O dióxido de titânio tem sido bastante investigado para a remoção de poluentes orgânicos. É um material polimórfico, o qual dependendo das condições e tipo de método de síntese empregado na sua preparação pode ser monofásico ou bifásico, com predominância de uma das fases. Sendo assim, este trabalho propõe a avaliação da estrutura, morfologia e atividade fotocatalítica na degradação do corante vermelho de metila por amostras de TiO2 sintetizado pelo método Pechini com relação de ácido cítrico/cátion metálico de 4:1 e 6:1. As amostras sintetizadas foram calcinadasa 500ºC por 1hora e foram caracterizadas pela técnica de difração de raios X em amostras policristalinas com o uso do método de refinamento Rietveld, análise textural, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e fotocataliticamente em testes de bancada, usando o corante vermelho de metila. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a amostra 4:1 levou à formação das duas fases, com 89% dafase anatásio e 11% da fase rutilo, enquanto a amostra 6:1 levou apenas à formação da fase anatásio. A amostra 4:1, que apresentou a mistura da fase anatásio e rutilo demonstrou ser mais eficiente fotocataliticamente do que a amostra 6:1.

Titanium dioxide has been widely investigated in the removal of organic pollutants. It is a polymorphic material which, depending on the conditions and the type of synthetic method used in its preparation may be monophasic or biphasic, with predominance of one of the phases. Therefore, this paper proposes the evaluation of the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl red dye byTiO2 samples synthesized by the Pechini method with citric acid/metal cation ratios of 4:1 and 6:1. The synthesized samples were calcined at 500°C for 1 hour and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique by using Rietveld refinement, textural analysis, scanning electron microscopy and photocatalytic test sin bench scale, using methyl red dye. The results showed that the sample 4:1 led to the formation of two phases, 89% anatase and 11% rutile, while the sample 6:1 led only to the formation of the anatase phase. The 4:1 sample, a mixture of anatase and rutile phase, photocatalytically, was more effective than the 6:1 sample.

In this work, the application of the X-ray multiple diffraction technique using synchrotron radiation at Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) to study KDP phase transition induced by electric field is discussed. A Huber three-axis (omega, phi, 2theta) diffractometer mounted on a table which rotates around the incident beam allows to measure Renninger scans (RS) at the XRD station of LNLS using the adequate polarization for the experiments. Prior results indicated (080) as the best choice for the KDP primary reflection and the (440)(<img src="http:/img/fbpe/mr/v4n1/quatro.gif" alt="quatro.gif (94 bytes)"> 40) four-beam case for the secondary. Two Bragg-surface diffraction (BSD) reflections, where the secondary beam is propagated parallel to the sample surface, are involved in this multiple diffraction case. A RS interval of 3.3° around phi = 0° position was measured while the electric field was increased up to 6 kV/cm. At this value, a phase transition was observed and the secondary peaks became narrower and changed their RS position indicating possible occurrence of a metastable ferroelectric phase.

Cubic Y zeolite were successfully synthesized using microwave heating for 18 - 25 min, whereas 10 - 50 h are required by hydrothermal heating technique depending upon the lattice Si/Al ratio. To this end, we used a commercial microwave oven modified in order to provide pulsed microwave pumping on the synthesis mixtures. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area and infrared spectroscopy measurements. As a result, we verify that Y zeolite samples obtained from hydrogels containing low aluminum contents, present a good degree of crystallinity and then can be suitable for using in adsorption and catalysis experiments.