RESUMO Uma metodologia simplificada é proposta para a análise dinâmica de pontes curvas sob o efeito de um veículo pesado classe 3C. Os modelos dinâmicos do veículo e da ponte são considerados separadamente, sendo vinculados pelas forças de interação. Essas forças são provenientes da análise dinâmica do veículo, inicialmente sobre tabuleiro rígido, submetido a uma excitação de suporte causada pelas irregularidades geométricas do pavimento. Tais forças são condensadas no centro de gravidade do veículo e aplicadas em um modelo estrutural simplificado (unifilar) de uma ponte em seção celular, considerando-se a superelevação da ponte. A influência da hipótese de tabuleiro rígido na resposta dinâmica é avaliada utilizando-se um procedimento iterativo, no qual se somam os deslocamentos do tabuleiro à irregularidade do pavimento, para se obter uma função de “irregularidade equivalente”. As novas forças de interação são reaplicadas no modelo da ponte para determinar novos deslocamentos, repetindo-se o processo até a convergência dos resultados.

ABSTRACT A simplified methodology is proposed for the dynamic analysis of curved road bridges under the effect of a 3C class heavy vehicle. The dynamic models of both vehicle and bridge are considered to be uncoupled, being bound by the interaction forces. These forces come from the vehicle dynamic analysis, initially under rigid deck, subjected to a support excitation caused by the pavement geometric irregularities. Such forces are statically condensed in the vehicle centre of mass and applied to a simplified structural model (‘unifilar’) of a curved bridge with box girder section, considering the bridge super elevation. The influence of the rigid deck hypothesis on the dynamic response is assessed by an iterative procedure, in which the deck displacements are added to the pavement irregularities, to obtain an “equivalent irregularity” function. The new interaction forces are re-applied to the bridge model to determine new displacements, repeating the procedure until the results converge.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN DAIRY FARMS OF NORTHEAST SANTA FE PROVINCE (ARGENTINA): WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION Northeastern of Santa Fe, is one of the potential areas for dairy activity. The objective was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of water used in milking parlor and for drinking purposes for both animals and humans. This evaluation will determine the degree of contamination in 10 dairy farms from Vera, General Obligado, Northern San Justo and San Javier departments. The physical and chemical quality of water is good for dairy production and humans drinking. The 60% of dairy farms showed total coliform above the limit. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in the 20% and 40% of dairy farms respectively, that may hinder the possibilities to obtain good quality milk. It is important to promote the systematic characterization of water sources in all milksheds

RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES EN TAMBOS DEL NORESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE (ARGENTINA): CALIDAD DE AGUA Y CONTAMINACIÓN El noreste de la provincia de Santa Fe, es un área extracuenca con buen potencial para producir leche. Se evaluó la calidad físico-química y microbiológica del agua para uso en el tambo, como bebida de animales y consumo humano en 10 tambos de los departamentos Vera, General Obligado, Norte de San Justo y San Javier. La calidad físico-química del agua cumple con los estándares para la producción de leche y bebida humana. Se presentó alta incidencia de contaminación microbiológica. El 60 % de los tambos tienen recuentos de Coliformes Totales superiores al límite. En un 20 % y 40 % de los mismos se aisló Escherichia Coli y Pseudomonas Aeruginosa respectivamente, pudiendo dificultar la obtención de leche de calidad. Esto requiere de acciones correctivas tal como limpieza e higiene de tanques de almacenamiento de agua, tendientes a la eliminación de patógenos. Es importante promover la caracterización sistemática de las fuentes de agua en todas las cuencas lecheras

SUMMARY WATER USE AND EFFLUENT AND RESIUES MANAGEMENT IN NOORTH EAST DAIRY FARMS SANTA FE PROVINCE, ARGENTINA Northeastern of Santa Fe, is one of the potential areas for dairy activity. Information was requested through a survey on environmental issues and its relation to management practices in dairy farms from Vera, General Obligado, Northern San Justo and San Javier departments. The main results indicated that 27% of dairy farm has some effluent management. Raw dairy effluent are derived to artificial ponds in 56% of farms, 22 % to natural watercourses and 11 % is used to apply to the soil, as fertilizer. Information will be used to propose strategies for dairy farm in the region.

RESUMEN El noreste de la provincia de Santa Fe, es un área extra cuenca, potencial para la expansión de la lechería. Se relevaron las prácticas relacionadas al uso del agua, manejo de efluentes y residuos en tambos de los departamentos Vera, General Obligado, Norte de San Justo y San Javier. En el 27 % de los establecimientos se realiza de manejo de efluentes. El 56% de los tambos deriva sus efluentes a lagunas artificiales, el 22% en cunetas, cañadas y cursos de agua naturales y el 11% lo utiliza en aplicación al suelo. La información permitirá proponer estrategias de producción sustentable para los tambos de la región.

Verificou-se a incidência de herpesvírus bovinos (BoHVs) em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, amostras coletadas durante dois anos (n=70) foram submetidas ao isolamento viral em cultivos celulares. Os BoHVs foram isolados em dois (2,9%) encéfalos. Após serem submetidas à caracterização antigênica e molecular, as amostras foram subtipadas como BoHV-1.1 e BoHV-1.2b. A BoHV-1.1 foi isolada de um encéfalo que foi também positivo para raiva. O vírus da raiva foi identificado em 11 amostras (15,7%). Estes achados revelam que a incidência de BoHVs em forma infecciosa em bovinos com encefalite foi baixa, embora represente 16,7% (2/12) dos encéfalos nos quais um agente viral foi identificado. Tal fato confirma a já reportada associação entre BoHV-1 e encefalites. Esse é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de BoHV-1.2b, um subtipo considerado menos patogênico, em um caso de doença neurológica em bovinos.

The incidence of bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs) was determined in brains of cattle submitted to rabies diagnosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brain samples collected in a two-year interval (n=70) were submitted to virus isolation in cell culture. The BoHVs were isolated from two (2.9%) of the brains. After the antigenic and molecular characterization, the isolated strains were subtyped as BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2b. The BoHV-1.1 isolate was recovered from a brain sample that was also positive for rabies. Rabies virus was identified in 11 (15.7%) samples. These findings reveal that the incidence of infectious BoHVs in brains of cattle with encephalitis was low, although these represented 16.7% (2/12) of samples from which at least one viral agent was identified. This confirms the previously reported link between BoHV-1 and bovine encephalitis. However, it is the first report on the association of BoHV-1.2b, a putatively less pathogenic BoHV subtype, with neurological disease in cattle.

The occurrence of rabies virus antigenic variants in North and Central West regions of Brazil was studied using 61 rabies viruses isolated from different species: 30 from domestic dogs, 20 from cattle, four from horses, two from cats, one from a human and four from unidentified species. The isolates were submitted to antigenic analyses by indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to lyssavirus antigens. Antigenic analyses revealed consistent differences between isolates whose natural hosts were dogs and those of haematophagous bats, often isolated from cattle. Three out of four isolates from horses and one from a domestic dog showed patterns of reactivity found only in viruses of insectivorous bats, indicating that non-haematophagous bats do play a unique role in the transmission of the virus to other species.

Estudou-se a composição química inorgânica de amostras dos cultivares de arroz irrigado "IR 665-4-5-5", "IAC 435" e "IAC 120", procedentes do Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo. Após a determinação da concentração dos macro e micronutrientes, alumínio, sódio e silício em diversas partes morfologicamente distintas, avaliaram-se as quantidades de nutrientes extraídas pelas mesmas. Dentre os elementos estudados, a extração pela parte aérea obedeceu a seguinte ordem decrescente: Si, K, N, Ca, P, Cl, S, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu e Mo. Observou-se que com relação à concentração e extração dos elementos, os cultivares têm comportamento distinto.

This paper reports the mineral composition of three rice cultivars ('IR 665-4-5-5', 'IAC 435', and 'IAC 120') from low land soil of the Paraíba Valley, State of São Paulo. Sixteen elements were analyzed in dry samples from different parts of the plant (without roots) and the amounts removed from the soil by the plants were evaluated. Different behaviour was observed among the cultivars in relation to the uptake of these elements, but in general the extraction obeyed the following decreasing order: Si, K, N, Ca, P, Cl, S, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu e Mo.