CONTEXTO: Parasitas intestinais podem induzir alterações histopatológicas, que têm sido estudadas em subgrupos com diagnóstico firmado de parasitose. Não há estudo disponível com base mais ampla, sem diagnóstico prévio. OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados clínicos e histopatológicos de parasitoses diagnosticadas por biopsia em pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta. MÉTODO: Laudos de biopsias realizadas de janeiro de 1995 a janeiro de 2009, no Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgar Santos, hospital geral universitário localizado no nordeste brasileiro, foram revisados. Mil e dez laudos de biopsia duodenal foram revistos. Biopsias positivas para parasitas tiveram suas lâminas revisadas e fotografadas. Todos os blocos de biopsia selecionados como casos foram recuperados e revisados por experiente patologista. Dados clínicos, laboratoriais e endoscópicos foram coletados. RESULTADOS: Onze biopsias mostraram parasitas, incluindo casos de Cryptosporidium sp. e Strongyloides stercoralis. Vômitos (91%), dor abdominal (78%), diarreia (78%) e perda ponderal (78%) foram sintomas comuns. Setenta e cinco por cento apresentaram alterações na mucosa duodenal à endoscopia, enquanto 25% não apresentaram modificações. Anemia e hipoalbuminemia foram importantes dados laboratoriais. Foi observada associação com infecção pelo HIV. Atrofia de vilosidades e epitélio reativo foram comuns nos casos de S. stercoralis. CONCLUSÕES: Nenhum achado endoscópico ou histopatológico foi patognomônico. Um por cento das biopsias duodenais por via endoscópica mostraram parasitas.

CONTEXT: Intestinal parasites induce detectable histopathological changes, which have been studied in groups with known diagnosis of parasitic disease. There is no available study with a larger base without previous diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and histopathological findings of parasitosis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy in patients submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. METHODS: Recorded biopsies archive at "Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgar Santos" , a general teaching Hospital in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, from January 1995 to January 2009, were reviewed. One thousand ten duodenal biopsy reports were found. Reports positive for parasites had their specimens reviewed and photographed. All blocks of biopsy selected as case were retrieved and reviewed by an experienced pathologist. Clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic data were collected. RESULTS: Eleven biopsies showed parasites, including cases of Cryptosporidium sp. and Strongyloides stercoralis. Vomiting (91%), abdominal pain (78%), diarrhea (78%) and weight loss (78%) were usual symptoms. Seventy-five percent had duodenal mucosa changes on endoscopy, while 25% have no changes. Anemia and low serum albumin were important laboratorial data. HIV infection association was observed. Villus atrophy and reactive epithelium were usual in Strongyloides cases. CONCLUSIONS: No endoscopic or histopathologic finding was pathognomonic. One percent of duodenal endoscopic biopsies showed parasites.

Cryoglobulinemia and non-organ-specific-autoantibody are biomarkers of autoimmunity of the chronic infection caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this work, we report the association between the presence of smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and cryoglobulinemia and chronic liver disease in HCV carriers. Sixty-five untreated HCV patients, 38 women and 27 men were included in this study. Cryoglobulinemia was tested by cryoprecipitation, SMA by indirect fluorescent antibody test, and liver fibrosis and hepatocellular inflammation activity was investigated by histology of liver biopsy using the METAVIR score. The prevalence of SMA in the patients was 33.8% and cryoglobulinemia was demonstrated in 36.9% patients. Cryoglobulinemia and SMA seropositivity was associated with advanced fibrosis (p < 0.05). The presence of SMA and cryoglobulinemia was not associated with hepatocellular inflammation activity, age, carrier gender or HCV genotype. We concluded that liver biopsy should be recommended for HCV carriers that are seropositive for SMA or cryoglobulinemia.

A presente pesquisa apresenta um panorama da Psicologia Escolar em escolas públicas e privadas de Vitória. Foram entrevistados 34 sujeitos, todos de escolas diferentes, sendo quatro psicólogos e 30 outros profissionais de educação. Constatou-se que os poucos psicólogos atuantes não possuíam vínculo empregatício com as escolas e relatavam insatisfação com o trabalho. Os demais profissionais afirmaram que o psicólogo na escola deve trabalhar com os relacionamentos entre alunos, pais e professores. A maioria dos sujeitos considerou o trabalho do psicólogo na escola importante, ainda que, naquelas que não possuíam serviço de psicologia, outros profissionais acabavam por "fazer o papel" do psicólogo.

This research presents a panorama of the Educational Psychology services in public and private schools in Vitoria. Four psychologists and thirty other professionals that worked in different schools were interviewed. The psychologists that were working in the schools did not have official employee links. They frequently complained about the job they did in the schools. The majority answered that educational psychologists should work with the relationship between students, teachers and parents. They considered that it was important to have a psychologist in the school. Even in the schools that did not have a psychologist, others professionals often "play the role" of the psychologist.