ABSTRACT: Coccidian infection may promote the proliferation of gut bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial infections by members of this family in rabbits can induce a negative impact on their health and lead to high mortality, especially in young individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prebiotic treatment on Escherichia coli and Salmonella species during natural intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits. Forty-five rabbits were selected from a rabbit farm in Beni-Suef, Egypt. Out of the 45 rabbits, 15 were coccidia-free and used as the negative control group (NC group) and 30 were naturally infected with coccidia. The infected rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups, the positive control group (PC) and the prebiotic treated group (PT) which was orally treated with prebiotic for 8 successive days. Faecal oocyst count was assessed daily during the course of treatment. At 8 days post-treatment, 5 rabbits from each group were euthanised for the microbiological examination of the intestinal tract. On day 8 post treatment, the PT group showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the oocyst count (5.33 x103 ± 0.89) with a significant (P<0.05) decline in the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella (66.7 % and 26.4%, respectively). The PC group showed highly a significant oocyst count (21.67x103 ± 0.82 OPG), with a significant increase in the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella (86.7 % and 46.7 %, respectively). The NC group remained coccidian free and exhibited only E. coli with no Salmonella infection. The in vitro susceptibility test showed that E. coli isolates were highly resistant to most of the tested antimicrobials while Salmonella isolates showed variable resistance profiles. In conclusion, the prebiotic treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella infections coexisted with intestinal coccidiosis naturally infected rabbits.

Abstract: In our consideration, we studied vibrations analysis and dynamic responses of a Hybrid Rayleigh-Van der Pol- Duffing oscillator. This system presented by one -degree- of - freedom containing the fifth order of nonlinear terms and an external force. The proportional derivative controller (PD) was used to control the vibration of the main system. The average method used to obtain the approximate solution of the vibrating system. The stability of the system is investigated at the primary resonance case (Ω = ω). Numerically, we used Runge-Kutta of the fourth order to scrutinize the time histories of the system before and after using PD. For response curves, we investigated the performance of some chosen parameters of studied system. Finally, there is a good agreement between the approximate solution which obtained from the average method and the numerical one.

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful orthopaedic surgical procedures that dramatically improves function, pain relief and quality of life for the patient. In South Africa, we have a high prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and inflammatory arthropathy affecting a young population. This subgroup of patients is usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years (young) and they require bilateral total hip replacements (BTHA) to allow them to return to their previous level of function and employment. The study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes and complications in patients with bilateral hip pathology managed surgically with a one-stage BTHA METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a series of 33 patients who underwent a one-stage BTHA at a high-volume arthroplasty unit in a central hospital in South Africa between January 2016 and December 2018. The mean age was 38 years (standard deviation [SD] 9 years), and the most common diagnosis was ONFH (76%). In this cohort, 12 patients (36%) tested HIV positive. We assessed patient folders for diagnosis, perioperative details, postoperative follow-up and complications. Radiographic analysis was also performed RESULTS: There were no revisions or planned surgical interventions for any of the patients at a median follow-up of 22 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11-45 months). Thirty patients reported no hip pain and walked unaided at their most recent follow-up visit. Two patients reported groin pain and continued to walk with a single crutch. One patient demised from unrelated causes approximately one year post-surgery. The only perioperative complication was a urinary tract infection (UTI) in one patient. The median postoperative length of stay was six days (IQR 4-7 days), and no other medical or surgical complications were reported. Radiographic analysis revealed four patients (12%) with Brooker grade 1 heterotopic ossification in six hips CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that surgical treatment with a one-stage BTHA is a good alternative to a two-stage BTHA when performed in a high-volume arthroplasty centre and carefully selected patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%, and the complication rate was low Level of evidence: Level 4

Abstract This work is meant to investigate and control the nonlinear dynamical behaviours of a nonlinear asymmetric rotating shaft system. The studied system is modeled as a nonlinear dynamical system having both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and excited at the primary resonance. A linear proportional-derivative controller is introduced to eliminate the nonlinear behaviours and to suppress the lateral vibrations of the rotating shaft. The influences of different control parameters on the oscillatory behaviours of the considered system are explored. The main obtained analytical results showed that the uncontrolled shaft may respond with forward and backward whirling motion. However, the proposed controller illustrated its feasibility in eliminating the nonlinear behaviours of the studied system and forcing it to behave like the linear systems. Moreover, the obtained results confirmed that the proportional control gain plays a dominant role in destabilizing the studied rotor system. Finally, the safe operation of the studied system with avoiding the rub-impact force occurrence is discussed.

A novel synthesis of a series of pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5-ones has been developed from reactions of 1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-ones and 7-amino-1,3-disubstituted[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones in dioxane under thermal conditions, using cellulose sulfuric acid as an eco-friendly acid catalyst. The reaction mechanism was proposed and the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral data (mass spectrometry, infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance) and elemental analyses.

In schistosomiasis, the host/parasite interaction remains not completely understood. Many questions related to the susceptibility of snails to infection by respective trematode still remain unanswered. The control of schistosomiasis requires a good understanding of the host/parasite association. In this work, the susceptibility/resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection within Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were studied starting one month post infection and continuing thereafter weekly up to 10 weeks after miracidia exposure. Genetic variations between susceptible and resistant strains to Schistosoma infection within B. alexandrina snails using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis technique were also carried out. The results showed that 39.8% of the examined field snails were resistant, while 60.2% of these snails showed high infection rates.In the resistant genotype snails, OPA-02 primer produced a major low molecular weight marker 430 bp. Among the two snail strains there were interpopulational variations, while the individual specimens from the same snail strain, either susceptible or resistant, record semi-identical genetic bands. Also, the resistant character was ascendant in contrast to a decline in the susceptibility of snails from one generation to the next.

Oxidative stress and proteases have been implicated in several diseases and extensive evidence indicates that antioxidants and protease inhibitors help prevent organ functional damage. Leiurus quinquestriatus (LQQ) scorpion venom causes cellular injuries that may lead to multiple organ failure. Thus, the capability of the antioxidant "natural standardized extract of Gingko biloba leaves (Gin, EGb 761)" and the non-selective protease inhibitor, aprotinin, in ameliorating venom-induced biochemical alterations indicative of cellular injury and oxidative stress was studied to determine their effectiveness in protecting rats from venom-evoked cellular damages. Thus, in this study, rats were treated with LQQ venom (0.3mg.kg-1, subcutaneously) alone or after Gin (150mg.kg-1, orally, daily for 2 weeks before venom) and/or aprotinin (Apr, 46000 KIU.kg-1, intraperitoneally, 30 min before venom). Control groups were injected with saline or treatment modalities. Lungs and hearts were excised after decapitating rats (n=8/group) 60 min after venom injection and the following activities were measured: reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) - an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Our findings demonstrate that LQQ venomsignificantly elevated GSH (p<0.05 vs. control), MDA (p<0.05), G6PD (p<0.05), and LDH activities (p<0.001) in hearts of envenomed rats. The venom also elevated MDA (p<0.05 vs. control) and reduced GSH and GPx (p<0.05) in the lungs of envenomed rats. In general, pretreatment with EGb761 attenuated LQQ venom-evoked increases in GSH (p<0.05 vs. venom), MDA in rat hearts and lungs (p<0.05 vs. venom), plus LDH in the heart (p<0.01). Aprotinin alone significantly reduced the venom-elicited increase in G6PD and LDH activities and the decrease in GPx levels (p<0.05). In general, these protective effects of EGb761 on GSH, MDA (p<0.01 vs. venom) and LDH (p<0.001) in the heart and/or lung were potentiated when combined with aprotinin. We concluded that the effectiveness of EGb761 and Apr in ameliorating venom-evoked biochemical changes indicative of necrosis and free radical generation point out the involvement of oxidative stress and proteases in venom-evoked cellular damages seen in this study in isolated rat hearts and lungs.