Abstract INTRODUCTION: Genetic polymorphisms define the cytokine production leading to susceptibility or resistance to diseases. We studied the cytokine polymorphism in the development of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). METHODS: Genotyping of TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 were performed by polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: G and C alleles of TGF- β1 (codon 25) were the most common in controls and patients, respectively. G/G was the most frequent genotype in controls, and G/C and C/C in patients. CONCLUSIONS: G/G genotype of codon 25 in TGF-β1 appeared to confer resistance, and G/C and C/C genotypes, susceptibility to TL in this population.

To determine the prevalence and susceptibility profile of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients and members of the nursing staff. A descriptive, exploratory, where samples were isolated from the nasal vestibules and hands of 84 patients and 22 employees of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a general hospital. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among patients was 54.76% and 59.04% among employees. Were isolated from 81 samples, 61 patients and 20 professionals. Among patients, 39 (63.93%) were resistant to oxacillin by the test of minimum inhibitory concentration and 42 (68.85%) by disk diffusion method. The mecA gene was found in 79.49%. Among professionals, 80% were resistant to oxacillin by both methods, and of these, all expressed the mecA gene. All samples were sensitive to vancomycin. We recommend the implementation of preventive measures for multiresistant strains as hand hygiene and decontamination procedures on the verge of nasal risk.

Determinar la prevalencia y el perfil de susceptibilidad de muestras de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas en pacientes y miembros del equipo de enfermería. Estudio del tipo exploratorio, descriptivo analítico, en que fueron aisladas muestras de los vestíbulos nasales y de las manos de 84 pacientes y 22 empleados de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital general. La prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus entre los pacientes fue de 54,76% y 59,04% entre los empleados. Fueron aisladas 81 muestras, 61 de los pacientes y 20 de los profesionales. Entre los pacientes, 39 (63,93%) fueron resistentes a la oxacilina por la prueba de concentración mínima inhibitoria y 42 (68,85%) por el método de difusión en disco. El gen mecA se encontró en 79,49%. Entre los profesionales, 80% presentaron resistencia a la oxacilina por ambos métodos, y de éstas, todas expresaron el gen mecA. Todas las muestras fueron sensibles a la vancomicina. Se recomienda la implementación de medidas de prevención para muestras multirresistentes como la higienización de las manos y descontaminación nasal en la inminencia de procedimientos de riesgo.

Determinar a prevalência e o perfil de susceptibilidade de amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em pacientes e membros da equipe de enfermagem. Estudo do tipo exploratório, descritivo analítico onde foram isoladas amostras dos vestíbulos nasais e das mãos de 84 pacientes e 22 funcionários de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de um hospital geral. A prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus entre os pacientes foi 54,76% e entre os funcionários 59,04%. Foram isoladas 81 amostras, 61 dos pacientes e 20 dos profissionais. Entre os pacientes, 39 (63,93%) foram resistentes à oxacilina pelo teste de concentração inibitória mínima e 42 (68,85%) pelo método de disco difusão. O gene mecA foi encontrado em 79,49%. Entre os profissionais, 80% apresentaram resistência à oxacilina pelos dois métodos, e dessas, todas expressaram o gene mecA. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis à vancomicina. Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas de prevenção para amostras multirresistentes como a higienização das mãos e descontaminação nasal na iminência de procedimentos de risco.

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among dialysis and kidney transplant patients, to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of these strains and to verify their genetic profiles with the RW3A primer. The study included 159 individuals, comprising 111 dialysis and 48 kidney transplant patients. Of the 48 transplant patients, 75% were positive for S. aureus, whereas 49% of the 111 dialysis patients were carriers. Two samples yielded conflicting results for oxacillin sensitivity between the disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays: both were sensitive by the disk diffusion assay and resistant by MIC (4 μg/ml). In the antibiogram by disk diffusion, ten samples were resistant to cefoxitin, among which eight were also resistant to oxacillin. The resistance of the ten samples to cefoxitin by the disk diffusion assay was confirmed by MIC. Of the ten oxacillin-resistant samples, eight harbored the mecA gene. All samples were sensitive to vancomycin, and most were resistant to penicillin and demonstrated high rates of resistance to the other antimicrobials tested. The samples from dialysis patients exhibited a more homogenous genetic profile. Among the samples with a high percent similarity, no correlation with sensitivity or resistance to oxacillin was observed. According to the results of this study, the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as increased restrictions on prescriptions for antimicrobial drugs and nasal decontamination prior to high-risk procedures, is recommended.

This quantitative, exploratory and analytical study was undertaken in the period March-June 2010, in the Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in the state of Paraná, with the objective of identifying the genetic profile of samples of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients and members of the nursing team. The susceptibility to oxacillin was evaluated by the test for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, and the polymerase chain reaction technique was used for carrying out the genotyping. Some associations of interest were verified using the Chi-square test, adopting p= ≤0.05. Among the 61 samples from 46 patients, 44.26% had a degree of similarity over 80%; six samples, paired two-by-two, had 100% similarity. Among the 20 samples from the 13 health care professionals, 65% had a similarity of over 80%. The existence of strains with identical, or similar, genetic profiles was observed. However, it was not possible to state that clonal dissemination occurred in this unit.

Estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y analítico realizado en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2010, en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital de Paraná con el objetivo de identificar el perfil genético de muestras de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de pacientes y miembros del equipo de Enfermería. La susceptibilidad a la oxacilina fue evaluada por el test de determinación de la concentración inhibitoria mínima y la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa fue utilizada para realizar el genotipaje. Algunas asociaciones de interés fueron verificadas utilizando test "qui-quadrado", adoptándose p ≤0,05. De las 61 muestras de 46 pacientes, 44,26% tuvieron grado de similitud superior a 80%; seis muestras, de parejas dos a dos, tuvieron 100% de similitud. De las 20 muestras de los 13 profesionales, 65% presentaron similitud superior a 80%. Se observó la existencia de cepas con perfiles genéticos idénticos, o semejantes, pero no es posible afirmar que hubo diseminación clonal en esta unidad.

Estudo quantitativo, exploratório e analítico realizado no período de março a junho de 2010, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital paranaense com o objetivo de identificar o perfil genético das amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de pacientes e membros da equipe de enfermagem. A suscetibilidade à oxacilina foi avaliada pelo teste de determinação da concentração inibitória mínima e a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase foi empregada para a realização da genotipagem. Algumas associações de interesse foram verificadas utilizando teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se p ≤0,05. Dentre as 61 amostras de 46 pacientes, 44,26% tiveram grau de similaridade superior a 80%; seis amostras, pareadas duas a duas, tiveram 100% de similaridade. Dentre as 20 amostras dos 13 profissionais, 65% apresentaram similaridade superior a 80%. Observou-se a existência de cepas com perfis genéticos idênticos, ou semelhantes, contudo não é possível afirmar que houve disseminação clonal nesta unidade.