Resumo As comunidades quilombolas, estão presentes em diversos estados brasileiros, vivendo em condições de saúde mais precárias. Isto ocorre por conta do isolamento geográfico, das limitações de acesso e da falta de qualidade no serviço quando este é prestado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 160 mulheres adultas, através de um formulário para a coleta de perfil e do questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL – bref. Foi observado que as mulheres tinham em média 40,7 anos (±17,25), casadas, autodeclaradas negras, com fundamental incompleto, do lar, sem renda, com moradia de alvenaria, própria, com até 6 cômodos, abastecidas por caixa de água comunitária, tratada. A Qualidade de Vida, apresentou escores medianos nos domínios: físico (3,18), psicológico (3,4), relações sociais (3,45) e meio ambiente (2,59). Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível caracterizar a comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL quanto as dificuldades de acesso a saúde e geração de renda, fatos que repercutem na sua condição de saúde. Os problemas descritos neste estudo podem contribuir para que ações de saúde sejam planejadas e efetivadas com o intuito de melhorar as condições socioeconômicas e de saúde nessa comunidade, considerando-se o contexto social, político e ambiental, valorizando seus saberes e práticas tradicionais.

Abstract Quilombola communities are present in many Brazilian states living in precarious health conditions. This is due to geographic isolation, limitations to the access of the area in which they live in, and the lack of quality in the service when it is needed to be provided. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 160 adult women were first interviewed through a form to collect a profile and then it was applied the WHOQOL Quality of Life questionnaire – bref. It was observed that the women were on average 40.7 years old (±17.25), married, self-declared black, who did not finish elementary school, housewife, had no income, with their own masonry house, with up to 6 rooms, supplied by a box of community treated water. Quality of Life had median scores in the domains: physical (3.18), psychological (3.4), social relationships (3.45) and environment (2.59). With this research, it was possible to characterize the quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL regarding the difficulties of access to health and income generation, issues that affect their health condition. The problems described in this study can contribute to health actions being planned and carried out in order to improve socioeconomic and health conditions in this community, considering the social, political and environmental context, valuing their traditional knowledge and practices.

Resumo Em uma escala global o Sorghum bicolor (L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes, ocupando o quinto lugar entre todos os cereais. É cultivada na África, Ásia, Oceania e Américas, onde serve como fonte de alimento e ração para humanos e animais, respectivamente. No entanto, a produção é limitada por vários fatores, incluindo pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas que atacam o sorgo, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), comumente chamado de pulgão verde dos cereais, é a praga mais destrutiva do sorgo. O dano de S. graminum ao sorgo é agravado pelo déficit hídrico que favorece sua ocorrência. Informações limitadas sobre a distribuição espacial da praga e seus inimigos naturais impedem o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo ecologicamente corretas. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum e seu inimigo natural Coccinella septempunctata (L.) durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura por meio de análise geoestatística. A distribuição espaço-temporal de S. graminum foi influenciada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento do sorgo, paisagem circundante e presença de seu principal predador C. septempunctata. Além disso, a abundância de C. septempunctata foi influenciada pela densidade de S. graminum. Os resultados deste estudo são necessários para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de manejo de pragas contra S. graminum.

Abstract At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.

Resumo Argilas para o processo de clarificação são largamente utilizadas na indústria de rerrefino de óleos lubrificantes usados, principalmente por sua capacidade adsorvente de reter impurezas. O presente estudo teve objetivo de determinar as condições ótimas do processo de clarificação de lubrificantes usados a partir de argilas naturais e realizar a recuperação de tais argilas. O processo de rerrefino do lubrificante usado foi otimizado a partir de um planejamento experimental. As argilas recuperadas não apresentaram mudanças significativas em suas estruturas originais, de acordo com as técnicas de difração de raios X, espectroscopia no infravermelho e análise termogravimétrica. Os resultados das caracterizações dos lubrificantes atenderam a portaria ANP nº 130, que regulamenta sua comercialização no país. Todos os solventes foram recuperados por destilação a vácuo.

Abstract Clarification process using clays is widely used in the used lubricating oils re-refining industry, mainly because of its adsorbent capacity to retain impurities. This study aimed to the determination of optimal conditions for used lubricating oil clarification process, using natural clays as well as its recovery to be re-used to the process. The re-refining process of used lubricating oil was optimized from experimental design. Recovered clays showed no significant changes in their original structures, according to the X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzes. The results of used lubricating oil characterizations were in accordance to the ANP resolution no 130, which regulates its commercialization in the country. All solvents were recovered by vacuum distillation.

A construção civil movimenta, anualmente, toneladas de cimento para as suas mais diversas aplicações, mas, a sua fabricação gera teores elevados de poluentes ambientais. Decorrente disto tem-se uma constante busca por novos métodos sustentáveis e alternativos de fabricação. Neste trabalho, a pesquisa foi direcionada em dois aspectos: a adição de fibras de coco (FC) e de sisal (FS) a um concreto referência, com a intenção de aumentar suas demandas nacionais e diminuir o impacto ambiental resultante da quantidade de resíduos descartados no ambiente após o consumo do fruto, com redução do consumo de cimento em cada dosagem, respectivamente; e, a fotocatálise de gases poluentes por argamassas à base do nanocomposto dióxido de titânio, fase anatásio. Para a avaliação do concreto com adições foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão axial, variação dimensional de barras de argamassa expostas em solução agressiva de sulfato e o acompanhamento da durabilidade de corpos de prova (CPs) envelhecidos em câmaras de intemperismo de névoa salina e de dióxido de enxofre pela técnica do potencial de corrosão. As argamassas com TiO2 foram avaliadas quanto ao seu potencial fotocatalítico para a redução na concentração de gases tipo NOx em câmara de UV-A, produzida para esta verificação. Os resultados indicaram um aumento em até 16% da resistência mecânica dos concretos com adições e uma eficiência das argamassas com teores de nano TiO2-fase anatásio a partir de 20% em massa, para promover a fotocatálise do NOx ao redor de 40%, em presença de radiação UV-A.

The construction moves annually, tons of cement for their diverse applications, but their manufacturing generates high levels of environmental pollutants. Resulting from this is a constant search for new sustainable and alternative methods. In this work, the research was directed at two aspects: the addition of coconut fibers (CF) and sisal (SF) to a concrete reference, with the intention of increasing their national demands and diminishes the impact of the amount of waste disposed the environment after consumption of the fruit and reducing the cement consumption in each dosage, respectively; and photocatalysis of gaseous pollutants by mortars based nanocomposite titanium dioxide, anatase phase. For the evaluation of concrete with additions testing compressive strength, dimensional change of mortar bars exposed to aggressive sulfate solution and monitoring the durability of specimens aged in chambers salt spray and weathering dioxide were performed the technique of sulfur corrosion potential. Mortars with TiO2 were evaluated for their potential for photocatalytic reduction in the concentration of NOx in gas type UV-A chamber. The results showed an increase up to 16% of the strength of concrete with additions and efficiency of mortars with levels of nano TiO2 anatase-phase from 20%, by weight, to promote photocatalysis of NOx around 40% in the presence UV-A radiation.

Objective: To develop recommendations for the preparation of parenteral drugs (MAP), to assess the transferability of their preparation, from nursing units in the hospital ward to the pharmacy service (SF). Method: A table of stabilities of parenteral drugs included in the pharmacotherapeutic guideline was developed using the american and spanish guidelines. Information about MAP was collected (method of preparation, support, maintenance, validity, administration specifications and packaging) by consulting product technical sheets, pharmaceutical industries, literature review and databases. Results: After reviewing 209 drugs, a list of recommendations was developed. According to the data, MAP will be prepared as follows: 89 drugs will be prepared from SF, 62 drugs at nursing units because of its immediate administration requirement and 58 are already packed for its administration by the industry. Of these 62 drugs prepared a nursing units, 14 of them will be prepared in the following doses by the SF. Therefore, 48 drugs will be prepared at nursing units from the 209 parenteral drugs reviewed. Conclusions: A standardized method of preparation, storage, administration and validity of MAP was established by the SF. The preparation of MAP in the SF extends its shelf life, by considering physicochemical stability, level of risk and product vulnerability to microbiological contamination. The information provided will contribute to a reduction of errors associated with the preparation and administration of MAP.

Objetivo: Elaborar unas recomendaciones de preparación de medicamentos de administración parenteral (MAP) para valorar la posibilidad de transferir su preparación, desde las unidades de enfermería en planta de hospitalización al servicio de farmacia (SF). Método: Se procede a elaborar una tabla de estabilidades de los medicamentos incluidos en la guía farmacoterapéutica del Hospital, aplicando la Guía USP (Pharmaceutical compounding Sterile Preparations) y la Guía de de buenas prácticas de preparación de medicamentos en los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria. Se recopiló información sobre las MAP: método de preparación, compatibilidad, conservación, período de validez, modo de administración y tipo de envase. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante consulta de las fichas técnicas, laboratorios, revisión bibliográfica y otras bases de datos. Resultados: Tras revisar 209 fármacos se elaboró un listado de recomendaciones. Según los datos obtenidos, las MAP se prepararán de la siguiente forma: 89 serán preparadas desde el SF, 62 en unidad de enfermería en planta de hospitalización pues son medicamentos que requieren administración inmediata y 58 ya van acondicionados para su administración por la industria. De los 62 fármacos que se prepararán por enfermería, en 14 de ellos las dosis siguientes se prepararán desde el SF. Por lo tanto de los 209 fármacos sólo 48 se prepararán exclusivamente en la unidad de enfermería. Conclusiones: Desde el SF se ha establecido un método normalizado de preparación, conservación, administración y período de validez de MAP. La preparación de MAP en SF ampliaría su tiempo de conservación, al tener en cuenta la estabilidad fisicoquímica, el nivel de riesgo y la vulnerabilidad del preparado a la contaminación microbiológica. La información aportada contribuirá a una disminución de errores asociados al proceso de preparación y administración de MAP.

O aumento expressivo na produção e consumo de rochas ornamentais tem causado impactos ambientais indesejáveis. No processo de serragem dos blocos são gerados resíduos na forma de lama, que quando seca torna-se um resíduo sólido não biodegradável. Estes resíduos apresentam alguns constituintes em sua composição similares aos normalmente apresentados na massa argilosa utilizada na fabricação de produtos de cerâmica vermelha. O presente trabalho pretende avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas da cerâmica vermelha incorporada com resíduo de rochas ornamentais proveniente do tear de fio diamantado. Foram preparadas cinco composições argilosas contendo 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80% de resíduo de rocha ornamental. Os corpos de prova foram conformados por prensagem uniaxial com dimensões aproximadamente de 110 x 25 x 10 mm³. Foram investigadas as seguintes condições de sinterização: 900 ºC/1 h e 2 h, 1000 ºC/1 h e 2 h e 1100 ºC/1 h e 2 h. As amostras de cerâmica vermelha sinterizadas foram submetidas a ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente e tensão de ruptura à flexão. A estatística de Weibull foi usada para analisar a reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade do ensaio de resistência mecânica. Os resultados mostraram que a condição de sinterização mais favorável foi de 1100 ºC/1 h e a fração de 60% (m/m) de resíduo de rocha ornamental na argila pura é a maior sem prejudicar a qualidade técnica do produto final. Ainda, a destinação do resíduo de rocha ornamental para fabricação de cerâmica vermelha minimiza o impacto ambiental que o mesmo provoca no meio ambiente.

The increase in the production and use of dimension stones promotes undesirable environmental impacts. In the sawing process of blocks, the slurry is generated and becomes a non biodegradable solid waste after drying. These wastes have some composition similar to that of some components present in the clay mass used in the manufacture of red ceramic. This study aims to evaluate the technological properties of red ceramic incorporated with dimension stone waste from the diamond wire loom. The compositions were prepared with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt.% dimension stone waste in the clay. The samples were uniaxially pressed with dimensions approximately 110 x 25 x 10 mm³. The following sintering conditions were investigated: 900 ºC, 1000 ºC and 1100 ºC, all for 1 and 2 h. The sintered samples were characterized by water absorption, density and flexural strength. The Weibull statistics was used to analyze the reproducibility and reliability of the mechanical strength testing. The results showed that the most favorable condition for sintering was 1100 ºC/1 h and that the use of up to 60 wt.% dimension stone waste in pure clay is viable for production of red ceramics. Moreover, the allocation of the dimension stone waste for the manufacture of red ceramics minimizes the environmental impact on the environment.

A perovsquita do tipo LaNiO3 é um material que exibe aplicações em diversas áreas como catálise, óptica, células a combustível de óxido sólido, etc.. Neste trabalho, a otimização da síntese de perovsquitas do tipo LaNiO3 foi feita pelo método dos precursores poliméricos, modificando as razões metal/ácido cítrico e etilenoglicol/ácido cítrico. Em geral, as propriedades destes materiais variam com a composição e com o método de síntese. Os materiais sintetizados foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, análise termogravimétrica e espectroscopia de infravermelho. As perovsquitas com razões metal/ácido cítrico (1,0/1,0) e etilenoglicol/ácido cítrico (60/40) apresentaram melhores resultados em relação à obtenção da fase perovsquita monofásica.

The LaNiO3 perovskite is a material that displays applications in several areas as catalysis, optics, in solid oxide fuel cells, etc. In this work the optimization of the synthesis of LaNiO3 perovskite was performed using the polymeric precursor method, modifying the metal/citric acid and ethyleneglycol/citric acid ratios. In general, the properties of these materials vary with the composition and the synthesis method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The perovskite with ratios metal/citric acid (1.0/1.0) and ethylene glycol/citric acid (60/40) showed better results to obtain the perovskite monophasic phase.

The determination of conversion during suspension polymerization reactions is not an easy task due to the heterogeneity of the reaction medium and the tendency of particles to agglomerate rapidly when stirring is stopped. Usually, bulk polymerization in ampoules is employed to study the kinetics of suspension polymerization reactions. In this work, a comparison of different techniques for the determination of conversion during suspension polymerization reactions is presented. Results showed a good agreement between the conversion obtained by gravimetry during styrene suspension polymerization and on-line conversion monitoring data using fiber-optic based Raman Spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the polymerization rate of styrene bulk polymerization carried out in ampoules was higher than the real reaction rate of styrene suspension polymerization due to slightly higher reaction temperatures. Simulation results using the experimental temperature data in a mathematical model confirmed these results.

O intuito deste estudo foi avaliar as espécies acarinas encontradas em amostras de poeira de cortinas presentes em 33 salas e 22 quartos de um total de 41 domicílios na cidade de Campinas, SP. Foram encontrados 148 ácaros. Desse total, 83 foram encontrados na sala de TV (56,1% do total) e 65 nos quartos (43,9%). As principais subordens encontradas foram: Acaridida (n = 79; 53.4%), Actinedida (n = 53; 35.8%), Oribatida (n = 14; 9.5%) e Gamasida (n = 2; 1.3%). As principais famílias observadas foram: Pyroglyphidae (n = 61; 41,2% do total), Eriophyidae (n = 25; 16,9%), Tarsonemidae (n = 15; 10,1%) e Glycyphagidae (n = 13; 8,8%). Não houve diferença significativa no número de ácaros observados nas amostras da sala e do quarto.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mite fauna present in 33 living room and 22 bedroom curtain dust samples from 41 different homes in the southern Brazilian city of Campinas, SP. A total of 148 mite bodies were found. Of these, 83 were found in living-room curtain samples (56.1% of total) and 65 were in bedroom curtain dust samples (43.9%). The most frequently observed mite suborders were: Acaridida (n = 79; 53.4%), Actinedida (n = 53; 35.8%), Oribatida (n = 14; 9.5%), and Gamasida (n = 2; 1.3%). The most frequent families were Pyroglyphidae (n = 61; 41.2%), Eriophyidae (n = 25; 16.9%), Tarsonemidae (n = 15; 10.1%), and Glycyphagidae (n = 13; 8.8%). No statistical difference was observed between the number of mites found in the samples from living room and bedroom curtains.

Objetives: Digoxin is used to treat congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Blood levels need to be monitored to optimize therapeutic performance, detect noncompliance and reduce toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of digoxin by measuring blood levels of this drug. The influence of sex and age were also considered. Patients and method: A retrospective study reviewed determinations of blood digoxin concentration in hospiatalized and ambulatory patients with congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or both, seen at the University of Granada Teaching Hospital (Spain) from 1992 to 2002. A chi square test was applied to results. Results: A total of 5,623 laboratory tests for digoxin were done for 2,846 adult patients. Patients whose medical record was incomplete were excluded, and the final sample consisted of 2,629 patients. The 55.4% had inappropriate blood levels of digoxin. Inappropriate concentrations to digoxin were significantly higher in women (p < 0.001). The porcentage of patients with high levels of the drug was significantly greater among men (p < 0.001). Very low concentrations (< 0.5 ng/ml) were found in 16% of the patients, with no significant difference between sexes. Conclusions: We detect a large percentage of older patients with inappropriate levels of digoxin in blood. Women were more likely than men to have high levels to digoxin in blood. There is evidence that therapeutic monitoring of blood levels of digoxin is not done as often as is advisable; this has implications for the care of patients being treated with this drug.

Objetivos: Detectar el porcentaje de pacientes con niveles inapropiados de digoxina en una amplia muestra y la posible influencia de la edad (mayores o menores de 65 años), y el sexo. Pacientes y método: Para ello hicimos un estudio retrospectivo sobre las concentraciones de digoxina en sangre de pacientes adultos con insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva y/o fibrilación auricular procedentes del Hospital Universitario San Cecilio entre los años 1992-2002. El análisis estadístico consistió en un análisis descriptivo saeguido de un test de la chi cuadrado para el cálculo de las diferencias entre las distintas variables. Resultados: Sobre un total de 5.623 determinaciones analíticas y 2.849 pacientes se detectó un 55,4% de pacientes con niveles de digoxina en sangre inapropiados. Los niveles inapropiados de digoxina fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de mujeres frente a los varones (p < 0,001). Un 23% de pacientes tuvieron niveles elevados de digoxina en sangre (2 o más ng/ml) y un 16% con niveles muy bajos (0,5 ng/ml o menos). El promedio de determinaciones analíticas de digoxina en sangre por paciente fue de dos a lo largo del período estudiado. Conclusiones: Las mujeres y los ancianos tuvieron mayores porcentajes de concentraciones inapropiadas de digoxina en sangre, siendo las mujeres más proclives a tener tasas inapropiadas y elevadas. La monitorización terapéutica de digoxina en sangre no se utiliza todo lo frecuentemente que se debiera, llevando implícito un mal control del paciente digitalizado. Resaltamos el interés de este tipo de estudios.

In this work we present a comparison between the solar origins of two solar-terrestrial connection events occurring on April 1999 and February 2000, respectively. On April 13 (1999), a coronal mass ejection (CME) appeared for the first time in LASCO-C2 coronagraph field of view at 03:30 UT. The possible solar disc source of this CME was located at coordinates N25 E05, and it consisted on flaring activity together with a filament eruption as seen in EIT images. The geomagnetic storm with a Dst peak of -91 nT registered on April, 17 was attributed to this solar surface activity. On February 8, 9 and 10 (2000) three Earth-directed halo CMEs were recorded by LASCO coronagraphs. The interaction of two of them caused the intense interplanetary geomagnetic storm registered on February 12 (Dst = -110 nT). The CMEs detected on February 8 and 10 were launched from AR 8858 and the source of the activity was attributed to two solar flares of X-ray class M1.3 and C7.3 respectively. The CME detected on February 9 was originated in AR 8853 and flaring activity was also identified as the solar source for this event. In this study we discuss the solar origins of the events that gave rise to coronal and interplanetary disturbances and as a consequence produced geomagnetic activity at the Earth. This work is part of a complete study that is searching the solar origin, the interplanetary aspects and the magnetospheric effects of these events.

Recently, thermoanalytic methods have frequently been used in the characterization of oils and fats. In this work, thermoanalytic and kinetic parameters of sunflower oils, with and without antioxidants, were evaluated using thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric profiles for the sunflower oils had similar characteristics, showing a level stretch indicative of stability up to about 200ºC. Thermal decomposition of these oils occurred in three stages, related to the decomposition of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. DSC curves show two events that characterize the polymerization and decomposition of triglycerides. The heat capacities of the sunflower oils, obtained by DSC, showed a good correlation and were dependent on the composition of fatty acids. The kinetic parameters, obtained by non isothermal thermogravimetry by the Coats and Redfern, Madhusudanan, Horowitz and Metzger and Van Krevelen methods, were dependent on the antioxidant used. Increasing the frying time produced a decrease in the onset of thermal decomposition temperature in the sunflower oils analyzed.