Abstract New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

Resumo Novos métodos de detecção precoce e avaliação de risco estão sendo estudados com o intuito de predizer o prognóstico dos pacientes e direcionar um tratamento diferenciado. Neste contexto, vários biomarcadores moleculares têm sido investigados com esta finalidade, dentre eles a heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar se a HSP27 exerce alguma influência nos carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO), correlacionando a sua imunoexpressão com parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. A amostra foi constituída por 55 casos de CCELO e 20 espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Os sistemas de gradação de malignidade propostos pela OMS em 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al. e Almangush et al. foram aplicados em um estudo histomorfológico. A expressão da HSP27 foi avaliada através do Sistema de Escore de Imunorreatividade (IRS). Para todos os testes estatísticos foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observado um maior IRS para a mucosa oral normal quando comparado aos casos de CCELO (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a imunomarcação da HSP27 com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos analisados e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam uma menor expressão da HSP27 nos casos de CCELO quando comparados aos espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Assim, a expressão da HSP27 parece não influenciar o prognóstico dos pacientes.

Resumo O angioleiomioma é uma neoplasia benigna que, a partir da nova classificação da OMS (2013) para os tumores de tecidos moles, deixou de ser considerado um tumor de origem muscular lisa, passando a ser considerado um tumor de origem perivascular. Raramente os angioleiomiomas ocorrem na cavidade oral. A lesão é tratada cirurgicamente, com prognóstico considerado favorável. Este trabalho revisa os casos de angioleiomioma oral relatados na literatura nos últimos 5 anos e descreve esse tumor em um homem de 44 anos que apresentou um nódulo assintomático localizado em lábio superior, com evolução de 6 meses. As hipóteses diagnósticas foram de adenoma pleomórfico e adenoma canalicular. A lesão foi submetida à biópsia e análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (S100, CD34, α-SMA, H-caldesmon e desmina) confirmaram o diagnóstico de angioleiomioma. Destacamos a imuno-histoquímica como um importante método auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial do angioleiomioma com outras lesões e, principalmente, com o miopericitoma.

Abstract Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm that was considered a tumor of smooth-muscle origin until the most recent (2013) WHO classification of soft tissue tumors, in which it was reclassified as a tumor of perivascular origin. Angioleiomyomas rarely occur in the oral cavity. These lesions are treated surgically with good prognosis. This article presents a review of reports of oral angioleiomyoma in the literature from the last 5 years and describes the case of a 44-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic nodule in the upper lip that had developed over a 6-month period. Diagnostic hypotheses of pleomorphic adenoma or canalicular adenoma were raised. Biopsy of the lesion, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (S100, CD34, H-caldesmon, and desmin) confirmed a diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. It is noteworthy that immunohistochemistry is an important auxiliary method for differential diagnosis of angioleiomyoma from other tumors, particularly myopericytoma.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.