ABSTRACT The method of applying fertiliser to the soil affects grain productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in the arable layer of the soil during the third year of agricultural production, as a function of the method of application. The study took place in the district of Diamantino, Mato Grosso, in an area of soybean-maize succession under minimum tillage. Five treatments were tested in a randomised block design: no phosphorus or potassium (P0-K0); broadcast phosphorus and in-furrow potassium (Pb-Kf); in-furrow phosphorus and potassium (Pf-Kf); in-furrow phosphorus and broadcast potassium (Pf-Kb); broadcast phosphorus and potassium (Pb-Kb). When the soybeans reached physiological maturity, soil samples were collected from the 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m layers for analysis of the pH, and P, K, S and organic matter content. The soil attributes were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and the nutrient dynamics in the soil profile were analysed by regression. The in-furrow application of phosphorus (Pf-Kb and Pf-Kf) improved P availability in the 0-0.05 m layer by 69.12% and 46.54% compared to the Pb-Kb treatment, by 73.93% and 50.71% compared to the Pb-Kf treatment, and by 136.77% and 105.16% compared to the P0-K0 treatment. The in-furrow application of phosphate fertiliser proved to be more effective in terms of phosphorus availability in the soil. The residual effect of broadcasting phosphate fertiliser on phosphorus availability in the soil can be seen from the third year of production onwards.

Abstract Introduction: Seat belt aorta is a rare but often severe complication arising from blunt trauma with compression of the abdominal aorta against vertebrae. Seat belt sign is often present as an ecchymosis across the abdomen. The association with abdominal wall disruption and hollow viscus injury has been named seat belt triad; the presence of Chance fracture is sometimes considered a fourth component. Methods: Using Pubmed and Embase databases we reviewed all articles regarding abdominal seat belt aortic injuries and analysed presentation at admission, concomitant lesions, including presence of seat belt triad, treatment and outcomes. Results: Fifty-two cases were reported, from 1968 to 2019. Twenty-nine males (56%), mean age 43 ± 19 years. Most patients were stable at admission, with 29 (55.8%) presenting acute abdomen, 26 (50%) limb ischemia, 9 (17.3%) hypovolemic shock and 2 (3.8%) late-onset claudication. Seat belt sign was identified in 40 patients (76.9%), seat belt triad in 38 (73.1%) and 22 (42.3%) had Chance fractures, of which only 2 were not associated with seat belt triad. Most patients presented with aortic dissection (90.4%), complicated with pseudoaneurysm (11.5%), contained rupture (7.7%) or uncontained rupture (3.8%); 2 patients presented isolated iliac thrombosis and 3 limb ischemia. All patients required immediate surgical intervention, of which 40 (76.9%) required urgent vascular surgery. Forty-eight patients (92.3%) underwent vascular surgery: 39 open revascularizations and 9 endovascular procedures; three were managed conservatively. Ten patients (19.2%) passed away or died, of which 7 had seat belt triad. No patients needed reinterventions for vascular lesions except one, yet 3 required limb amputation. Most patients with seat belt triad required further visceral and abdominal wall repair. Conclusions: Seat belt aorta and especially seat belt triad are severe complications associated with high morbimortality often requiring surgery and multiple interventions. As patients are usually conscious and stable upon admission, this condition should not be disregarded.

Abstract Introduction: The use of statins in hemodialysis patients is a topic of ongoing research and debate. Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis constitute a large proportion of patients treated in the vascular surgery field. Clinical data of the protective statin effect on this group is scarce and conflicting results exist regarding cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and limb outcomes. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases to understand the relationship between statin effect and cardiovascular, limb outcomes and cerebrovascular outcomes. A narrative review was constructed, based on the obtained literature. Results: Although the use of statins in hemodialysis patients may provide cardiovascular benefits, the optimal dosage and safety profile of these medications in this population remain uncertain. A carefully evaluation of the risks and benefits of statins should be made based on each patient's specific requirements and circumstances. Conclusion: The role of statins for patients with peripheral arterial disease who are on hemodialysis remains unclear. Further analyses should focus on this subgroup of dialysis patients, who are becoming more prevalent on the vascular surgery departments, allowing for an optimized treatment with better patient outcomes.

Abstract Introduction: The descending thoracic aorta (DTA) has been used as inflow mostly as a secondary option for revascularization after either graft failure/infection or other intra-abdominal pathologies contraindicating a standard abdominal aortic approach. The objective of this review is to summarize current evidence on the use of this inflow site for revascularization procedures. Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed, using PubMed and Embase databases. All literature published in English in the last 30 years was considered. The main goal was to assess the feasibility and practicality of implementing this approach in cases of severe and complex aortoiliac lesions. Results: Our review comprised 11 articles. DTA has been used predominately as a secondary option. The 30-day mortality rate was 4% (9/222). Secondary graft patency at 5-years was generally high across all studies. The use of DTA as inflow has been shown to be a safe and effective option for aorto-iliac reconstruction. Conclusion: DTA can be used safely as an inflow for lower-limb revascularization and it remains an important tool in the vascular surgeon's armamentarium.

Resumen: El polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 determina la expresión de la proteína alfa-actinina 3 en la musculatura humana. El genotipo homocigoto XX no logra sintetizar alfa-actinina 3 y se asocia a una menor fuerza muscular que el genotipo RR. Las enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM) generan pérdida acelerada de fuerza muscular, y su relación con el gen ACTN3 no ha sido establecida. Objetivo: Describir las variables de fuerza, resistencia muscular respiratoria y función pulmonar en pacientes con ENM que presentan el polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observational descriptivo. Fueron evaluados 6 sujetos entre 10 y 14 años, con diagnóstico de ENM atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile. Fueron genotipificados con el polimorfismo R577X de ACTN3 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La medición de función pulmonar se realizó con espirometría. La fuerza muscular se evaluó con Presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMax), Presión espiratoria máxima (PEMax) y Fuerza prensil manual (FPM). La resistencia muscular respiratoria fue evaluada mediante tiempo límite (TLim). Resultados: La mediana y percentil 25-75 [Med(p25-p75)] del porcentajes de límite inferior (%Li) para FPM, PIMax y PEMax fue: 36,01 (16,88-53,30)%, 68,88 (41,07-89,59)% y 38,74 (27,74-56,90)% respectivamente. La Med(p25-p75) de TLim fue 299,0 (113,3-356,3) segundos. La genotipificación del polimorfismo R577X de ACTN3: en 2 sujetos fue XX, en 2 RX y en 2 RR. Conclusiones: Los sujetos presentaron alteraciones espirométricas ventilatorias restrictivas y disminución de la fuerza muscular al contrastarlo con los valores de referencia. No se pudo establecer relación con el polimorfismo del gen ACTN3.

Abstract: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism determines the expression of alpha-actinin 3 protein in human muscle. The homozygous XX genotype fails to synthesize alpha-actinin 3 and is associated with lower muscle strength than the RR genotype. Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) generate an accelerated loss of muscle strength, and their relationship with the ACTN3 gene has not been established. Objective: To describe the variables of strength, respiratory muscle endurance, and lung function in patients with NMD who present the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. Patients and Method: Descriptive observational study. Six subjects between 10 and 14 years old, with a diagnosis of NMD, treated at the Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. They were genotyped with the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lung function was measured by spirometry. Muscle strength was evaluated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and grip strength (GS). Respiratory muscle endurance was evaluated by time limit (TLim). Results: The median and 25-75th percentile [Med(p25-p75)] of the lower limit percentages (%Li) for GS, MIP, and MEP were: 36.01% (16.88-53.3o), 68.88% (41.07-89.59), and 38.74% (27.74-56.90), respectively. The Med(p25-p75) of TLim was 299.0 (113.3-356.3) seconds. Regarding the genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, in 2 subjects it was XX, in 2 RX, and in 2 RR. Conclusions: The subjects presented restrictive ventilatory spirometric alterations and decreased muscle strength when compared with the reference values. No relationship could be established with the ACTN3 gene polymorphism.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the intraday disposition effect for each stock trading during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify macroeconomic or financial variables that can explain the effect through an empirical application of ordinary least squares. The study proposes different intraday metrics of disposition effect. We show a high proportion of sellers at bull markets. In March 2020, there is a significant increase in buying and selling trading volume. The results suggest that disposition effect is affected by the Ibovespa return and volatility when the stock prices go up and by the Ibovespa return, when go down.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto disposición intradía para cada negociación de activos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 e identificar variables macroeconómicas o financieras que puedan explicar el efecto a través de una aplicación empírica de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. El estudio propone diferentes métricas intradiarias del efecto disposición. Mostramos una alta proporción de vendedores en mercados alcistas. En marzo de 2020, hay un aumento significativo en el volumen de operaciones de compra y venta. Los resultados sugieren que el efecto disposición es afectado por el rendimiento y la volatilidad del Ibovespa cuando los precios de las acciones suben y por el rendimiento del Ibovespa cuando bajan.

RESUMO Este trabalho busca avaliar a ocorrência do efeito disposição, transação a transação, no mercado brasileiro de ações durante a Pandemia de COVID-19; e identificar variáveis que podem explicar tal efeito através de uma aplicação empírica de mínimos quadrados ordinários. O estudo propõe diferentes métricas de efeito disposição a partir de dados intradiários. A pesquisa identifica uma alta proporção de vendas em momentos de alta e, em março de 2020, verifica-se um aumento significativo de operações de compra e venda no mercado de ações. Os resultados sugerem que o efeito disposição é afetado pelo retorno e pela volatilidade do Ibovespa, em altas, e pelo retorno do Ibovespa, em quedas.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

The São Luís Island, Maranhão State, is an ecotonal region, a mix of humid forest, cocais forest, dune vegetation, restingas and mangroves. Unlike the interior of the State, their coastal areas have a gap in knowledge of the Passifloraceae. Here, through field expeditions and herbaria visit, we provide taxonomic treatment, identification key and comments on the Passifloraceae of the São Luís Island. Ten species were recorded: Passiflora auriculata Kunth, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., P. glandulosa Cav., P. laurifolia L., P. misera Kunth, P. nitida Kunth, P. picturata Ker Gawl., P. subrotunda Mast., and P. vespertilio L. Passiflora picturata and P. misera were recorded for the first time on São Luís Island.

A Ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, configura-se como uma região ecotonal, um misto de floresta úmida, mata-de-cocais, vegetação de dunas, restingas e manguezais. Diferentemente do interior do Estado do Maranhão, suas zonas costeiras possuem uma lacuna sobre o conhecimento da família Passifloraceae. Aqui, por meio de expedições de campo e consulta a herbários, nós fornecemos o tratamento taxonômico, chave de identificação e comentários sobre as Passifloraceae da Ilha de São Luís. Foram registradas dez espécies: Passiflora auriculata Kunth, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., P. glandulosa Cav., P. laurifolia L., P. misera Kunth, P. nitida Kunth, P. picturata Ker Gawl., P. subrotunda Mast. e P. vespertilio L. As espécies P. picturata e P. misera foram registradas pela primeira vez na Ilha de São Luís.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 redujo la actividad física diaria en la población pediátrica, con efectos deletéreos sobre la antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y control metabólico. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de un protocolo de ejercicio en escolares y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad sobre la antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y control metabólico, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Pacientes y Método: 24 pacientes divididos en subgrupos de 1 (12S, n = 10) y 2 sesiones semanales (24S, n = 14). Previo y posterior a la ejecución del plan de ejercicio concurrente se evaluó antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y exámenes bioquímicos metabólicos. Estadígrafos utilizados: ANOVA de dos vías, prueba de Kruskall-Wallis y test post hoc de Fisher. Resultados: Sólo el ejercicio bisemanal mejoró significativamente los parámetros antropométricos (IMC-z, circunferencia de cintura y razón cintura estatura). Las pruebas de función muscular (flexo-extensión de codos, salto largo a pies juntos, plancha prona) mejoraron en ambos grupos, al igual que la capacidad aeróbica, medida como VO2máximo y distancia recorrida en Shuttle 20 m run test. El índice HOMA sólo mejoró con el ejercicio bisemanal, sin cambios en perfil lipídico en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusión: Escolares y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad mejoraron sus parámetros de función muscular y capacidad aeróbica tras 12 semanas de un programa de ejercicios concurrentes. El entrenamiento bisemanal mejora adicionalmente la antropometría e insulino-resistencia.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced daily physical activity in the pediatric population, with deleterious effects on anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic control. Objective: Determine the changes in anthropometry, aerobic capacity, muscle function, and metabolic control of a 12-week concurrent training protocol in overweight and obese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Method: 24 patients participated and were divided into groups once a week (12S; n = 10) and twice a week (24S; n = 14). Anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic biochemical tests were evaluated before and after the application of the concurrent training plan. Two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher’s post hoc test were used. Results: Only the twice times week training improved the anthropometrics parameters (BMI - z, waist circumference and waist to height ratio). The muscle function tests (push up, standing broad jump and prone plank), improved in both groups such as the aerobic capacity measured by VO2maximo and the runned distance in Shuttle 20m run test. The HOMA index only improved with twice times week training without changes in lipid profile in both groups. Conclusions: The 12S and 24S groups improved aerobic capacity and muscular function. Only the 24S improved anthropometric parameters and the HOMA index.

Abstract Introduction: Recently published studies on peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) have revealed marked sex disparities in patient selection and treatment outcomes. In a recent retrospective study with data from 11 different countries, Portugal was highlighted as one of the countries with greater sex discrepancies related to PAOD treatment. We aimed to analyze sex specific differences in the treatment of symptomatic PAOD, concerning different variables, in a single hospital center, in Portugal. Methods: Data on treatment of symptomatic PAOD patients from October 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2021, were retrospectively collected from clinical registries from a single hospital center in Portugal. Different variables and post-operative outcomes were analyzed dichotomized by sex, with descriptive statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software v28. Results: A total of 220 patients, 15,9% female and 84,1% male, were treated for PAOD, in the selected period, in a hospital center from Portugal. Female patients were older (mean age of 73.8 years versus 69.5 years in male); were less likely to be treated for intermittent claudication (3% versus 6% of men); more often treated at a more advanced stage of the disease with trophic lesions (91% versus 74% of men); more likely to be offered primary major amputation (14% versus 3% of male patients); less likely to be taking statins as part of PAOD medical management (65.7% versus 77.8% of male); and had a higher 90-day mortality rate (17.1% versus 6.5% in men). They were also more frequently treated with endovascular procedures (40%) than with OSR (26%). Conclusion: Remarkable sex discrepancies in the treatment of PAOD were found in our hospital center. This study brings awareness to the scientific medical community for sex disparities in the management of patients with PAOD.

Abstract This study investigates the disposition effect with regard to Brazilian investors, with focus on the year 2020. The database is composed by more than 12,000 trades by 274 investors. We follow the method of Odean (1998) to estimate the proportions of gains and losses realized and test the null hypothesis of equality of these proportions in each portfolio. The results suggest that Brazilian investors behave in line with the disposition effect. They sell winning stocks too early and hold losing stocks too long. A stock that is gaining value is more likely to be sold from day to day compared to a stock that is losing value. The disposition effect was not found in March, which suggests that investors employed a loss-limit during periods of market stress, no matter if the stock went up or down.

Resumo Este trabalho investiga a presença do efeito disposição em investidores brasileiros no ano de 2020. A base de dados compreende 274 investidores distintos que, em conjunto, realizaram mais de 12 mil transações. Aplica-se a metodologia utilizada por Odean (1998). A partir das carteiras de investimento de cada indivíduo, estima-se a proporção de ganhos e de perdas realizadas e testa-se a hipótese de igualdade dessas proporções. O estudo identificou que os investidores brasileiros estão propícios à influência dessa anomalia comportamental nas suas decisões, ou seja, vendem seus investimentos com ganhos mais rapidamente e mantêm seus investimentos perdedores por mais tempo e que uma posição com lucro possui mais chance de ser vendida do que uma posição com prejuízo. Os resultados não indicam efeito disposição no mês de março, e isso sugere que, em momentos de maior incerteza, investidores buscam limitar perdas, independentemente do lucro ou prejuízo auferido com o ativo.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 redujo la actividad física diaria en la población pediátrica, con efectos deletéreos sobre la antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y control metabólico. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de un protocolo de ejercicio en escolares y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad sobre la antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y control metabólico, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Pacientes y Método: 24 pacientes divididos en subgrupos de 1 (12S, n = 10) y 2 sesiones semanales (24S, n = 14). Previo y posterior a la ejecución del plan de ejercicio concurrente se evaluó antropometría, función muscular, capacidad aeróbica y exámenes bioquímicos metabólicos. Estadígrafos utilizados: ANOVA de dos vías, prueba de Kruskall-Wallis y test post hoc de Fisher. Resultados: Sólo el ejercicio bisemanal mejoró significativamente los parámetros antropométricos (IMC-z, circunferencia de cintura y razón cintura estatura). Las pruebas de función muscular (flexo-extensión de codos, salto largo a pies juntos, plancha prona) mejoraron en ambos grupos, al igual que la capacidad aeróbica, medida como VO2máximo y distancia recorrida en Shuttle 20 m run test. El índice HOMA sólo mejoró con el ejercicio bisemanal, sin cambios en perfil lipídico en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusión: Escolares y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad mejoraron sus parámetros de función muscular y capacidad aeróbica tras 12 semanas de un programa de ejercicios concurrentes. El entrenamiento bisemanal mejora adicionalmente la antropometría e insulino-resistencia.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced daily physical activity in the pediatric population, with deleterious effects on anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic control. Objective: Determine the changes in anthropometry, aerobic capacity, muscle function, and metabolic control of a 12-week concurrent training protocol in overweight and obese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Method: 24 patients participated and were divided into groups once a week (12S; n = 10) and twice a week (24S; n = 14). Anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic biochemical tests were evaluated before and after the application of the concurrent training plan. Two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher’s post hoc test were used. Results: Only the twice times week training improved the anthropometrics parameters (BMI - z, waist circumference and waist to height ratio). The muscle function tests (push up, standing broad jump and prone plank), improved in both groups such as the aerobic capacity measured by VO2maximo and the runned distance in Shuttle 20m run test. The HOMA index only improved with twice times week training without changes in lipid profile in both groups. Conclusions: The 12S and 24S groups improved aerobic capacity and muscular function. Only the 24S improved anthropometric parameters and the HOMA index.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to discuss the challenges faced by teachers of Youth and Adult Education (YAE) in the municipality of João Pessoa/PB, to teach the elderly during the covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative method was adopted and information was collected with 10 teachers through a questionnaire in Google Forms virtual format. They were examined with the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The results revealed the difficulties that teachers face in dealing with remote teaching, especially with the elderly, since this portion of the population has its own technological deficiencies and is not used to this teaching format.

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou discutir os desafios enfrentados pelos docentes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), do município de João Pessoa/PB, para ensinar idosos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Adotou-se o método qualitativo e coletou-se informações, através do uso de questionário no formato virtual do Google Forms, de 10 professores. Eles foram examinados a partir da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD). Os resultados revelaram as dificuldades que os professores enfrentam em lidar com o ensino remoto, sobretudo com idosos, uma vez que tal parcela populacional possui suas deficiências tecnológicas e não está acostumada com esse formato de ensino.

Abstract Background Studies show that among the drugs most commonly used in judicial litigation in Brazil, are those used to treat diabetes mellitus, especially insulin analogues. Objective Evaluate the use of the Unified Health System (SUS) by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), who receive insulin analogues through judicial action, before and after this process. Method In a retrospective longitudinal observational study, secondary data was used from these patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2018. Socio-demographic information was collected and related to the follow-up of these patients in the SUS. The McNemar χ2 test was used to compare the proportions of the variables. Results Of the 89 patients analyzed, women (53.9%) were predominant. Most patients were aged between 20 and 39 years (52.8%), and more than half, 55.1%, use only a private health system. After the judicial action, there was a significant increase (p <0.05) in the number of patients who had consultations in primary health care (from 19.1% to 30.3%) and emergency medical appointments (from 1.1% to 9.0%). Conclusion It is observed that the majority of patients with T1DM via judicial action in the SUS are not monitored by this health system through examinations, consultations, and hospitalizations.

Resumo Introdução Estudos mostram que, dentre os medicamentos mais adquiridos via ação judicial, estão os utilizados para o tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus, especialmente os análogos de insulina. Objetivo Avaliar a utilização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) pelos pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), que recebem insulina por meio de judicialização, antes e após este processo. Método Em um estudo observacional longitudinal retrospectivo, foram utilizados dados secundários de pacientes com DM1, que adquiriram insulinas por processos judiciais em Divinópolis-MG, Brasil, em 2018. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas e referentes ao acompanhamento destes pacientes no SUS Realizou-se o teste χ2 de McNemar para a comparação das proporções das variáveis utilizadas para a avaliação do acompanhamento antes e após a judicialização. Resultados Dos 89 pacientes analisados, predominou-se o sexo feminino (53,9%), com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (52,8%). 55,1% destes utilizam apenas o sistema privado de saúde. Após a judicialização, houve um aumento significativo (p< 0,05) no número de pacientes que realizaram consultas na atenção primária à saúde (de 19,1% para 30,3%) e consultas médicas de emergência (de 1,1% para 9,0%). Conclusão A maioria dos pacientes com DM1 que judicializam medicamentos no SUS não são acompanhados por este sistema de saúde através de realização de exames, consultas e hospitalizações.