OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e efeitos colaterais da terapia imunossupressora em pacientes com uveíte associada à doença de Behçet. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo não randomizado no qual são analisados dados de 22 pacientes com uveíte associada à doença de Behçet que utilizaram clorambucil e/ou ciclosporina A sistêmica por período mínimo de 6 meses, acompanhados pelo período mínimo de 1 ano, num único Serviço de Uveíte, São Paulo, Brasil (período 1978-2007). A eficácia do tratamento foi avaliada pela redução no número de recidivas da inflamação e pela redução na dose diária de prednisona. RESULTADOS: Vinte e dois pacientes (10 M/12 F), com idade média de 29 (variação 10-43) anos, apresentaram tempo mediano de acompanhamento de 11 (variação 1-29) anos. Clorambucil (2-6 mg/dia) foi utilizado em 13 pacientes e ciclosporina A (3-5 mg/kg/dia) em 9 pacientes como droga de primeira escolha. As drogas foram substituídas quando não eficazes ou não toleradas devido a efeitos colaterais. Clorambucil foi eficaz em 78,5% (11/14) e induziu remissão da doença em 43% (6/14) dos pacientes; ciclosporina foi eficaz em 57% (8/14) dos pacientes. Clorambucil e ciclosporina A foram suspensos devido a efeitos colaterais em 21% (leucopenia) e em 57% (nefrotoxicidade, 36% e complicações gastrointestinais, 21%) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Nenhum caso de malignidade foi observado. 36% (16/44) olhos tiveram acuidade visual final <0,1, sendo que 69% (11/16) já apresentavam esta acuidade na primeira consulta. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo reforça dados de literatura que o clorambucil induz remissão da doença de Behçet enquanto a ciclosporina A é efetiva, porém efeitos colaterais limitam o seu uso. A terapia com clorambucil pode ser uma opção a ser considerada em pacientes com uveíte refratária associada à doença de Behçet.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and side effects of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Behçet's disease uveitis. METHODS: A nonrandomized retrospective case-series study analyzed data from 22 patients with Behçet's disease uveitis, from a single Uveitis Service, São Paulo, Brazil (period 1978-2007), under systemic chlorambucil and/or cyclosporine A, for at least 6 months with a minimum one-year follow-up. Drug efficacy was measured by reduction in relapse rate and reduction of prednisone dose. RESULTS: Patients (10M/12F) mean age was 29 (range 10-43) years-old at the onset of uveitis. The median duration of followup was 11 (range 1-29) years-old. Chlorambucil (2-6 mg/day) was used in 13 patients and cyclosporine A (3-5 mg/kg/day) in 9 patients at initiation. Drugs were switched because of no effectiveness or side-effects. Chlorambucil was effective in 78.5% (11/14) and induced disease remission in 43% (6/14) of patients, whereas cyclosporine A was effective in 57% (8/14) of patients. Chlorambucil and cyclosporine A were discontinued due to side effects in 21% (leucopenia) and in 57% of patients (nephrotoxicity, 36% and gastrointestinal complications, 21%), respectively. No case of late malignancy was observed. 36% (16/44) of eyes had final visual acuity <0.1, among which 69% (11/16) had already this visual acuity at the first visit. CONCLUSION: This study reiterates previous data that chlorambucil can induce long-term remission of Behçet's disease uveitis, whereas cyclosporine is effective but side effects limit its use. Chlorambucil therapy may still be a reasonable option in patients with intractable, sight-threatening Behçet's disease uveitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between cardiovascular risk factors and acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease, correlating them with coronary angiographic findings. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 104 patients with previous acute myocardial infarction, who were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of angina prior to acute myocardial infarction. We assessed the presence of angina preceding acute myocardial infarction and risk factors, such as age >55 years, male sex, smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, lipid profile, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and familial history of ischemic heart disease. On coronary angiography, the severity of coronary heart disease and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 104 patients studied, 72.1% were males, 90.4% were white, 73.1% were older than 55 years, and 53.8% were hypertensive. Acute myocardial infarction was the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease in 49% of the patients. The associated risk factors were systemic arterial hypertension (RR=0.19; 95% CI=0.06-0.59; P=0.04) and left ventricular hypertrophy (RR=0.27; 95% CI=0,.8-0.88; P=0.03). The remaining risk factors were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease is high, approximately 50%. Hypertensive individuals more frequently have symptoms preceding acute myocardial infarction, probably due to ventricular hypertrophy associated with high blood pressure levels.