The need to fully exploit fishing resources due to increasing production and consequent waste generation requires research to promote the sustainability of the fishing industry. Fish waste from the industry is responsible for relevant environmental contamination. However, these raw materials contain high amounts of collagen and other biomolecules, being attractive due to their industrial and biotechnological applicability. Thus, to reduce the waste from pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) processing, this study aimed to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin tissue. The extraction process used 0.05 M sodium hydroxide, 10% butyl alcohol, and 0.5 M acetic acid, with extraction temperature of 20°C. The obtained yield was 27.8%, and through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), it was determined that the collagen obtained was type I. This study showed that collagen solubility was highest at pH 3 and the lowest solubility was at concentrations of 3% sodium chloride. The denaturation temperature of collagen was 38.1°C, and its intact molecular structure was observed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry technique with an absorption radius of 1. The results showed that it was possible to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin at 20°C, which has the typical characteristics of commercial type I collagen. In conclusion, the procedures used may be considered to be an interesting alternative for collagen extraction, a new product obtained from the processing of fish waste.

Estudaram-se os efeitos dos herbicidas oxyfluorfen, 2,4-D e glyphosate na atividade microbiana de três solos com diferentes texturas e conteúdos de matéria orgânica, mediante ensaio respirométrico em laboratório. Os herbicidas foram aplicados isoladamente em cada substrato, num experimento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os resultados apresentados indicaram um incremento da atividade microbiana no solo com a aplicação dos herbicidas estudados. Observou-se também, que o efeito dos herbicidas sobre a microbiota do solo é fortemente influenciado pelas características físicas do solo principalmente sua textura.

The effect of the herbicide oxyfluorfen, 2,4-D and glyphosate on the microbial acitivity of three soils with different textures and organic matter contents was studied in the laboratory, through respirometric assay. The herbicides were applied separately, to each soil medium, in a random block experiment, with three replications. The results indicated an increase in microbial activity which was strongly influenced by the physical characteristics of the soil, mainly its texture.

Objetivando avaliar o efeito de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas, na produção e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Rico 23, foi instalado um experimento no campo, em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Câmbico, fase terraço, com 2,8% de matéria orgânica e textura argilosa. Usaram-se os tratamentos: testemunha com capina; testemunha sem capina; EPTC a 5,70 kg i.a./ha; trifluralina a 0,75 kg i.a./ha; EPTC a 2,00 kg i.a./ha + trifluralina a 0,60 kg i.a./ha; nitralina a 1,00 kg i.a./ha e pendimethalin a 1,50 kg i.a./ha. Avaliaram-se a população inicial e a produção de grãos pelo feijoeiro e o número de plantas daninhas Realizaram-se, também, testes de avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes do feijoeiro. pelo teste-padrão de germinação, teste de primeira contagem, peso de matéria seca das plãntulas na primeira contagem e teste de germinação após 20, 40 e 60 horas de permanência das sementes na câmara de envelhecimento precoce. No campo, observou-se predominância de trevo (Oxalis sp), picão-branco (Galinsoga parviflora) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus). Não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, quanto ao controle de plantas daninhas e<< stand>> inicial e produção do feijoeiro. O teste-padrão de germinação não foi bom parâmetro para diferenciar níveis de vigor das sementes. O herbicida trifluralina não prejudicou o acúmulo de matéria seca pelas plântulas. O tratamento das sementes do feijoeiro na câmara de envelhecimento precoce, a 42 ± 3ºC e 95% U.R., pelo período de 20 horas, promoveu, nas sementes do tratamento testemunha sem capina, deterioração precoce, diferenciando-o do EPTC + trifluralina, que permaneceu vigoroso.

This experiment was planned to evaluate the effect of herbicides on yield and physiological quality of field bean seeds. A trial was carried out on a Cambic yellow Podzolic, terrace fase clay soil, with 2,8% of organic matter. The following treatments were applied: a) mechanically weeded; b) non-weeded; c) EPTC at 5.70 kg a.i./ha; d) trifluralin at 0.75 a.i./ha; e) EPTC 2,00 kg a.i./ha + trifluralin at 0.60 kg a.i./ha; f) nitralin at 1.00 kg a.i./ha e pendimethalin at 1.50 kg a.i./ha. Seed physiological quality was determined by the fo llowing te sts: acce lerated aging, first count germination, standard germination and weight of seed dry matter. The prevalent weeds in the field were Oxalis sp, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus. The standard germination test was not a good method to assess seed vigor. Trifluralin was not detrimental to the accumulation of dry matter in seedlings. The accelerated aging test was effective to differentiate treatments, showing that seeds from non-weeded plots had less vigor than seeds from plots treated with EPTC + trifluralin.

Numa série de ensaios em laboratório e casa-de-vegetação, estudou-se a mobilidade e a inativação do herbicida metribuzin em materiais de um Latossolo e de um Podzólico representativos de duas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, em função de diferentes densidades aparentes. Ensaios biológicos foram utilizados para medir a inativação e a mobilidade do metribuzin nos diferentes solos e densidades. A densidade aparente alterou de forma pronunciada a quantidade de herbicida lixiviado através das colunas dos materiais dos solos estudados. Quanto maior a densidade, menor a quantidade de herbicida lixiviado. A quantidade de herbicida que permaneceu biologicamente ativo ao longo da coluna foi diretamente relacionada com a densidade, em cada solo. A mobilidade do metribuzin no material do Latossolo foi maior que no de Podzólico, em consequência de maior atividade coloidal deste.

The leaching and inactivation of metribuzin were studied with materials of two mineral soilsat different bulk densities. Plastic tubing of' 7.25 cm diameter and 10 cm height were filled up with different amounts of soil to get different bulk densities. One kg/ha of a.i. of metribuzin placed on the surface are a of the column was le ached through these soil colums using 250 ml of water. The cotyledon disk bioassay method was used to detect the metribuzin leachet. The biological active metribuzin in the soil colunn at different depths, and the inativation abil ity of the soils were determined using the assay with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as test-plant. The increase of bulk density reduced the leaching and enhanced the biologically active metribuzin in the soil column. Metribuzin was more mobil in the Red -yellow Lato ssol and more inactivated in the Red-yellow Podzolic soils.