ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess seed health and the effect of plant extracts on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum mycelial growth and sporulation, plant pathogen reduction in seeds and fusariosis control in okra seedlings. Health was assessed by the Blotter Test, after immersing the seeds in natural extracts and plating. To verify the mycelial growth of the plant pathogen, the extracts were incorporated in PDA culture medium and the pathogen was added and assessed, including the spore count. In the greenhouse, the seeds were immersed in the extracts, sown and at 15 days they were sprayed with extracts, at 21 days inoculated with the pathogen and disease severity on the seedlings was assessed 7 days later. There were higher incidences of Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer in the seeds of the cultivars Valença and Santa Cruz 47. The extracts that resulted in lower pathogen incidence was basil, in cv. Valença and cinnamon and neem, in cv. Santa Cruz 47. The neem treatment presented the best inhibition percentage and the lowest sporulation mean in mycelial growth of the pathogen. Neem presented higher disease incidence control in the seedlings of cv. Valença and basil on the seedlings of cv. Santa Cruz 47.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade sanitária de sementes de arroz, quantificar a transmissão de Curvularia lunata associada à semente e à plântula, e avaliar o efeito dos isolados de Bacillus spp., no controle da mancha foliar, do cultivar Bonança. Para avaliação da sanidade de sementes, as amostras foram desinfestadas e plaqueadas, sendo avaliadas após sete dias de incubação. Na confirmação da patogenicidade, as plântulas foram inoculadas por meio de pulverização e a avaliação da doença ocorreu sete dias após. Na caracterização do isolado de C. lunata, foi realizada medição da largura, comprimento e número de septos de 100 conídios. Para a taxa de transmissão de C. lunata, foram preparadas 12 bandejas, com 100 sementes cada, de modo a proceder-se às avaliações aos 7, 14, 21 dias após a semeadura (d.a.s.). De cada uma das 100 plântulas, foram separadas as raízes, após sete dias. A inoculação dos isolados de Bacillus foi realizada na forma de suspensão, pulverizada sobre a parte aérea das plântulas. Após uma semana, foi inoculado a C. lunata. A avaliação foi efetuada aos 15 dias após inoculação dos isolados patogênicos, medindo-se o tamanho da lesão. No teste de sanidade foi detectada maior incidência de C. lunata (70%), o qual se apresentou patogênico à variedade de arroz Bonança, sendo detectado em todos os órgãos da plântula. Dentre os isolados de Bacillus, os que mais se destacaram no controle foram B41 (B. Cereus) e B35 (Bacillus sp.), confirmando seu potencial biocontrolador.

This study evaluates the sanitary quality of rice seeds cultivar Bonança, quantifies the transmission of Curvularia lunata associated with seeds - seedling and evaluates the efficiency of Bacillus spp. isolates for the control of leaf spot. The samples were disinfected and plated, and seed health was evaluated after seven days. After confirmation of pathogenicity, the seedlings inoculated by the spraying method and the occurrence of disease was assessed after seven days. For characterization of the C. lunata isolate, width and length measurements and number of septa of 100 conidia were taken. We assessed transmission rate of C. lunata in 12 trays, each with 100 seeds, and conducted evaluations at 7, 14, 21 days after infection. From each of the 100 seedlings we separated the primary root, the stem and glumes and plated them on PDA for evaluation after seven days. The inoculation of Bacillus isolates was carried out throughaerial spraying of the suspension on the plants. After one week, C. lunata was inoculated and after 15 days lesion dimensions were measured. We detected the highest incidence of C. lunata (70%), which was pathogenic to the rice variety Bonança and was detected in all organs of the seedling. Among the isolates of Bacillus, those that stood out in controlling C. lunata were B41 (B. Cereus) and B35 (Bacillus sp.), confirming their potential for biocontrol.