ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to characterize the histo-anatomical pattern and degradability and to determine the secondary compounds of maniçoba in the different accessions and maturation stages (young, mature and senescent). For the research, three accessions were selected (AC002, AC004 and AC038) from the municipalities of Barra de Santa Rosa, Monteiro and Boa Vista, respectively, which showed distinct genetic characteristics, such as morphological and agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and hydrocyanic acid content. The leaf blades showed a cuticle that covers the entire epidermis, with papillose cells in the abaxial region and in a tabular shape in the adaxial region. The cells on the abaxial side are thinner than on the adaxial side. In the phytochemical screening of maniçoba leaves, the presence of steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins was observed. The leaves of maniçoba (Manihot ssp.) showed absence of alkaloids in all stages and accessions evaluated. All accessions evaluated showed positivity for the presence of steroids, with superiority in accession 04 in all stages, while for the other accessions it decreased with the maturation of the plant, especially in accession 02. The presence and concentration of secondary metabolites vary between accessions and maturation stages.

RESUMO Os objetivos com este trabalho foram caracterizar o padrão histo-anatômico e a degradabilidade e determinar os compostos secundários da maniçoba nos diferentes acessos e estádios de maturação (jovem, maduro e senescente). Para a pesquisa foram selecionados três acessos (AC002, AC004 e AC038) dos municípios de Barra de Santa Rosa, Monteiro e Boa Vista, respectivamente, que apresentaram características genéticas distintas, como características morfológicas e agronômicas, composição química e teor de ácido cianídrico. As lâminas foliares apresentaram cutícula que recobre toda a epiderme, com células papilosas na região abaxial e em formato tabular na região adaxial. As células na face abaxial são mais finas do que na face adaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica das folhas de maniçoba, observou-se a presença de esteroides, taninos, flavonoides e saponinas. As folhas de maniçoba (Manihot ssp.) apresentaram ausência de alcalóides em todos os estádios e acessos avaliados. Todos os acessos avaliados apresentaram positividade para presença de esteróides, com superioridade no acesso 04 em todos os estádios, enquanto para os demais acessos a presença diminuiu com a maturação da planta, principalmente no acesso 02. A presença e concentração de metabólitos secundários variam entre acessos e estádios de maturação.

For confined animals, performance is improved when their diet is supplemented with a mineral mixture and protein energy. This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation on feedlot sheep on native pasture. Two experiments were conducted in sequence, with the animals constrained in one and animals confined to pasture in the other. The experiments were conducted with 32 Santa Ines lambs, with average initial weights of 16.8 and 19.9 kg for the constrained and pasture studies, respectively. In both experiments, the animals were offered the following supplements: Supplement 1 = 200 g of the concentrate without mineral mixture; Supplement 2 = 200 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Mn + Zn; Supplement 3 = 300 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Mn+Zn; and Supplement 4: 300 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Zn without Mn. The intake of the mineral mixture resulted in a higher average intake of crude protein in feedlot lambs and neutral detergent fiber in pasture lambs than the other diets, regardless of the presence of manganese and thus provided more consistent weight gain among the animals. The mineral mixture supplementation increased the average daily intake of Zn and Mn. The animals on the diets containing 300 g day-1 supplementation with the concentrated mineral mixture also had more weight gain and better feed conversion than those on the other diets, most likely because of the greater responsiveness to supplementation in these animals.

La suplementación con una mezcla de minerales y energía de proteína proporciona un mejor rendimiento en los animales confinados. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de estrategias suplementarias de corderos. Se realizaron dos experimentos en secuencia, utilizando 32 animales de Santa Inés, con un peso inicial promedio de 16.8 kg en estabulación y 19.9 kg régimen de pastoreo. En ambos experimentos se ofrecieron: Suplemento 1 = 200 g de concentrado sin mezcla mineral; Suplemento 2 = 200 g de concentrado + mezcla mineral + Mn + Zn; Suplemento 3 = 300 g de concentrado + mezcla mineral + Mn + Zn; Suplemento 4: 300 g de concentrado + mezcla mineral + Zn sin Mn. La mezcla de minerales tuvo una mayor ingesta media de proteína bruta en comparación con otras dietas, en la estabulación y fibra en pastoreo, independientemente de la presencia de manganeso, proporcionando de este modo la ganancia de peso más consistente entre los animales. La administración de suplementos de mezcla mineral aumentó la ingesta diaria de Zn y Mn. Los animales sometidos a dietas que contienen la suplementación con 300 g día-1 con la mezcla de mineral concentrado también tuvieron aumento de peso y mejor conversión del alimento que los de las otras dietas, muy probablemente, debido a la mayor capacidad de respuesta a la suplementación de estos animales.

O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em avaliar as medidas biométricas e as características de carcaça e cortes comerciais de 24 cordeiros Santa Inês inteiros, terminados em pastagem natural com diferentes suplementos. Os animais foram distribuídos por quatro dietas experimentais: 200g/dia do suplemento proteico-energético mais cloreto de sódio; 200 g/dia do suplemento proteico-energético-mineral; 300g/dia do suplemento proteico-energético-mineral e 300 g/dia do suplemento proteico-energético-mineral sem manganês. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os suplementos não influenciaram as medidas biométricas, a condição corporal, o peso ao abate, a perda por resfriamento, o peso da meia carcaça, os rendimentos de carcaça quente, carcaça fria e biológica e o peso dos cortes comerciais dos cordeiros Santa Inês. O peso de carcaça quente e fria, da carcaça vazia, do conteúdo gastrintestinal e da perna dos cordeiros suplementados com 300 g/dia sem manganês foram superiores aos obtidos pelos cordeiros que receberam 200 g/dia de suplemento. Os sistemas de suplementação proteico-energético mineral avaliados foram eficientes na obtenção de carcaças, sendo recomendada o acabamento de ovinos Santa Inês em pastagem natural com peso inicial em torno de 19,9 kg e o abate aos 200 dias de idade.

This study aimed to evaluate the biometric measurements and characteristics of the carcass and retail cuts of 24 Santa Inês whole lambs finished in native pasture with different supplements. The animals were divided into four experimental diets: 200 g/day of a protein-energy supplement plus sodium chloride; 200 g/day of the protein-energy-mineral supplement; 300 g/day of the protein-energy-mineral supplement and 300 g/day of the protein-energy-min supplement without manganese. A complete randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replications was used. The supplements did not influence the biometric measurements, body score, slaughter weight, loss by cooling, weight of the half carcass, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield or the biological yield and weight of retail cuts from the Santa Inês lambs. The weights of hot and cold carcass, empty body, gastrointestinal-tract contents and leg of the lambs that received 300 g/day of supplement without manganese were higher than those of lambs that received 200 g/day of supplement. The energetic protein-mineral supplementation systems evaluated were effective in obtaining quality carcasses under finishing recommendations of Santa Inês sheep on native pasture with an initial weight of approximately 19.9 kg and slaughtered at 200 days old.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar o efeito do ambiente térmico e de diferentes níveis de suplementação sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos Moxotó, criados em confinamento no semi-árido nordestino. Utilizaram-se 16 animais machos, que receberam duas dietas compostas de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica), feno de maniçoba (Manihot glaziowii) e dois níveis de suplementação (0,5 e 1,5% do peso vivo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em regime de subparcelas, com 2 tratamentos e 8 repetições. No interior do aprisco os índices de conforto ambiental ficaram elevados a partir das 11 h e, no período da tarde, esses índices ficaram acima do ideal para os animais, ou seja, fora da zona de conforto térmico, porém, os caprinos da raça Moxotó conseguiram manter a temperatura retal dentro dos limites normais; entretanto, com aumento dos batimentos cardíacos. Ocorreu aumento da freqüência respiratória como uma forma de dissipação de calor para manter a homeotermia. Uma percentagem maior de suplementação provocou aumento da temperatura retal.

This research was carried out to determine the effect of thermal ambient and feed supplementation levels on physiological parameters of Moxotó goats in confinement in the northeastern semi-arid. Sixteen males were used, which were fed with two diets composed of forage cactus, 'maniçoba' (Manihot glaziowii) hay and two supplementation levels (0.5 and 1.5% of live weight) with 18% of crude protein. A completely randomized design was used in sub-plots with two treatments and eight replicates. Inside the housing the ambient comfort parameters were high starting from 11 am, but during the afternoon period they were characterized as thermally uncomfortable. However, Moxotó goats had their rectal temperature maintained inside the normal limits with an increase of heart beat. An increase of respiratory frequency occurred as a form of heat dissipation to maintain homoeothermical conditions. A larger percentage of supplementation increased the rectal temperature.