestão de fibra dietética aumentou, o consumo de MS (em g/kgPV) diminuiu e as digestibilidades aparentes do Ca, P, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe e Cu foram maiores. A exceção foi para o Mn, cuja digestibilidade reduziu-se com o aumento da ingestão de fibra. Apenas para o K, não se verificou alteração na sua digestibilidade em função do nível de fibra na dieta.

The daily intake and the apparent digestibility of macro and microminerals were determined in bitches fed either a control diet (R0) or the same diet but containing 10% (R10) or 20% (R20) of a mixture composed of citrus pulp and dehydrated alfalfa leaf. The apparent digestibility was estimated as being the amount of a mineral element ingested minus the amount of the element quantified in the feces. Once the dietary fiber intake increased, the intake of dry matter (in g/kgLW) reduced and the Ca, P, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe and Cu apparent digestibility increased. Exception was the Mn digestibility reduction as the fiber intake increased. Only the K digestibility was not influenced by the diet fiber level.