ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of the cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) in sheep diets on the feed intake, digestibility, fermentation, and physicochemical characteristics of the ruminal digesta. Five sheep cannulated in the rumen (61.5±9.5 kg body weight) were assigned in a Latin square design (5×5), with five diets and five experimental periods of 21 days each. The first 14 days were the adaptation period, and data were collected over the following seven days, making the total duration of the experiment 105 days. The diets included a control diet and four diets containing cactus at 121, 245, 371, and 500 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The diets had a forage:concentrate ratio of 65:35. The inclusion of cactus increased the DM intake and non-fiber carbohydrates, but reduced the neutral detergent fiber intake. It also increased the apparent digestibility of the DM, reduced the digesta density 4 h after feeding, and increased the production of ruminal fluid foam. The inclusion of cactus quadratically affected the DM rumen turnover, with the lowest value observed in the 336.5 g/kg cactus diet. The DM ruminal disappearance rate increased with the inclusion of cactus to the diets and quadratically affected the ruminal pH, with the highest value found in the 150 g/kg cactus diet. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased, but the acetate:propionate ratio decreased with the inclusion of cactus at 500 g/kg DM. Taken together, our findings indicate that the evaluated spineless cactus can be added to sheep diets up to the level of 500 g/kg DM. The inclusion of O. stricta (Haw.) improves feed intake, DM digestibility, and SCFA and modifies the physicochemical characteristics of the ruminal digesta.

Resumo O estudo apresenta ao campo dos fundamentos da educação ambiental algunsprincípios para sustentar a necessidade de reconhecimento de epistemologiasontológicas que contemplem leituras em educação ambiental centradas em nossotempo. Desse modo, procura demonstrar como a racionalidade ocidental, buscandofirmar-se, cindiu o ser no bojo de suas epistemologias através de dualismos.Posteriormente apresentam-se os vestígios atuais de um deslocamento da ciênciapositiva para um modo de pensar a ciência que reconhece a dimensão ontológicado ser, considerando a temporalidade histórica de Heidegger e a linguagem deGadamer. Espera-se que este texto seja o início para pensar possibilidades de umdebate ontoepistemológico para a educação ambiental.

Abstract This study intends to present to the field of fundamentals of environmental education some principles that support the need for recognition of ontological epistemologies that can account for the readings in environmental studies in our time. Thus, this paper tries to demonstrate how the Western rationality, seeking to establish itself, divided the being in the core of its epistemologies through its dualisms; to present, posteriorly, the current vestiges of a shift from scientific positivism to a way to regard science recognizing the ontological dimension of the being, considering for it to recognize Heidegger’s historical temporality and Gadamer’s language. The study submitted aspires to be thestart to think possibilities of an onto-epistemological debate in environmental education.

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o período dos governos militares brasileiros (1964-1985) sob a ótica da cultura da legalidade. Pretendemos demonstrar como a tomada do poder político em 1964, longe de se caracterizar apenas pelo emprego da força e do arbítrio, foi pautada por um esforço jurídico, produzido com base numa determinada teoria do direito constitucional, com ênfase no pensamento de Carl Schmitt e Hans Kelsen.

This article proposes to analyse the period of brazilian military governments (1964-1985) under the view of lawfulness culture. We intend to show how the take of political power in 1964, far of being considered just the invest of the force and of the will, it was based into a juridical effort engagement, made upon a determined theory of constitutional right with emphasis in the thought of Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen.

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o período dos governos militares brasileiros (1964-1985) sob a ótica da cultura da legalidade. Pretendemos demonstrar como a tomada do poder político em 1964, longe de se caracterizar apenas pelo emprego da força e do arbítrio, foi pautada por um esforço jurídico, produzido com base numa determinada teoria do direito constitucional, com ênfase no pensamento de Carl Schmitt e Hans Kelsen.

This article proposes to analyse the period of brazilian military governments (1964-1985) under the view of lawfulness culture. We intend to show how the take of political power in 1964, far of being considered just the invest of the force and of the will, it was based into a juridical effort engagement, made upon a determined theory of constitutional right with emphasis in the thought of Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen.