ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a rare form of chronic inflammatory disease involving large vessels, with uncertain etiology, with chest pain as a common and challenging symptom, resulting from inflammation in the aortic root or arch, pulmonary artery or coronary arteries. The objective of this study was to describe the use of intravenous lidocaine to treat severe and refractory chest pain secondary to TA. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old female patient diagnosed with TA, with severe chest pain that was difficult to manage, was admitted after consulting an emergency department. The pain was unresponsive to traditional treatment after a week of drug adjustments. As a therapeutic option, a Sympathetic Venous Blockade (SVB) with lidocaine was chosen, achieving a reduction in pain from 10 to 3 on the Visual Analog Scale. Infliximab was administered before discharge. The patient was re-evaluated at an outpatient appointment after 30 days. CONCLUSION: This strategy for the treatment of severe chest pain allowed for pain reduction and relief.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma forma rara de doença inflamatória crônica envolvendo grandes vasos, com etiologia incerta, tendo a dor torácica como um sintoma comum e desafiador, consequente à inflamação na raiz ou arco aórtico, artéria pulmonar ou coronárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a utilização da lidocaína por via endovenosa na abordagem da dor torácica intensa e refratária secundária à AT. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos, com diagnóstico de AT, dor torácica intensa de difícil manejo, internada após consulta em serviço de emergência. Dor não responsiva ao tratamento tradicional após uma semana de ajustes em fármacos. Como opção terapêutica, foi escolhido o Bloqueio Simpático Venoso (BSV) com lidocaína, obtendo redução da dor de 10 para 3 na Escala Analógica Visual. Antes da alta hospitalar foi administrado infliximabe. Paciente foi reavaliada em consulta ambulatorial após 30 dias. CONCLUSÃO: Esta estratégia fora tratamento da dor torácica intensa permitiu redução e alívio da dor.

Abstract Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 is a genus of nematodes that includes approximately 100 species parasitic in vertebrates around the world. From these, approximately 30 occur in the Neotropical region, with nine reported from neotropical reptiles. Physaloptera spp. are recognized by their distinct morphology of the apical end and characters of the reproductive system. However, despite the fact that the morphological characters for species diagnosis have been firmly established, we frequently find identification problems regarding poorly detailed descriptions and poorly preserved specimens. These may lead to taxonomic incongruencies. Physaloptera retusa (Rudolphi, 1819) is the most common species of the genus and has been reported from several species of neotropical reptiles. Based on our reexaminations of nematode specimens identified as P. retusa from different museum collections, we provide a detailed redescription including the type material, voucher specimens and new specimens recovered currently and showed in this study with new morphological data obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy tools.

Resumo Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 é um gênero de nematódeos que inclui aproximadamente 100 espécies parasitárias em vertebrados em todo o mundo. Destes, aproximadamente 30 ocorrem na região Neotropical, e nove foram reportados para répteis neotropicais. Physaloptera spp. são reconhecidas por sua morfologia distinta na extremidade apical e por caracteres do sistema reprodutivo, especialmente nos machos. No entanto, embora os caracteres morfológicos para o diagnóstico de espécies tenham sido estabelecidos, frequentemente são encontrados problemas de identificação em relação a descrições pouco detalhadas e espécimes mal preservados. Isto pode levar a incongruências taxonômicas e erros de identificação. Physaloptera retusa (Rudolphi, 1819) é a espécie mais comum do gênero e tem sido reportada para várias espécies de répteis neotropicais. Com base nos estudos das revisões de espécimes de nematódeos, identificados como P. retusa de diferentes coleções de museus, foi providenciada uma redescrição detalhada, incluindo-se o material-tipo, espécimes "voucher" e novos espécimes obtidos neste estudo com novos dados morfológicos, obtidos a partir de microscopia eletrônica de luz e varredura.

Environmental pollution by contaminants of emerging concern, among these various pesticides, has been a concern of environmentalists and scientists around the world. Thus, efforts to mitigate the impacts of these substances have been carried out, and the use of advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysis, is an alternative. This work sought to synthesize a composite photocatalyst based on iron oxides and titanium dioxide to assess its applicability in degrading the herbicide bentazon (BTZ) by a lamp that simulates the solar spectrum (visible, ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) and sunlight. Photocatalytic degradation reached 51% in 120 min with a rate constant k = 0.0058 min-1 when a UV-Vis lamp of 300 W was used. The applicability was demonstrated under sunlight radiation, reaching 38% degradation of a bentazon solution (4.1 × 10-4 mol L-1) after 320 min. TiO2 and Fe2O3 were synthesized similarly but showed no degradation under the same conditions. Thus, Fe2O3-TiO2 is an inexpensive and non-toxic material capable of efficiently conducting the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, such as the bentazon herbicide.

Abstract This article presents a state of the art about research groups in mathematics education as an object of study. We analyzed a set of 25 papers validated in a survey at the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and Google Scholar, elucidating their authors, titles, themes, areas of investigation and methodological approaches. The main results evidenced the presence of articles published in periodicals, by the Oral History and Mathematics Education Research Group, and works that analyze/describe aspects of trajectory, constitution, identity, scientific habitus, functioning, collaboration and/or scientific production of the research groups. We argue that future research may privilege the magnitude of research groups in mathematics education in Brazil.

Résumé Présentation d’un état de l’art sur des études au sujet des groupes de recherche sur l’enseignement des mathématiques un ensemble de 25 travaux validés par un inventaire à la Bibliothèque Numérique Brésilienne de Thèses et Dissertations et au Google Académique a été analysé. Les principaux résultats ont mis en évidence l’existence d’articles parus dans des périodiques, par le Groupe de Recherche Histoire Orale et Enseignement Mathématique, et de travaux qui analysent/décrivent des aspects du parcours, de la constitution, de l’identité, de l’habitus scientifique, du fonctionnement, de la collaboration et/ou de la production scientifique des ces groupes de recherche. On soutient que des recherches futures peuvent rendre compte de l’ampleur des groupes de recherche sur l’enseignement des mathématiques au Brésil.

Resumen Presentamos un estado del arte sobre los grupos de investigación en educación matemática como objeto de estudio. Analizamos un conjunto de 25 trabajos encontrados en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones y en Google académico. Los principales resultados evidenciaron la presencia de artículos publicados en publicaciones periódicas por el Grupo de Investigación Historia Oral y Educación Matemática, y de trabajos que analizan/describen aspectos de trayectoria, constitución, identidad, habitus científico, funcionamiento, colaboración y/o producción científica de los grupos de investigación. Sostenemos que las investigaciones futuras pueden privilegiar la magnitud de los grupos de investigación en educación matemática en Brasil.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estado da arte sobre grupos de pesquisa em educação matemática. É feita a análise de um conjunto de 25 trabalhos encontrados na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e no Google Acadêmico. Os principais resultados evidenciaram a presença de artigos publicados em periódicos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa História Oral e Educação Matemática e de trabalhos que analisam/descrevem aspectos de trajetória, constituição, identidade, habitus científico, funcionamento, colaboração e/ou produção científica dos grupos de pesquisa. Conclui-se que pesquisas futuras podem privilegiar a magnitude dos grupos de pesquisa em educação matemática no Brasil.

Abstract Background: nutrition therapy is a complex area of healthcare systems that encompasses patient characteristics, medical decision making, nutritional formula characteristics, and costs, composing a complex ecosystem. The integration of these different domains is actualized in medical prescription in a heuristic and iterative way, taking into account patient characteristics and formulas, with a limited capacity for in-scale calculations and inclusion of factors involved in the prescription of nutritional formulas and other ecosystem elements. From a practical standpoint, depicting the four areas as equalities could provide the necessary equivalence to study dependence and consequence from left- and right-side terms. Objectives: the objective of this theoretical study is to provide a mathematical model that describes and integrates different aspects of nutrition therapy. Methods: in this theoretical study, we deducted a mathematical representation for nutrition therapy using first-grade equations and simple calculus techniques. Results: a formula that coordinates four elements of the nutrition therapy ecosystem was found: cashflow, compliance adherence, patient, and macronutrient mass, formula density and unitary cost. Conclusion: factors involving decision-making in nutrition therapy can be unified in a mathematical model.

Resumen Antecedentes: la terapia nutricional es un área compleja de los sistemas de salud que abarca las características del paciente, la toma de decisiones médicas, las características de la fórmula nutricional y los costos, componiendo un ecosistema complejo. La integración de estos diferentes dominios se actualiza en la prescripción médica de forma heurística e iterativa, teniendo en cuenta las características y fórmulas del paciente, con una capacidad limitada para cálculos a escala e inclusión de otros factores relacionados con la prescripción de la terapia nutricional y los elementos del ecosistema. Desde un punto de vista práctico, describir las cuatro áreas como igualdades podría proporcionar la equivalencia necesaria para estudiar la dependencia y la consecuencia de los términos del lado izquierdo y derecho. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio teórico es brindar un modelo matemático que describa e integre diferentes aspectos de la terapia nutricional. Métodos: en este estudio teórico se dedujo una representación matemática para la terapia nutricional utilizando ecuaciones de primer grado y técnicas de cálculo simple. Resultados: se encontró una fórmula que coordina cuatro elementos del ecosistema de la terapia nutricional: flujo de caja, adherencia al cumplimiento, masa del paciente y macronutrientes, densidad de la fórmula y costo unitario. Conclusión: los factores que involucran la toma de decisiones en la terapia nutricional se pueden unificar en un modelo matemático.

Abstract In immunosuppressed patients, dermatophytosis can be more invasive, affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The authors describe the cases of two patients with kidney and heart transplanted, respectively, that developed a deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, confirmed by culture and DNA sequencing. Both patients had concomitant onychomycosis, and both were treated with itraconazole for about two months, which was interrupted due to pharmacological interactions with the immunosuppressive drugs and switched to terbinafine, leading to clinical resolution within four months. Deep dermatophytosis should be considered when dealing with immunocompromised patients, especially when a superficial dermatophytosis is present. Oral treatment is necessary and terbinafine is a preferable option in solid organ transplant recipients because it has less pharmacological interactions.

Resumo O tratamento da ulceração cutânea crónica é um desafio comum da prática diária da dermatologia. Nos últimos anos, o enxerto de folículos pilosos mostrou ser eficaz no tratamento das úlceras cutâneas crónicas. A melhora da cicatrização deve-se, provavelmente, à acção das células estaminais pluripotentes existentes nos folículos pilosos. Neste artigo reportamos um caso de úlcera cutânea crónica que resolveu totalmente dois meses após o implante de folículos pilosos no leito da úlcera.

Abstract Chronic skin ulcers treatment is a common challenge in clinical dermatology practice. In recent years, hair-follicles transplantation emerged as an effective chronic skin ulcer treatment. The healing improvement is probably due to the action of follicle stem cells. We present a case of a chronic skin ulcer due to livedoid vasculopathy that fully healed 2 months after hair-follicle implantation into the wound bed.

Resumo O desenvolvimento de recursos numéricos e computacionais capazes de apresentar modelos confiáveis para a análise de estruturas de concreto armado é impulsionado principalmente pelo seu uso generalizado. Considerando que o concreto armado é um material composto e a ligação entre eles é o mecanismo de transmissão de carga, estes modelos devem levar em conta que o comportamento estrutural é afetado pela interação entre concreto e armadura. Neste sentido, o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) é um método bem estabelecido capaz de fornecer resultados consistentes para modelagem de concreto armado através de modelos de armadura e aderência. No entanto, a fim de simplificar a análise, a hipótese de compatibilidade de deformação entre concreto e aço é geralmente considerada. Sob certas cargas e geometrias, esta hipótese não é válida, e o fenômeno de escorregamento da armadura deve ser considerado para caracterizar plenamente o comportamento estrutural. Para atender a essa necessidade, este artigo apresenta uma interface gráfica que permite a modelagem de estruturas de concreto armado por meio de modelos de armadura discreta e embutida, com a possibilidade de incluir a perda de aderência com base em uma série de leis constitutivas propostas na literatura. A implementação computacional foi realizada no sistema INSANE (INteractive Structural ANalysis Environment), um programa de código aberto baseado no paradigma da programação orientada a objetos, que engloba vários modelos constitutivos para modelagem não-linear de estruturas de concreto, diferentes métodos numéricos e também uma aplicação de pós-processamento capaz de representar os resultados por meio de uma interface gráfica amigável.

Abstract The development of numerical and computational resources that can present reliable models for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures is mainly driven by its widespread use. Considering that reinforced concrete is a composite material and bond is the load-carrying mechanism, these models must consider that the structural behavior is affected by the interaction between concrete and reinforcement. On this basis, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is a well-established method able to provide consistent results for reinforced concrete modeling through reinforcement and bond models. Nevertheless, to simplify the analysis, the hypothesis of strain compatibility between concrete and reinforcement is usually considered. Under certain loads and specific geometries, this hypothesis is not valid, and the bond-slip phenomenon must be considered to fully characterize the structural behavior. To fulfill this need, this paper presents a graphic interface that enables the modeling of reinforced concrete structures through discrete and embedded reinforcement models, with the possibility to include the bond-slip phenomenon based on several constitutive laws proposed in the literature. The computational implementations were held in the INSANE (INteractive Structural ANalysis Environment), an open-source software based on the Object-Oriented Programming paradigm, which enclosures several constitutive models for nonlinear concrete modeling and different numerical techniques, and a post-processing application able to represent the results by way of a friendly-user graphic interface.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate driving and inhibiting factors for Digital Transformation (DT) and their effects on the advent over the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of business consultants. The research has been presented as descriptive in nature as well as on its general objective and on its approaching form, which come classified along as qualitative aspects. From the field of an investigation, four key dimensions emerged as the most relevant technology for DT: the value creation, the organizational structure and the culture adopted on businesses. Furthermore, it is worth highlighting the role of leadership as a key element in driving the team during a journey which requires a cultural transformation linked to DT.

ABSTRACT Bases are chemical species that donate electrons, accept protons, or release hydroxyls (OH–) in aqueous solution. In Soil Science, “base saturation”, “exchangeable bases” or “basic cations” has been widely used to distinguish Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ from H+ and Al3+ cations. This terminology is confusing since none of these cations are truly a base in chemistry sense. However, in the absence of the proposition of a correct term, the term “base saturation” remains in use nowadays, causing confusion among students, professionals, and even among professors and researchers in Soil Science, as it leads to the erroneous interpretation that the soil acidity can be corrected by adding these cations to the soil. Here, we present the historical background of this nomenclature and a theoretical foundation that justifies the abolition of the use of these terms in Soil Science. We consider that the most correct is to call it “Ca-Mg-K-Na saturation”, which, despite being long, would refer directly and without any misinterpretation of the terminology. In Soil Fertility, the “base saturation” is often calculated only as a function of the sum of Ca, Mg, and K, since the Na content is negligible in most tropical and subtropical soils. Thus, one could use the term “Ca-Mg-K saturation”. Likewise, it is also suggested to abolish the use of the term “sum of bases” and use the term “sum of Ca-Mg-K” or “sum of Ca-Mg-K-Na” instead when necessary.

Abstract Objective: To analyze if the oral health conditions in children and adolescents are associated with hemophilia (PROSPERO-42020168192). Material and Methods: The search strategy was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/BBO, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Grey literature databases. Two independent researchers assessed the risk of bias in these studies by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For the meta-analysis, the clinical conditions data were extracted as numerical variables according to their indexes, such as dental caries experience (dmft/DMFT), gingival condition (Modified Gingival Index - IGM), and oral hygiene (Plaque Index - PI). The quality of the evidence of the meta-analysis was evaluated by the GRADE tool (GRADEproGDT). Results: From a total of 431 studies, 27 were included, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. The studies presented a moderate risk of bias, ranging from 2 to 7 points. The dental caries experience in primary (-0.62; CI95%: -1.68–0.43) and permanent dentitions (-0.05; CI95%: -0.69–0.59), gingival condition (-0.12; CI95%: -0.27–0.03), and oral hygiene (0.36; CI95%: -0.06–0.77) did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Based on studies with very weak evidence, there were no differences in the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with and without hemophilia.

Abstract Paper aims This paper analyzes Command and Control (C2) Systems and identifies the level of knowledge on the subject by actors involved in disaster response operations in Brazil, besides assessing the evolution in this area since the disaster of the Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro in 2011. Originality The concept of C2 is still little explored academically, especially in disaster management systems. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of different C2 Systems operated in Brazil, as well as identifying the level of knowledge on the subject and its evolution since 2011. Research method This is an exploratory survey in which data was analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. Main findings We conclude that the actors involved in real disaster situations have little formal training in C2. The findings indicate that the performance of a simulated exercise helps in disaster preparedness, but the participants observed deficiencies concerning C2 training besides the lack of local community involvement in the simulated exercise. Implications for theory and practice This study contributes to the disaster management literature, showing empirical evidence that the results obtained in a simulated exercise can boost the specialization of professionals in C2 systems in the area of disasters.

ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) may present as an acute/subacute clinical form, characterized by a progressive disease arising from the airborne initial infection, or, most often, as an asymptomatic or subclinical infection that may manifest later during an individual’s life, the chronic form. Epidemiological studies show the existence of a strong association between smoking and the development of the chronic form. Current evidence demonstrates that cigarette smoke (CS) has immunosuppressive properties that could be implicated in the increasing susceptibility to the chronic form of PCM. To address this issue, we developed a murine model of a non-progressive pulmonary form of PCM that was exposed to CS at a magnitude that mimicked a moderate smoker. The chronic CS exposure started after 2 weeks and lasted up until 20 weeks post-infection, with the aim of mimicking human natural history, since it is estimated that individuals from endemic areas are infected early in life. The control group consisted of infected but not CS-exposed mice. We assessed the lung fungal burden (colony forming units [CFU]) and the area affected by the granulomatous inflammatory response, fungal dissemination to spleen and liver, and, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, CD68 and MAC-2 macrophages, and IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF expressing cells within the granulomatous response. We detected a CS effect as early as 2 weeks after exposure (four weeks post-infection) when the lung CFU of exposed animals was significantly higher than in their non-exposed counterparts. At 12 weeks, the CS-exposed animals presented a more severe disease, as witnessed by the persistent higher lung fungal load (although it did not reach statistical significance [ p = 0.054]), greater dissemination to other organs, greater affected area of the lung, decreased IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, and higher TNF expression within the granulomas, compared with CS-non-exposed mice. The number of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes infiltrating the granulomas was similar between both mice groups, but there was a decrease in the number of MAC-2+ macrophages. No difference was noted in the CD68+ macrophage number. However, the follow-up in week 20 showed that the immunological effects of exposure to CS ceased, with both CS and NCS mice showing the same infectious features, i.e., a trend for resolution of the infection. In conclusion, we show that chronic CS-exposure alters the course of the disease in an experimental model of subclinical pulmonary PCM, confirming the epidemiological link between CS-exposure and the chronic form of PCM. However, we also show that this effect is transitory, being detected between 4- and 12-weeks post-infection but not thereafter. The possible immune mechanisms that mediate this effect and the reasons for its transitory effect are discussed.

RESUMO Concessões e investimentos públicos com gestão delegada foram os modelos adotados até então para viabilizar investimentos e operações nos aeroportos brasileiros. Porém, aeroportos regionais geralmente apresentam custos maiores que as receitas diretas, o que leva à necessidade de avaliar novos modelos de delegação e parcerias, aproveitando além dos efeitos diretos, o crescimento potencial da região impulsionado pelo transporte aéreo. A engenharia territorial baseia-se na modernização de estruturas produtivas, inovações, P&D e capacitação para compor programas territoriais, que vão além do investimento e gestão de infraestruturas de transporte, gerando crescimento sustentável. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para identificar casos em que este instrumento pode ser usado. Os resultados aplicados nos 164 aeroportos previstos no Plano Aeroviário Nacional Brasileiro 2018-2038 possibilitaram identificar 14 regiões que, a princípio, necessitariam de subsídios externos, mas que se mostraram viáveis e fiscalmente sustentáveis quando o empreendimento é avaliado associado à principal cadeia de valor: o turismo.

ABSTRACT Concessions or public investments with delegated management were the models adopted until then to make possible investments and operations in the Brazilian airports. But regional airports usually present higher costs than direct revenues, which leads to the need to evaluate new models of delegation and partnerships, taking advantage of the direct effects and the potential growth of the region induced by air transport. The territorial engineering is based on the modernization of productive structures, innovations, R&D and training to compose territorial programs beyond the investment and management of transport infrastructures, generating sustainable growth. This paper presents a methodology to identify cases in which this instrument can be used. The results of the 164 planned airports in the Brazilian National Aviation Plan 2018-2038 made it possible to identify 14 regions that, at first, would need external subsidies, but which proved to be viable and fiscally sustainable when the enterprise is evaluated associated with the main value chain: tourism.

RESUMO A mobilidade interurbana a partir de um olhar sistêmico e integrado é pouco estudada no Brasil. Ela compreende os movimentos de pessoas entre cidades, com o objetivo de suprir necessidades não cotidianas, por meio de diferentes modos de transporte, geridos por diferentes dimensões de gestão político-administrativas. O uso de um big data de dados da telefonia móvel no Brasil, de técnicas de modelagem e o cruzamento com dados secundários de diferentes fontes, permitiu um olhar inédito dessa mobilidade, e expõe como uma visão integrada pode contribuir para a melhoria do planejamento. Os resultados demonstram níveis de mobilidade distintos em diferentes regiões brasileiras. A acessibilidade ofertada para a população apresenta diferenças regionais, e as mais de 2 bilhões de viagens individuais realizadas anualmente consideraram diferentes parâmetros para seus deslocamentos e escolhas modais, além do custo e do tempo de transporte. O transporte interurbano por automóvel é majoritário (58%), principalmente pela limitação de oferta de serviços e infraestruturas de outros modos (1% das ligações domésticas possuem mais de um modo de transporte ofertado). Contudo, o transporte aéreo (25%) e o transporte rodoviário por ônibus (17%) possuem significativa contribuição na divisão modal da produção do transporte.

ABSTRACT Interurban mobility from a systemic and integrated perspective is not much studied in Brazil. It comprises the movements that take place between cities, with the objective of meeting non-daily needs, through different modals of transport and different dimensions of administrative management. The use of a big data with mobile phone information in Brazil, modeling techniques and the crossing with secondary data from different sources, allowed an unprecedented overview at this mobility, and exposes how this integrated vision can contribute to the improvement of the planning. The results demonstrate a distinct mobility for different Brazilian locations. The accessibility offered to the population presents regional differences, and the data indicate that the more than 2 billion individual trips made annually considered different parameters for their travel and modal choices, in addition to the cost and time of transportation. Intercity transportation by car is the majority (58%), mainly due to the limited supply of services and infrastructure in other modes (just 1% of domestic connections have more than one mode of transportation offered). However, air transport (25%) and road transport by bus (17%) have a significant contribution to the modal division of transport production.