ABSTRACT The successful use of native species in conservation actions depends on basic knowledge of their biology, beginning with the identification of regenerating individuals in the field, up to the behavior and development of the species from the early stages of germination. Moreover, seed propagation and germination may be limited by the occurrence of dormancy. The objective of this work was to identify the best method to overcome seed dormancy of Hymenaea parvifolia Huber, besides characterizing the fruits, seeds, post-seminal development and seedlings of naturally occurring specimens in Amazonia. For this, (i) tests for the breakdown of dormancy were performed through thermal, chemical and mechanical treatments; (ii) analyses of their effects on seed germination were made; and (iii) morphology of germinative development of Hymenaea parvifolia was described. The treatments based on sulfuric acid for 15, 25 and 35 minutes were the most efficient in overcoming the integumentary dormancy. However, scarification by grinding is recommended because it had been less impact on the environment. External characteristics and shape of the fruit, seed and epicotyl can aid taxonomy of the genus and identification of its species in the field. In addition, morphological characters of the fruit, seed, germination and seedling were illustrated.

Resumo O Pará possui um dos maiores litorais brasileiros. Entretanto, levantamentos florísticos foram realizados em poucas regiões e apenas um estudo avaliou de forma abrangente a flora costeira do estado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer um checklist atualizado e certificado das Angiospermas das restingas do Pará. A lista foi elaborada através de literatura de referência, revisões florístico-taxonômicas de grupos com ocorrência nas restingas paraenses, material dos herbários HBRA, IAN, MFS e MG e coletas entre 2014 e 2018. Foram listadas 470 táxons, 279 gêneros e 92 famílias. Deste total, 11 táxons são apresentados como novas ocorrências para o litoral paraense. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Polygalaceae, Convolvulaceae e Melastomataceae, correspondendo a 52% dos táxons. Cyperus, Eugenia, Rhynchospora, Eleocharis e Ipomoea foram os gêneros mais representativos. Quanto às formas de vida, ervas e arbustos foram predominantes. Campo de dunas, Floresta de restinga e Brejo herbáceo foram as fitofisionomias com maior número de táxons. A comparação da flora encontrada, com a de restingas do Nordeste brasileiro, mostrou maior afinidade com a do Maranhão, com muitas espécies provenientes da flora amazônica colonizando as restingas desse estado.

Abstract Pará state has one of the longest coastal in Brazil. However, floristic surveys have been conducted in few regions and only one study has comprehensively evaluated the coastal flora of the state. The objective of this study was to create an updated and certified checklist of the angiosperms in the restingas of Pará. The list was made using literature, floristic and taxonomic revisions, herbaria specimens from HBRA, IAN, MFS and MG, and collections made between 2014 and 2018. Overall, 470 species, 279 genera and 92 families were recorded. Of this total, 11 species are new records for coastal Pará. The families with the greatest number of species are Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Polygalaceae, Convolvulaceae and Melastomataceae, which correspond to 52% of the species. Cyperus, Eugenia, Rhynchospora, Eleocharis and Ipomoea are the most representative genera. For life forms, herbs and shrubs are predominant. Dune fields, restinga forest and herbaceous swamp are the phytophysiognomies with the greatest number of species. A comparison with restingas of northeastern Brazil showed that the flora surveyed is most similar to that of Maranhão, since many species of the Amazonian flora also occur in restingas in this state.

Leguminosae é dominante nas formações vegetacionais amazônicas; e, nesse contexto, o arquipélago de Marajó possui destaque, pois inclui várias dessas formações. Este trabalho objetiva fornecer uma listagem das espécies de Leguminosae registradas no arquipélago de Marajó e analisar a sua distribuição geográfica. Analisaram-se dados de herbários, literatura e coletas, e a partir de então foram definidos os padrões de distribuição. Foram registradas 241 espécies em 80 gêneros as quais seis são novos registros para o Estado do Pará. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Inga, Mimosa, Aeschynomene e Machaerium. A subfamília Papilionoideae apresentou maior número de gêneros e espécies. Jacqueshuberia quinquangulata é endêmica da região estudada. A análise da distribuição mostrou o predomínio de espécies amplamente distribuídas pela América do Sul. O arquipélago, por sua heterogeneidade fisionômica, é um sítio diverso de Leguminosae na Amazônia, com cerca de 30% da flora específica da família no Estado do Pará.

Leguminosae is dominant in vegetation formations of Amazon and, in this context the Marajó Archipelago stands out for including several of these formations. This paper aimed to update and analyze the patterns of geographic distribution of Leguminosae from the Marajó archipelago. Data obtained from herbaria, literature and botanical expeditions thus the patterns of distribution were determined. We registered 241 species in 80 genera of which six are new records for the flora of Pará State. The most representative genera were Inga, Mimosa, Aeschynomene and Machaerium. Subfamily Papilionoideae had the greatest number of genera and species. Jacqueshuberia quinquangulata is endemic to Marajó Island. The phytogeographical analysis showed predominance of species widely distributed South America. The archipelago, because of its physiognomic heterogeneity, represents a diverse site of Leguminosae in Amazon, with about 31% of species diversity mentioned for the family in Pará.