Resumo As perdas de alimentos por contaminação causada por fungos são de grande impacto negativo para a agricultura, gerando altos prejuízos econômicos. Para evitar as perdas de diversos produtos alimentícios pela contaminação fúngica são utilizados fungicidas sintéticos e naturais. As espécies do gênero Capsicum são usadas há muitos anos para auxiliar na conservação de alimentos por possuírem substâncias químicas com ação antifúngica entre outras. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar alguns compostos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial (LC-ESI-MS/MS) presentes nos extratos acetato de etila (EAE) e metanólico (ME) dos frutos maduros da pimenta biquinho (C. chinense) e avaliar atividade antifúngica de EAE e ME contra os fungos Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizopus stolonifer e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Os extratos foram obtidos de forma sequencial, utilizando o procedimento de maceração. A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada seguindo a metodologia de difusão em disco, nas doses de 25 µL, 50 µL, 100 µL e 200 µL de cada extrato diluído. A análise química evidenciou a presença de ácido protocatequico, ácido gentisico, ácido vanílico, kaempferol-3-O-robinobiosídeo e naringenina em ambos os extratos. EAE revelou maior poder de inibição do crescimento micelial nas doses de 100µL e 200µL contra os três fungos testados, enquanto ME exibiu fraca atividade inclusive na maior dose investigada. Entretanto, estudos mais aprofundados ainda são necessários para consolidar seu uso e aplicação prática na área agronômica.

Abstract Food loss due to contamination caused by fungi has much impact on agriculture and leads to significant economic losses. Synthetic and natural fungicides have been used for avoiding losses of several food products due to fungal contamination. As a result, species of the genus Capsicum have been used for preserving food because of their chemical compounds with antifungal activity. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying some phenolic compounds found in both ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and methanolic extract (ME) from habanero pepper (C. chinense) ripe fruit by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and at evaluating their antifungal activities against fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Extracts resulted from a sequential process of maceration. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (DDM) at the following doses of both diluted extracts: 25 µL, 50 µL, 100 µL and 200 µL. The chemical analysis showed that there were protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, kaempferol-3-O-robinobiosideo and naringenin in both extracts. EAE showed high inhibition of mycelial growth at both doses 100µL and 200µL against the three fungi while methanolic exhibited weak activity even at the highest dose under investigation. However, further in-depth studies are needed to reinforce their uses and practical applications to the agricultural field.

Resumo Numerosos estudos têm investigado a composição química e as atividades biológicas de óleos essenciais extraídos de cascas dos frutos, folhas e flores de diferentes espécies de Citrus. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a composição química e as atividades larvicida e leishmanicida in vitro do óleo essencial das cascas dos frutos de Citrus reticulata (CR-EO). CR-EO foi obtido pela técnica de extração em aparelho Clevenger e sua composição química foi determinada por CG-EM e CG-DIC. Limoneno (85,7%), ɣ-terpineno (6,7%) and mirceno (2,1%) foram identificados como os constituintes majoritários. CR-EO mostrou alta atividade contra as formas promastigota de Leishmania amazonensis (CI50 = 8,23 µg/mL). CR-EO também exibiu alta atividade larvicida contra as larvas do terceiro estágio do Aedes aegypti com concentração letal (CL50 = 58,35 µg/mL) e mortalidade de 100% em 150 µg/mL. Este estudo sugere, pela primeira vez, o uso potencial de CR-EO contra esta importante doença viral transmitida por mosquitos do gênero Aedes.

Abstract Numerous studies have investigated the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from different Citrus species fruit peel, leaves and flowers. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition, larvicidal and antileishmanial activities of essential oil from Citrus reticulata fruit peel (CR-EO). CR-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Limonene (85.7%), ɣ-terpinene (6.7%) and myrcene (2.1%) were identified as its major components. CR-EO showed high activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 8.23 µg/mL). CR-EO also exhibited high larvicidal activity against third instar Aedes aegypti larvae at a lethal concentration (LC50 = 58.35 µg/mL) and 100% mortality at 150 µg/mL. This study suggests, for the first time, the potential use of CR-EO against this important mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the genus Aedes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Forty male ¹/4 Holstein * ¹/4 Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers.

Coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867), is a serious insect pest of organic coffee plantation in Säo Tomé Island. To date, limited information regarding the seasonal phenology of this pest species on the islands limits the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. As part of a coffee farmer training programme, three attractants were evaluated in red vs. transparent traps to assess olfactory and visual stimuli. The experiment was delineated in a split-block design with three types of attractants: commercial ethanol + 40 g of ripe Robusta coffee (A1), proportion 3:1 methanol and ethanol (A2), and commercial ethanol + 10 g of ground roasted Arabica coffee (A3); and two home-made transparent (D1) and red (D2) traps. The results showed that there was significant interaction between the trap model and the attractant for borer capture. The transparent trap baited with methanol and ethanol exhibited the best result with an average of 14.3 ± 5.4 adults/trap/week. Transparent traps baited captured more borers and largest numbers of beetles were trapped late May through September. In short, home-made traps alone are not effective for controlling the coffee berry borer, but they are useful in monitoring this species.

Abstract The effects of onion and its by-products on metabolic changes induced by excessive consumption of a high fat diet have been the focus of many studies. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of onion and its by-products antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity in rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Five databases were used: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science and Scopus until June 2020 updated December 1, 2022. Research of the articles was carried out by two reviewers, searching and selecting studies after an initial reading of the titles and abstracts. In total, 2,448 papers were found and, after assessing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 papers were selected for this review. The findings of this review show the beneficial effects of onion and its by-products on inflammatory parameters, obesity, cardiovascular disease, thermogenesis and hepatic alterations generally associated with the consumption of a high-fat diet.

Resumo Os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos nas alterações metabólicas induzidas pelo consumo excessivo de uma dieta rica em gordura têm sido foco de muitos estudos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente os efeitos da cebola e seus subprodutos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e anti-obesidade em ratos expostos a uma dieta hiperlipídica. Foram utilizadas cinco bases de dados: Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of science e Scopus até junho de 2020, atualizado em 01 de dezembro de 2022. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada por dois revisores, buscando e selecionando os estudos após leitura inicial dos títulos e resumos. No total, 2.448 artigos foram encontrados e, após avaliação de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Os achados desta revisão mostram os efeitos benéficos da cebola e seus subprodutos sobre parâmetros inflamatórios, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, termogênese e alterações hepáticas geralmente associadas ao consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to study the couple of stable plane Gauss maps f = ( f 2 , f 3 ) : M → ℝ 2 × S 2 from a global point of view, where M is a smooth closed orientable surface, f 2 is a projection and f 3 is Gauss map. We associate this maps a pair of ℳℱ-graph. We will study their properties, giving conditions on the graphs that can be realized by pairs of maps with couples from pre-determined singular sets.

This article provides a comprehensive review of relevant studies in the fields of plasma physics, electromagnetism, and space physics. The aim is to demonstrate how the study of the scientific literature can be used to enhance problem-solving abilities and develop innovative solutions in physics. In this paper, we focus on the study of solutions of the specific Grad-Shafranov equation. Two of the new solutions proposed by Yoon and Lui (2005) are used as a basis for the development of a new solution. The new solution presented has singular points similar to the Yoon-Lui-2 solution, but with an inverted configuration, and also presents less rounded double islands compared to the Yoon-Lui-2 solution. Additionally, the new solution does not exhibit the formation of a current ring, a characteristic of the Yoon-Lui-1 solution, and varying its parameters may lead to higher plasma confinement efficiency. In summary, we illustrate how a thorough analysis of literature can serve as a powerful means for generating innovative approaches to resolving theoretical issues in physics.

ABSTRACT Vector-borne diseases are a cause of concern all around the world, especially in Brazil. In the past few years, the Brazilian health system faced recurrent epidemics such as Dengue and Malaria as well as new cases of Chikungunya, Zika and Yellow Fever. Vector control continues to be one of the most important counter measures against these types of diseases. Mathematical models are important tools for planning vector control strategies. In this work we present an approach in order to calculate what is the minimum vector control intensity to obtain stability in a simple population’s dynamics model of mosquitoes. We combined numerical simulations with analytic results. Transcritical bifurcations appear in our analysis considering different control’s parameters values for the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults mosquitoes populations. A discussion about combined strategies of vector control was also showed. Vectorborne borne world Brazil years Chikungunya Fever populations population s results controls eggs larvae showed

Abstract As a result of human activities and natural dispersal, exotic species can be brought to new areas, where they become established and spread, becoming invaders. These species are responsible for the loss of biodiversity and cause ecosystemic harm throughout the world. In this paper, we report the rapid, broad geographic expansion of the invasive fly Drosophila nasuta in Brazil. An 84% increase was found in its area of occupation in the country compared to previous studies. The present data reveal its arrival to the Pantanal wetlands in a location more than one thousand kilometers from the closest previous record in the Cerrado biome. We present the first record of D. nasuta in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Paraíba and Bahia. We report its introduction in the Amazon Forest in the state of Amazonas approximately 700 kilometers from previous records. The relative abundance of D. nasuta in this biome increased fivefold in comparison to a previous study. In the first decade of invasion in Brazil, D. nasuta has already colonized more than half of the country. The present data reveal its invasive potential and underscore the importance of following up the possible negative effects of this biological invasion.

In part 1 of our physics education series, we introduced a novel solution based on Yoon-Lui’s solutions 1 and 2. Building upon that, this follow-up presents a new solution obtained by combining the generating functions of Yoon-Lui-1 and Yoon-Lui-3, resulting in a new and simplified general solution. We also calculate the singular points and determine their coordinates for various parameter values. A graphical representation of the solution is presented, showing the magnetic field lines and current density distribution. The behavior of the magnetic field and the effect of varying the parameter are discussed. The observed magnetic islands and singular points are relevant in the fields of Plasma Physics and Space Physics, providing insights into magnetic structures in plasmas and their impact on confinement and stability. Furthermore, this study encourages innovation and equips researchers and students with the necessary tools to make meaningful contributions to the field, emphasizing the integration of scientific literature into physics education to promote a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts and their practical applications.

Abstract Alumina is a polymorphic bioceramic that has been extensively investigated for application in bone regeneration. Dense α-alumina has been considered a suitable biomaterial for dental and orthopedic implants due to its superior mechanical properties. However, its use is limited due to its high inertia in a biological environment. Recent investigations have focused on its distinct phases and surface characteristics through the control of morphology, physical properties, and chemical composition to enhance bioactivity. This article presents a brief review of the developments in porous α-alumina and amorphous-γ-alumina transition. Most studies have shown that composites and alumina coated with bioactive materials, high surface area, and hydroxylated surface can significantly improve biological properties. Cellular responses such as fixation, growth, and proliferation, as well as biomineralization, are the main studies to validate improvements in bioactive properties.

ABSTRACT Introduction Most work-related musculoskeletal injuries develop over time and there is usually no single cause for these injuries, but they are usually the result of a combination of several factors. Physical causes and organizational risk factors include load handling, repetitive or strenuous movements, incorrect and static postures, thermic discomfort, exposure to vibrations and working at a fast pace. The employer is responsible for implementing a risk prevention/reduction plan, allowing workers to play their part in creating a healthy work environment. By being available to be approached, showing sensitivity, and promoting a supportive work environment, management will not only allow workers to ventilate their problems and encourage them to find solutions to them. Objectives To identify the contents and structure of a labor gymnastics program for health professionals and evaluate its content validity regarding its periodicity, duration, and type of exercises. Methods An e-Delphi technique was used with three rounds, and a sample of fifteen experts (two physiotherapists, six rehabilitation nurses, two physical education teachers, and five higher education health professors) was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were to have a minimum of ten years of professional experience, a minimum academic degree of Master (Doctor for professors), and previous experience developing physical activity programs in a work context (preferential). In the first open round, the experts identified the requirements regarding the periodicity, duration, and type of exercises that comprise a labor gymnastics program targeting health professionals working in hospital settings. The second and third closed rounds attempted to obtain the necessary consensus on the issues identified in the previous rounds. The consensus was set to a minimum of 70% similarity. Results The experts agreed that the periodicity of a labor gymnastics program depends on the type of work activity. About the duration of the program, ten to fifteen minutes per session was advised. The professional in charge of the labor gymnastics sessions should be a rehabilitation nurse, physiotherapist, or any other professional adequately trained. The appropriate time to perform the sessions of labor gymnastics should be at the beginning and during work shifts, although that would depend on the type of work performed. The type of exercises to include in the program should be adequate to the work activity developed, taking particular account ergonomic and psychological issues, consisting of stretching exercises, postural correction, relaxation, and joint mobility exercises. Conclusion The present study allowed to identify a workout program's structure and contents for health professionals and evaluate its validity. Considering these data, it seems now essential to carry out a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program.

RESUMO Introdução A maioria das lesões músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho desenvolve-se ao longo do tempo e normalmente não há uma causa única para estas lesões, mas geralmente resultam de uma combinação de vários fatores. As causas físicas e fatores de risco organizacional incluem a manipulação de cargas, movimentos repetitivos, posturas forçadas e/ou mantidas, ambientes mal iluminados, com desconforto térmico, exposição a vibrações e/ou ritmo de trabalho intenso. O empregador é responsável pela implementação de um plano de prevenção/redução de riscos, permitindo aos trabalhadores desempenharem o seu papel na criação de um ambiente de trabalho saudável. Ao estar disponível para ser abordada, demonstrando sensibilidade e promovendo um ambiente de trabalho de apoio, a gestão não só permitirá aos funcionários ventilar os seus problemas e encorajá-los a encontrar soluções para os mesmos. Objetivos Identificar o conteúdo e a estrutura de um programa de ginástica laboral para profissionais de saúde e avaliar a validade do seu conteúdo relativamente à periodicidade, duração e tipo de exercícios. Métodos Foi utilizada uma técnica e-Delphi com três rondas e uma amostra de quinze peritos (dois fisioterapeutas, seis enfermeiros de reabilitação, dois professores de educação física e cinco professores de saúde do ensino superior). Os critérios de inclusão eram ter um mínimo de dez anos de experiência profissional, um grau académico mínimo de Mestre (Doutor para professores) e experiência prévia de desenvolvimento de programas de atividade física num contexto de trabalho (preferencial). Na primeira ronda aberta, os peritos identificaram os requisitos relativos à periodicidade, duração e tipo de exercícios que compreendem um programa de ginástica laboral dirigido aos profissionais de saúde que trabalham em contexto hospitalar. A segunda e terceira rondas fechadas tentaram obter o consenso necessário sobre as questões identificadas nas rondas anteriores. O consenso foi estabelecido para um mínimo de 70% de similaridade. Resultados Os peritos concordaram que a periodicidade de um programa de ginástica laboral depende do tipo de atividade de trabalho. Sobre a duração do programa, foram aconselhados dez a quinze minutos por sessão. O profissional responsável pelas sessões de ginástica laboral deve ser um enfermeiro de reabilitação, fisioterapeuta ou qualquer outro profissional adequadamente formado. O tempo apropriado para realizar as sessões de ginástica laboral deve ser no início e durante os turnos de trabalho, embora isso dependa do tipo de trabalho realizado. O tipo de exercícios a incluir no programa deve ser adequado à atividade de trabalho desenvolvida, tendo particularmente em conta as questões ergonómicas e psicológicas, consistindo em exercícios de alongamento, correção postural, relaxamento e exercícios de mobilidade articular. Conclusão O presente estudo permitiu identificar a estrutura e o conteúdo de um programa de treino para profissionais de saúde e avaliar a sua validade. Considerando estes dados, parece agora essencial levar a cabo um estudo randomizado controlado para avaliar a eficácia do programa desenvolvido.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of calcitic seaweed (CS), calcitic limestone (CL) and monodicalcium phosphate (DP) fed to piglets in various combinations on their gastrointestinal tract and bones. A total of 128 piglets (21 days old, 5.50 ± 0.49 kg bodyweight (BW) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design and eight replications to one of four diets: D1: with CL + DP, D2: with CL, CS + DP, D3, similar to D2, but with 30% less calcium from CS and DP, and D4: with CS + DP. Treatments affected the metatarsal bones, mineral concentration in the heart and liver, and pH in the cecum and colon. Piglets fed D4 tended to have a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in the jejunum and ileum compared with D1 (4.82 vs 4.79 CFU/g). Piglets fed D1 and D3 had a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in their cecum than D4 (4.79 and 4.80 vs 4.76). The D2 and D1 treatments produced greater crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and ileum compared with D3 and D4, respectively. Feeding D3 resulted in a greater villus height (VH) to CD ratio in the duodenum compared with D2 and showed a 24.5% increase in heart weight compared with fed D1. In conclusion, CS could be an alternative source of calcium source for piglets. The inconsistent findings of the present study suggest the need for further studies to better understand the interplay of effects of Ca + source and level on its metabolism.

The present work aims to evaluate the manufacturing processes of free-standing graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/carbon nanotube (MWCNT) papers-like and the effect on electrical conductivities after annealing treatment. The pure GO and the hybrid papers were obtained by vacuum filtration and submitted to mild thermal annealing at 400 °C under an argon atmosphere. Analyses comparing the carbon paper-like materials before and after thermal treatment were done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical conductivity measurements. The characterization results show the annealing process effect on the morphology of paper materials. The GO papers and the hybrid (GO/rGO/MWCNT) exhibited good free-standing structure properties. The SEM results suggest the formation of gas void due to the thermal treatment. TGA and Raman results showed the thermal reduction and restoration of the carbon sp2 network of the graphene oxide induced by thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was responsible for changing the almost insulator characteristic of free-standing pure GO paper, achieving an electrical conductivity of 752 S/m, and improving 45% of the free-standing hybrid carbon nanomaterials papers (GO/rGO/MWCNT) electrical conductivity, achieving the value of 1020 S/m.