Resumen El mejoramiento genético de los cultivares de soja a lo largo de los años se ha centrado en aumentar la capacidad productiva y la tolerancia a algunos factores abióticos y bióticos. Sin embargo, durante la transferencia de genes de interés, algunos genes responsables de una menor tolerancia a los herbicidas pueden integrarse en el genoma del nuevo cultivar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la selectividad de las asociaciones de herbicidas apli cadas en la post-emergencia de tres cultivares de soja. El diseño experimental utilizado fue un bloque completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los cultivares seleccionados fueron M7110 IPRO®, Foco IPRO® y Bônus IPRO®. Los herbicidas y las respectivas dosis (g a.i. ha-1) utilizados fueron: glyphosate (1176), glyphosate + bentazon (1176 + 600), glyphosate + fomesafen (1176 + 175), glyphosate + lactofen (1176 + 120), glyphosate + imazethapyr (1176 + 100), glyphosate + chlorimuron (1176 + 10), glyphosate + cloransulam (1176 + 39,5), y un control sin aplicación de herbicida. Se hizo una nota visual de intoxicación para cada tratamiento. Los componentes de crecimiento y rendimiento evaluados fueron: altura, rodal, peso de cien granos y rendimiento. La aplicación de herbicidas en post-emergencia no alteró la masa vegetal de los cultivares de soja. Además, estos herbicidas no redujeron el rendimiento de los cultivares M7110 IPRO® y Foco IPRO®. Tanto el glifosato aislado como mezclado con lactofen o imazethapyr redujeron el rendimiento del cultivar Bônus IPRO®.

Abstract The genetic improvement of soybean cultivars over the years has focused on increasing the yield potential and tolerance to some abiotic and biotic factors. However, during the transfer of genes of interest, some genes responsible for a lower tolerance to herbicides can be integrated into the genome of the new cultivar. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicide associations applied in the postemergence period of three soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized completely block design, with four replications. The selected cultivars were M7110 IPRO®, Foco IPRO®, and Bônus IPRO®. The herbicides and the respective doses (g a.i. ha-1) used were glyphosate (1176), glyphosate + bentazon (1176 + 600), glyphosate + fomesafen (1176 + 175), glyphosate + lactofen (1176 + 120), glyphosate + imazethapyr (1176 + 100), glyphosate + chlorimuron (1176 + 10), glyphosate + cloransulam (1176 + 39.5), and a control without herbicide application. The visual note of intoxication was evaluated for each treatment. The components of growth and yield evaluated were height, stand, weight of one hundred grains, and yield. The application of postherbicide herbicides did not alter the plant stands of soybean cultivars. Additionally, these herbicides did not reduce the yield of the M7110 IPRO® and Foco IPRO® cultivars. Glyphosate isolated and in association with lactofen or imazethapyr reduced the grain yield of the Bônus IPRO® cultivar.

The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a computerized device to measure joint flexibility; to measure flexibility in children in elementary school aged 8 to 10 years using the Wells bank; to compare the data obtained by the Wells bank and the computerized device developed in the present study and evaluate the usability of the device. 215 volunteers participated in this research, aged between 8 and 10 years, 63.72% (137) were female and 36.28% (78) were male, duly enrolled in an educational institution in the Alto Tietê region. For data collection, the volunteers performed the flexibility test using the Wells bank and the computerized device developed in this research to assess flexibility. The computerized device it was made on a 3D printing technology printer. A usability evaluation was carried out with 15 Physical Education teachers for the product developed through a usability questionnaire based on the System Usability Scale (SUS) form, which contains 10 multiple-choice questions. The data obtained by the objective measures determined were evaluated in terms of frequency, mean and standard deviation. The arithmetic means of the three measurements performed at each stage were calculated. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman's correlation were performed for the investigation. For all analyses, significant differences were considered plt;0.05. It is concluded that the computerized device to measure joint flexibility is capable of evaluating the range of motion in degrees, and was qualified as easy to handle by professionals in the field of physical education.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar y validar un dispositivo computarizado para medir la flexibilidad articular; medir la flexibilidad en niños en la escuela primaria de 8 a 10 años a través del banco Wells; comparar los datos obtenidos por la base de datos Wells y el dispositivo computarizado desarrollado en el presente estudio y evaluar la usabilidad del dispositivo. Un total de 215 voluntarios participaron en esta investigación, con edades de 8 a 10 años, 63,72% (137) mujeres y 36,28% (78) hombres, debidamente matriculados en una institución educativa de la región del Alto Tietê. Para la recolección de datos, los voluntarios realizaron la prueba de flexibilidad utilizando la base de datos Wells y el dispositivo computarizado desarrollado en esta investigación para evaluar la flexibilidad. El dispositivo fue hecho de una impresora de tecnología de impresión 3D. Se realizó una evaluación de usabilidad con 15 profesores de Educación Física para el producto desarrollado a través del cuestionario de usabilidad basado en el formulario System Usability Scale (SUS) que contiene 10 preguntas de opción múltiple. Los datos obtenidos por las mediciones objetivas determinadas fueron evaluados para la frecuencia, media y desviación estándar. Se calcularon las medias aritméticas de las tres mediciones realizadas en cada etapa. Las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis y la correlación de Spearman se realizaron para la investigación. Para todos los análisis, se consideraron diferencias significativas plt;0,05. Se concluye que el dispositivo computarizado para medir la flexibilidad articular es capaz de evaluar el rango de movimiento en grados, y fue calificado fácil de manejar por profesionales de la educación física.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver e validar um dispositivo computadorizado para mensurar a flexibilidade articular; mensurar a flexibilidade em crianças no ensino fundamental de 8 a 10 anos por meio do banco de Wells; comparar os dados alcançados pelo banco de Wells e o dispositivo computadorizado desenvolvido no presente estudo e avaliar a usabilidade do dispositivo. Participaram desta pesquisa 215 voluntários, com idade de 8 a 10 anos, sendo 63,72% (137) do sexo feminino e 36,28% (78) do sexo masculino, devidamente matriculados em uma instituição de ensino na região do Alto Tietê. Para coleta de dados, os voluntários realizaram o teste de flexibilidade utilizando o banco de Wells e o dispositivo computadorizado desenvolvido nessa pesquisa para avaliar a flexibilidade.O dispositivo foi confeccionado numa impressora de tecnologia de impressão 3D. Foi realizada uma avaliação da usabilidade com 15 professores de Educação Física para o produto desenvolvido através da interação de usabilidade baseada no formulário System Sustainability Scale (SUS) que contém 10 questões de múltipla-escolha. Os dados obtidos por medidas objetivas determinadas foram avaliadas quanto à frequência, média e desvio padrão. Foram seguidas como médias aritméticas das três medidas realizadas em cada etapa. Para investigar realizou-se os testes de Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis e a tradução de Spearman. Para todas as análises foram consideradas diferenças significativas plt;0,05.Conclui-se que o dispositivo computadorizado para medir a flexibilidade articular é capaz de avaliar em graus a amplitude de movimento,

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar rótulos de alimentos direcionados ao público infantil e identificar a presença concomitante de alegações e de altos teores de nutrientes críticos e/ou presença de adoçantes. Como objetivo secundário, listar os diferentes tipos de alegações e verificar quais estratégias de marketing são mais utilizadas. Métodos: Foram coletados 409 produtos provenientes das oito categorias de alimentos mais populares entre crianças brasileiras (bebidas à base de frutas, bebidas lácteas, biscoitos recheados, bolos, cereais matinais, gelatinas, salgadinhos de milho e iogurtes). Foram calculados os teores de nutrientes críticos (açúcares, gorduras totais, saturadas e trans e sódio) e presença/ausência de adoçante, considerando-se os parâmetros da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS). Em seguida, verificamos a presença e os tipos de alegações nesses produtos. Resultados: No total, 265 (64,7%) rótulos apresentaram alegações. Em três das oito categorias (cereais matinais, bebidas lácteas e iogurtes), todos os produtos com alegações (50, 34 e 34 produtos, respectivamente) continham um ou mais nutrientes em concentrações prejudiciais (nutrientes críticos acima do preconizado pela OPAS e/ou presença de edulcorantes). Nas demais categorias, apenas um produto (de 63 biscoitos recheados e 26 cereais matinais com alegação) e três (de 22 bolos e 28 gelatinas com alegação) não apresentavam nutrientes em concentração crítica. A presença de alegações, como “rico” ou “fonte” de micronutriente, foi predominante em sete dos oito grupos de alimentos. Conclusões: Observou-se alta presença de alegações, de diferentes tipos, em alimentos destinados a crianças, que, em sua maioria, também possuem excesso de pelo menos um nutriente crítico, de acordo com a OPAS.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate food labels targeted at children and identify the concomitant presence of claims and high levels of critical nutrients and/or the presence of sweeteners. As a secondary objective, it aimed to list different types of claims and check which marketing strategies are most used. Methods: We collected 409 products, from 8 popular food groups targeted at children, in Brazilian market (i.e., fruit drinks, dairy drinks, sandwich cookies, cakes, breakfast cereals, jellies, corn snacks, and yogurts). The contents of critical nutrients (e.g., sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and trans-fat, and sodium) and presence/absence of sweetener were calculated, considering Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) parameters. Then, we verified the presence and types of claims in these products. Results: Overall, 265 (64.7%) labels presented claims. In three of the eight categories (i.e., breakfast cereals, dairy drinks, and yogurt), all products with claims (50, 34, and 34 products, respectively) had one or more nutrients in harmful concentrations (critical nutrients above PAHO’s nutritional profile and/or presence of sweeteners). In the other categories, only one product (of 63 sandwich cookies and 26 breakfast cereals with claims) and three products (of 22 cakes and 28 jellies with claims) had no nutrient in critical concentration. The presence of claims, like “rich/source” of micronutrient, was predominant in seven of the eight food groups. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high presence of claims, of different types, in foods targeted at children, which, for the most part, also have excess of at least one critical nutrient, according to PAHO.

ABSTRACT Soil compaction negatively impacts soil physical functions, affecting root growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate different soybean cultivars’ agronomic and physiological performance as a function of compaction in Rhodic Ferralsol under no-tillage (NT) with a clay loam texture in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The experiment was implemented in Rio Verde, Goias state, central Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a 3x2 factorial scheme with six replications. The first factor corresponded to three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups (MG) identified as super-early (MG = 6.2); early (MG = 6.8), and medium (MG = 7.9). The second factor was the cultivation in compacted and uncompacted soil. The experiment evaluated the soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity, water content at matric potential -6 kPa, aeration capacity and water and air holding capacity in 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers, agronomic and physiological traits (gas exchange). Soil compaction negatively affected the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, with better performance of the medium cycle cultivar. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced up to 50% under compaction and were not influenced by cultivars. Our findings suggest that soil compaction negatively affected the performance of soybean cultivars with lower maturity groups reflecting in lower plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number of pods and grain yield. The choice of soybean cultivars with a longer cycle can be an alternative to minimize the adverse effects of soil compaction.

Resumo Este ensaio reflete as condicionantes do poder em uma sociedade marcada pela emergência do conservadorismo que põe em risco a dignidade e os direitos humanos conquistados no período pós-ditadura militar brasileira. A partir do pensamento de autores críticos, tecemos considerações sobre como enfrentar essa nova configuração social e garantir a proteção dos direitos humanos. Para tanto, pensar o papel da universidade numa perspectiva praxiológica de ação política comprometida com a mudança social pressupõem buscar alternativas, saídas psicopolíticas, para uma sociedade capitalista submergida numa crise civilizatória. Como parte dessa análise, abordamos casos como o do assassinato de Marielle Franco, decorrente do avanço do conservadorismo e da violência política que o acompanha. pósditadura pós ditadura brasileira críticos tanto alternativas psicopolíticas civilizatória análise Franco acompanha

Resumen Este ensayo reflexiona sobre las condiciones del poder en una sociedad marcada por el surgimiento de un conservadurismo que pone en peligro la dignidad y los derechos humanos conquistados en el período de la dictadura militar brasileña. A partir del pensamiento de autores críticos se hacen consideraciones sobre cómo afrontar esta nueva configuración social y garantizar la protección de los derechos humanos. Para ello, pensar el papel de la universidad en una perspectiva praxeológica de acción política comprometida con el cambio social presupone la búsqueda de alternativas y de salidas psicopolíticas para una sociedad capitalista inmersa en una crisis civilizatoria. En este análisis se abordan casos como el asesinato de Marielle Franco como consecuencia del avance del conservadurismo y la violencia política que lo acompaña. brasileña ello civilizatoria acompaña

Abstract This essay reflects on the conditions of power in a society marked by the emergence of conservatism that puts at risk the dignity and human rights achieved in the post-military dictatorship period in Brazil. Based on the thought of critical authors, we make considerations about how to face this new social configuration and guarantee the protection of human rights. To this end, thinking about the role of the university in a praxeological perspective of political action committed to social change presupposes the search for alternatives, psycho-political ways out, for a capitalist society submerged in a crisis of civilization. As part of this analysis, we address cases such as the assassination of Marielle Franco, due to the advance of conservatism and of the political violence that accompanies it. postmilitary post military Brazil authors end alternatives psychopolitical psycho out civilization analysis Franco it

Résumé Cet essai réfléchit sur les conditions du pouvoir dans une société marquée par l’émergence d’un conservatisme qui met en danger la dignité et les droits de l’homme gagnés dans la période post-dictature militaire brésilienne. Basés sur la pensée d’auteurs critiques, nous formulons des considérations sur la manière de faire face à cette nouvelle configuration sociale et de garantir la protection des droits de l’homme. Pour ce faire, penser le rôle de l’université dans une perspective praxéologique d’action politique engagée dans le changement social présuppose la recherche d’alternatives, d’issues psycho-politiques, pour une société capitaliste submergée dans une crise civilisatrice. Dans le cadre de cette analyse, nous abordons des cas tels que l’assassinat de Marielle Franco, découlant de l’avancée du conservatisme et de la violence politique qui l’accompagne. lémergence l émergence dun d un lhomme homme postdictature post dictature brésilienne dauteurs auteurs critiques lhomme. homme. luniversité université daction action dalternatives, dalternatives alternatives, alternatives d’alternatives dissues issues psychopolitiques, psychopolitiques psycho politiques, politiques psycho-politiques civilisatrice analyse lassassinat assassinat Franco lavancée avancée laccompagne. laccompagne accompagne. accompagne l’accompagne

ABSTRACT. The succession of soybean/maize has been largely adopted. Storm damage and crop problems can lead to grain loss, generating maize ear fragments or even whole ears that remain in the soil and still display germination viability, resulting in the occurrence of volunteer plants. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the interference of voluntary maize plants on soybean and investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to pre-emergence herbicides. In the first step, an experiment was performed evaluating the influence of voluntary maize plant density and spatial distribution on soybean. The experiment was performed in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with four replications, with treatments disposed in factorial arrangement (2 x 4) + 1. The first factor corresponded to the spatial distribution of maize plants: row or in between soybean rows; while the second factor adopted four infestation densities of maize plants m-2: 4, 8, 12, and 16. The additional treatment consisted of a control without maize plants. For the second step, an experiment was conducted in two locations aiming to determine the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides in the control of voluntary maize. Both experiments were installed in RCBD in a split-plot scheme with four replications. Fomesafen, lactofen, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulam, flumetsulam, imazethapyr, clomazone, metribuzin, [sulfentrazone + diuron], [imazethapyr + flumioxazin], and a control without herbicide application were evaluated in the main plot. In each subplot, the maize hybrids DKB310 PRO3™ and DKB390 PRO3™ were evaluated. No influence on the position of voluntary maize on the soybean yield was observed. The presence of the maize population led to a progressive decrease in soybean yield, ranging up to 86%, at 16 plants m-2. DKB390 displayed a stand reduction of 82.88% after the use of diclosulam. Diclosulam led to better results regarding maize plant decreases for both hybrids.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as potenciais influências do polimorfismo genético R/X do gene ACTN3 e das características antropométricas e metabólicas no desempenho funcional de mulheres idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde. Método: Cento e quarenta e uma idosas foram avaliadas em relação as características antropométricas, metabólicas, funcionais, aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e demográficos. Foram determinadas as frequências de alelos e genótipos do polimorfismo do gene ACTN3. Resultados: 141 idosas (68,30 ± 6,18 anos) foram avaliadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre os genótipos RR e RX/XX no desempenho funcional, características antropométricas ou metabólicas das idosas. O tempo de realização do TUG apresentou correlações positivas com idade, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura (s = 0,315; p < 0,001; s = 0,238; p = 0,005; s = 0,174; p = 0,039; s = 0,207; p = 0,014) respectivamente. Correlações negativas foram observadas entre o TUG com força de preensão manual absoluta (s = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e relativa (s = - 0,380; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, não foram observadas influências dos polimorfismos do gene ACTN3 no desempenho funcional das idosas, sendo este, influenciado por outros fatores.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women’s functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = - 0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = - 0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with increased mortality rates due to the liver and cardiovascular diseases. The gold standard for discriminating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity and staging is the anatomopathological examination, which is an invasive method. In this regard, noninvasive methods, such as scintigraphy, have been under investigation. This study investigated the role of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery and liver biopsy were prospectively included. 99mTc-phytate scintigraphy was performed to assess liver/spleen, spleen/heart, and liver/heart uptake ratios, while 99mTc-isonitrile scintigraphy assessed liver/heart ratio. To evaluate the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the results of 99mTc-phytate scintigraphy and 99mTc-isonitrile scintigraphy were compared with the anatomopathological examination. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were allocated into two groups, namely, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n=49) and non-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n=12). The results of scintigraphic images obtained after the infusion of radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-phytate in liver/spleen, spleen/heart, liver/heart ratios and 99mTc-isonitrile liver/heart ratio presented no difference between groups with and without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with an accuracy of 47.5, 37.7, 50.8, and 52.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphy was not proven to be a useful method to differentiate patients with and without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

RESUMEN El rendimiento de la soya (Glycine max) puede verse influenciado por la elección del material genético, junto con el uso de una población de plantas adecuada y la selección de semillas de alta calidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características agronómicas y fisiológicas de cultivares de soya y sus semillas, según diferentes poblaciones de plantas. Para ello, se realizó un experimento durante la cosecha 2017/2018, bajo condiciones de campo, en un diseño de bloques al azar en un arreglo factorial 3 x 4 con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres cultivares de soya, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO y BMX Power IPRO, en cuatro densidades de población: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 y 320,000 plantas ha-1. Se evaluaron las características agronómicas de las plantas (altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, número de ramas, número de vainas por planta, número de semillas por planta, número de semillas por vaina, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de semilla) y la calidad fisiológica (germinación, primer conteo de germinación, longitud de la plántula, masa vegetal seca de la parte aérea y raíz y prueba de envejecimiento acelerado) de estas semillas. El experimento mostró que las características agronómicas de los cultivares de soya y sus semillas variaron de acuerdo con los genotipos y que estas expresiones fenotípicas pueden alterarse según la población de plantas. El cultivar indeterminado BMX Power IPRO obtuvo un mayor rendimiento de semilla en comparación con los cultivares semideterminados y determinados M 7739 IPRO y TMG2181 IPRO, principalmente debido a la conformación y tamaño de las plantas en el campo. El cultivar indeterminado BMX Power IPRO mostró mayor promedio de germinación y dureza de la semilla, y produjo plántulas normales con buena tasa de crecimiento inicial y peso seco. El rendimiento y la calidad de las semillas de soya no se vieron afectados por la población de plantas.

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max) yield can be influenced by the choice of genetic material along with the use of an adequate plant population and selection of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds according to different plant populations. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 harvest, under field conditions, in a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, and BMX Power IPRO, at four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha-1. The agronomic characteristics of the plants (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of a 100 seeds and seed yield) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling length, dry mass of the shoot and root, and accelerated aging test) of these seeds were evaluated. The experiment showed that the agronomic characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds varied according to the genotypes, and that these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to the plant population. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed yield compared to the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars M 7739 IPRO and TMG2181 IPRO, mainly due to their field conformation and size. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO showed higher average germination and seed hardiness and produced normal seedlings with good initial growth rate and dry weight. The yield and quality of soybean seeds were not affected by plant population.

Abstract Based on statistics from the Higher Education Census and field research in private higher education institutions, we seek in this article to reflect on the segmentation of the Brazilian higher education system and its target public. We address two moments of expansion of Brazilian higher education (1960 and 2000), being interested, more specifically, in the available clues about the social characteristics of students in the complex and multifaceted space of Brazilian higher education. Despite the expansion of access opportunities recorded in recent years, the results point to the survival of old forms of vertical segmentation of the Brazilian educational system and the emergence of new inequalities, especially those related to the public seeking distance and face-to-face courses, in a state prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, when distance education was considered the only alternative for pursuing education given the country's health conditions.

Resumen A partir de las estadísticas del Censo de Educación Superior y de una investigación de campo en instituciones privadas de educación superior, buscamos en este artículo reflexionar sobre la segmentación del sistema de educación superior brasileño y el público al que se dirige. Abordamos dos momentos de expansión de la educación superior brasileña (1960 y 2000), interesándonos, más específicamente, en las pistas disponibles sobre las características sociales de los estudiantes en el complejo y multifacético espacio de la educación superior brasileña. A pesar de la ampliación de las oportunidades de acceso registrada en los últimos años, los resultados apuntan a la supervivencia de viejas formas de segmentación del sistema educativo brasileño y al surgimiento de nuevas desigualdades, especialmente, las relativas al público que busca las modalidades de cursos a distancia y presenciales, en un estado anterior a la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 donde la educación a distancia fue la única alternativa para continuar con la educación dadas las condiciones sanitarias del país.

RESUMO Entre as espécies que tem causado maiores prejuízos nos sistemas brasileiros de produção de soja, está o capim-amargoso. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da interferência do capimamargoso na soja cultivada em condições de Cerrado. Para tanto, foram instalados três experimentos à campo, sendo dois simulando área com falhas na dessecação de capim-amargoso na pré-semeadura da soja, com plantas remanescentes desta espécie (E1 e E2) e um no qual simulou a emergência do capim-amargoso ocorreu de forma simultânea a da soja (E3). No E1 e E2, o delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), sendo avaliados cinco tratamentos compostos por densidades crescentes de capim-amargoso (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 plantas por m2) e quatro repetições. No E3, também foi utilizado o DBC, estando os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi composto de duas cultivares de soja de ciclo distinto; enquanto que no segundo foram simuladas densidades de capim-amargoso em convivência com a soja, sendo adotadas as mesmas do E1 e E2. O aumento de densidade de capim-amargoso em convivência com a soja proporciona redução na produtividade da cultura, independentemente se estas plantas estavam emergidas na ocasião da semeadura ou se a infestação foi estabelecida após a emergência da soja. A intensidade de redução na produtividade da cultura é maior quando as plantas de capim-amargoso já se encontram entouceiradas na área na ocasião da semeadura da soja, chegando a reduções próximas de 80% na maior densidade de infestação.

ABSTRACT Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is one of the main species causing significant losses in Brazilian soybean production systems. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate sourgrass interference on soybeans grown under Cerrado conditions. Three field experiments were conducted, of which the first two (E1 and E2) simulated sourgrass after pre-sowing burndown, using plants already emerged by the time soybeans were sown; whereas the third (E3) simulated both sourgrass and soybeans emerged simultaneously. Both E1 and E2 were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments based on sourgrass infestation densities (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m-2) and four replications. In turn, E3 was also carried out in an RCBD but with treatments arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial and four replications. The first factor comprised two soybean cultivars, while the second was sourgrass density levels, just as in E1 and E2. The results showed that increasing sourgrass densities reduced soybean yield regardless of the plant growth stage when the crop was sown. Yield losses were higher when sourgrass plants were already established by the time soybean was sown. Soybean yield losses reached up to 80% under higher sourgrass infestation levels.

RESUMO O presente estudo verificou a confiabilidade do sistema baseado em câmeras de alta velocidade (CAV-Kinovea) na avaliação da resistência de força explosiva de membros inferiores em atletas. Onze atletas masculinos de voleibol (21.8 ± 2.9 anos de idade; 186.3 ± 6.2 cm and 82.3 ± 11.0 kg) participaram do teste de saltos verticais de contexto intermitente em dois dias. O teste foi filmado e posteriormente analisado no software Kinovea 0.8.15 para obter as variáveis de potência pico e média. Para determinar a confiabilidade, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, o erro típico de medidas e os gráficos de Bland-Altman. O método apresentou valores satisfatórios para as correlações inter e intra-classe (˃0,88). Os valores do erro típico de medida apresentados na análise interavaliadores foram 0,95 W.kg-1 e 0,59 W.kg-1 para potência pico e média, respectivamente. Nas análises intra-avaliação, os valores do erro típico de medida foram 7,02 W.kg-1 e 5,66 W.kg-1 (teste-reteste) e 1,59 W.kg-1 e 0,24 W.kg-1 (duplicados de vídeos ) para potência pico e média, respectivamente. O sistema CAV-Kinovea é confiável para avaliar as variáveis da resistência de força explosiva em atletas.

ABSTRACT The present study verified the reliability of the high-speed camera-based system (HSC-Kinovea) in the lower-limb explosive strength endurance assessment in athletes. Eleven male volleyball players (21.8 ± 2.9 years; 186.3 ± 6.2 cm and 82.3 ± 11.0 kg) participated in the intermittent vertical jumping test in two days. The test was filmed and later analyzed using Kinovea 0.8.15 software to obtain the mean and peak power variables. Regarding reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficient, the typical error of measurements, and Bland-Altman plots were used. The method presented satisfactory values for inter and intra-class correlations (˃ 0.88). The typical values error of measurement presented in the inter-rater analysis was 0.95 W.kg-1 and 0.59 W.kg-1 for the peak and the mean power, respectively. In the intra-assessment analyses, the typical measurement error values were 7.02 W.kg-1 and 5.66 W.kg-1 (test-retest) and 1.59 W.kg-1 and 0.24 W.kg-1 (duplicates videos) for peak and average power, respectively. The HSC-Kinovea system is reliable for assessing the variables of the explosive strength endurance in athletes.

RESUMO Com a expansão do plantio de sorgo como cultura de sucessão na segunda safra, os programas de melhoramento precisam ampliar a criação de novas linhagens, visando à produção de híbridos de alto desempenho. O primeiro passo para o processo de seleção consiste na avaliação do desempenho per se das linhagens ou de suas combinações híbridas. O presente trabalho objetivou estimar a capacidade combinatória de linhagens de sorgo granífero em diferentes condições ambientais em plantios na segunda safra. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em sistema de plantio direto, em quatro ambientes: Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina e Sinop. Foram avaliados trinta híbridos resultantes dos cruzamentos de seis linhagens restauradoras da fertilidade (R) com cinco linhagens macho-estéreis (A). Foi empregado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As características avaliadas foram dias para o florescimento, altura das plantas e produtividade de grãos. O ambiente influenciou significativamente nas estimativas de capacidade geral e específica de combinação, e estas sugerem haver importância dos efeitos aditivos e dominantes no controle desses caracteres. As linhagens restauradoras GI.1 e G1.2 contribuíram para aumentar a produtividade de seus híbridos em mais 650 kg.ha-1. Entre as linhagens macho estéreis as melhores para rendimento de grãos foram GII.1 e GII.4 com contribuição acima de 450 kg.ha-1 nos híbridos em que participaram. As combinações híbridas GI.5xGII.3 e GI.1xGII.2 se destacaram por apresentarem potencial de obterem médias altas de produtividade de grãos, associando aspectos favoráveis de dias para o florescimento e altura das plantas.

ABSTRACT The expansion of sorghum as a succession crop, after soybean, has demanded the development of new inbred lines by the breeding programs. The first step in the selection process consists of evaluating the performance per se of the inbred lines or of their hybrid combination. The purpose of this study was to determine the combining ability of sorghum inbred lines under different environment conditions of the crop production areas. The trials were carried out in the second season of 2017, under no-tillage system, in four environments, Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina and Sinop. Thirty hybrids, resulting from the crosses of six fertility restoration lines (R) with five male-sterile lines (A) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used in all experiments. The characteristics evaluated were flowering, plant height and grain yield. The environment significantly influenced the estimates of general and specific combining ability, which suggests that both effects, additive and dominant, are important in the control of these characters. The restoring lines GI.1 and G1.2 contributed to increasing the grain yield of their hybrids by over 650 kg.ha-1. Among the male-sterile lines, the best for grain yield were GII. 1 and GII.4 with contribution above 450 kg.ha-1 in the hybrids in which they participate. The hybrid combinations GI.5xGII.3 and GI.1xGII.2 stood out with potential to obtain high grain yield, associating positive aspects of the other characteristics.

ABSTRACT The use of no-till conservationist agricultural systems as well as intercropping in the Cerrado biome are practices that increase soil organic matter (SOM) due to the deposition of straw. This study aimed to quantify the carbon stock and organic fractions of a latosol under off-season monoculture (Sorghum bicolor and Urochloa ruziziensis) and intercropping (S. bicolor-U. ruziziensis) systems, in Rio Verde, state of Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from different layers: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. The following variables were determined: organic carbon content, carbon stock, dry matter and fractions of organic matter (labile and mineral). The results showed that the organic fractions of the soil are modified according to the adopted management. Intercropping of S. bicolor and U. ruziziensis increased the carbon stock, with the presence of more labile organic fractions on the soil surface, while the use of U. ruziziensis enhances the production of recalcitrant organic fractions, promoting greater preservation of the soil organic matter.

Abstract Plant growth can be directly influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of their substrates. We tested the viability of using alternative substrates derived from agroindustrial residues by evaluating their effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germination and growth as well as the antioxidant activities in seeds and seedlings. The extracts were classified based on their principal carbon source: cotton waste (SA); sugarcane waste (SB); napier grass (SN); tree prunings (SP); and sawdust (SS). The chemical attributes of the substrates were analyzed, the physiological characteristics of tomato seed germination were determined, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were measured in tomato seeds and seedlings. The extracts from tree prunings and sawdust showed the highest germination indices and root lengths, while the cotton and sugarcane waste extracts showed the lowest values for the same variables, with high pH and electric conductivity values indicating possible toxicity; increased activities of antioxidant enzymes needed to correct physiological imbalances were detected. The substrates deemed most suitable for seedling production were those derived from tree prunings and sawdust.

Resumen El crecimiento de las plantas puede estar directamente influenciado por las características físicas, químicas y biológicas de sus sustratos. Probamos la viabilidad de utilizar sustratos alternativos derivados de residuos agroindustriales mediante la evaluación de sus efectos sobre la germinación y el crecimiento del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), así como sobre las actividades antioxidantes de sus semillas y plántulas. Los extractos se clasificaron en función de su principal fuente de carbono: residuos de algodón (SA); desechos de caña de azúcar (SB); napier grass (SN); podas de árboles (SP); y aserrín (SS). Se analizaron los atributos químicos de los sustratos, se determinaron las características fisiológicas de la germinación de la semilla de tomate y se midieron las actividades de las enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT y POD en semillas de tomate y plántulas. Los extractos de poda de árboles y aserrín mostraron los índices de germinación y longitud de raíz más altos, mientras que los extractos de algodón y residuos de caña de azúcar mostraron los valores más bajos de esas mismas variables, con altos valores de pH y conductividad eléctrica que apuntan a una posible toxicidad; se detectaron actividades incrementadas de enzimas antioxidantes para corregir los desequilibrios fisiológicos. Los sustratos considerados más adecuados para la producción de plántulas fueron los basados en poda de árboles y aserrín.