Aim Evaluate the prevalence of bruxism and to analyze what are the possible associated factors with this condition in students of a Brazilian university. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 230 students randomly selected among undergraduate courses at a university center. The dependent variable was the presence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral habits and stress perception (Perceived Stress Scale- PSS 14). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used. Results The prevalence of awake bruxism was 28.7% and was associated with the independent variables: course (degree program), gum chewing habits, chin hand placing, facedown sleeping and one-side biting. Sleep bruxism had a 7.0% prevalence and displayed association with gum chewing, pens/pencils/objects biting, tongue/lips/cheeks biting, nails biting and one-side biting. Perceived stress was not associated with either type of bruxism. Conclusion Bruxism has an important prevalence among university students, especially when distinguishing between awake bruxism and sleep bruxism.

Resumo Objetivos: Analisar criticamente a literatura publicada nos últimos cinco anos sobre intervenções usadas no tratamento da halitose. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, seguindo o Prisma Checklist, foi conduzida nos bancos de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Académico usando os descritores ‘Halitosis’ AND ‘Treatment’. Foram seguidas etapas de seleção de artigos, aplicando critérios de inclusão e exclusão; extração de dados e análise qualitativa, onde dois pesquisadores de forma independente verificaram a confiabilidade metodológica dos artigos inclusos. Resultados: 296 artigos foram recuperados das bases de dados e após aplicação dos critérios 17 foram inclusos. Dos estudos incluídos apenas 11 tinham qualidade metodológica aceitável. Tratamentos mecânicos (escovagem dos dentes e da língua), químicos (antissépticos, pastas dentífricas, comprimidos e pastilhas) e também biológicos (probióticos) foram positivamente associados a redução da halitose. Conclusões: Embora multifatorial o dentista deve compreender a etiologia da halitose e aplicar a melhor intervenção baseada em evidências.

Abstract Objectives: To critically analyze the literature published in the last five years on interventions used in the treatment of halitosis. Methods: A qualitative systematic review, following the Prism Checklist, was conducted in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases using the descriptors ‘Halitosis’ AND ‘Treatment’. The steps were followed for article selection, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria; data extraction and qualitative analysis, where two researchers independently verified the methodological reliability of the included articles. Results: 296 articles were retrieved from the databases and after applying criteria 17 articles were included. Of the articles included, only 11 had acceptable methodological quality. Mechanical (tooth and tongue brushing), chemical (antiseptics, toothpastes and tablets) and also biological treatments (probiotics) were positively associated with halitosis reduction. Conclusion: Although multifactorial, the dentist should understand the etiology of halitosis and apply the best evidence-based intervention.

ABSTRACT: Allergic reactions are host immune responses to endogenous or exogenous antigens, which can result in local and systemic problems. Among the main allergens are the dental materials used in orthodontics, which faces some challenges with regard to biocompatibility with oral tissues.This study aimed to analyze in the literature which materials used in orthodontics are related to the appearance of oral and perioral allergic reactions, as well as to investigate the most prevalen t manifestations.An integrative review was carried out with articles published between 2010 and 2020 on the PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect on-line database. For this, MeSH descriptors and synonyms were used following two semantic fields: “Hypersensitivity” in association with “Orthodontic Appliances”, the selection of studies counted with the stages of identifica tion, screening, eligibility and inclusion. Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional or cohort clinical trials; Patients with alle rgic reactions affecting the oral or perioral region due to contact with orthodontic material, were included in the review.From a to tal of 549 articles only 04 were selected for the study. In accordance with what has been analyzed in the evidence of these studies, periodontal changes such as gingival inflammation as well as erythema, edema, papules and blisters were the main reactions described. Furthermore, in all articles there was an association with nickel and in only one with chromium. It is possible to i nfer that inflammatory lesions are frequent manifestations on the use of nickel in orthodontic patients.

RESUMEN: Las reacciones alérgicas son respuestas inmunes del huésped a antígenos endógenos o exógenos, los cuales pueden provocar problemas locales y sistémicos. Entre los principales alérgenos se encuentran los materiales dentales utilizados en la ortodoncia, la cual se enfrenta a algunos desafíos respecto a la biocompatibilidad de los tejidos orales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar en la literatura que materiales utilizados en ortodoncia están relacionados con la aparición de reacciones alérgicas orales y periorales, así como investigar las manifestaciones más prevalentes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión con artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase y ScienceDirect. Para ello, se utilizaron descriptores y sinónimos de MeSH siguiendo dos campos semánticos: "Hipersensibilidad" en asociación con "Aparatos de Ortodoncia", la selección de estudios contó con las etapas de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión. Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, ensayos clínicos transversales o de cohortes; en la revisión se incluyeron pacientes con reacciones alérgicas que afectaron a la regiones oral o perioral debido al contacto con material de ortodoncia. De un total de 549 artículos sólo cuatro fueron seleccionados para el estudio. De acuerdo con lo que se analizó en la evidencia, las principales reacciones descritas fueron cambios periodontales, como inflamación gingival, eritema, edema, pápulas y ampollas. Además, en todos los artículos hubo una asociación con níquel y solamente en uno con cromo. Es posible inferir que las lesiones inflamatorias son manifestaciones frecuentes sobre el uso de níquel en pacientes de ortodoncia.