Abstract The ground beetle, Neoaulacoryssus speciosus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is of high relevance to field because it has been recorded as a pest of seeds and young plants of vegetables and other crops and a predator in agricultural crops, forest and weeds in Brazil. However, natural habitat changes are increasing agriculture and forest insect outbreaks in urban areas. A N. speciosus population outbreak occurred in October and November 2018 simultaneously in 12 neighboring municipalities at the beginning of the rainy season in the northern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objectives of this study were to report a sudden and simultaneous population outbreak of N. speciosus and to describe the factors of habitat change that could have contributed to this invasion in 12 municipalities in the northern region of Minas Gerais State in the Caatinga biome of Brazil. In addition, female and male genitals were described and illustrated, the scientific classification revised and common names of N. speciosus listed. Thousands of males and females of N. speciosus agglomerated in shady, humid places during the day and night for about 15 days. Neoaulacoryssus speciosus has been identified and illustrated, its scientific classification revised and four common names listed for this species.

SUMMARY: Adverse events (AE) contribute significantly to postoperative morbidities and comorbidities. Many AEs occur due to a lack of anatomical knowledge and its variants. Latrogenic bile duct injuries, for instance, represent a serious surgical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anatomical knowledge for the identification and adequate drainage of all ducts is relevant and fundamental in order to avoid future errors. The objective of the study was to morphometrically analyze the bile ducts in adult human corpses. 13 livers were extracted from adult human corpses to obtain the ducts: choledochal, common hepatic and cystic. After morphological analysis, duct measurements (length and diameter) were continued using a digital caliper. The data obtained were tabulated in SPSS 21 program, performing descriptive analysis with mean and standard deviation. The averages of bile ducts were 61.05 (± 16.43) mm in length and 3.86 (± 0.72) mm in diameter. The cystic duct length and diameter averages were 33.59 (± 12.29) mm and 3.40 (± 0.79) mm, respectively. The common hepatic ducts had an average of 30.02 (± 7.19) mm in length and 3.74 (± 1.18) mm in diameter. The analyzed samples presented different values ?? from those already described in the literature, where the length of the cystic ducts was greater, while the length of the common hepatic ducts was numerically smaller. This work is very significant, as the morphometric variability of the bile ducts allows for varying morphological situations that can compromise the hepatobiliar physiology.

RESUMEN: Los eventos adversos (EA) contribuyen significativamente a las morbilidades y comorbilidades postoperatorias. Muchos EA se deben a la falta de conocimiento de la anatomía y sus variaciones. Por ejemplo, las lesiones iatrogénicas de las vías biliares representan una complicación quirúrgica grave de la colecistectomía laparoscópica. El conocimiento anatómico para la identificación y drenaje adecuado de todos los conductos es relevante y fundamental para evitar futuros errores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar morfométricamente las vías biliares en cadáveres humanos adultos. Se extrajeron 13 hígados de cadáveres humanos adultos y se retiraron los conductos: colédoco, hepático común y cístico. Después del análisis morfológico, se continuó con las mediciones de los conductos (longitud y diámetro) utilizando un calibrador digital. Los datos fueron tabulados en el programa SPSS 21, mediante análisis descriptivos con media y desviación estándar. Los promedios de las vías biliares fueron de 61,05 (± 16,43) mm de longitud y 3,86 (± 0,72) mm de diámetro. Los promedios de longitud y diámetro del conducto cístico fueron 33,59 (± 12,29) mm y 3,40 (± 0,79) mm, respectivamente. Los conductos hepáticos comunes tenían un promedio de 30,02 (± 7,19) mm de longitud y 3,74 (± 1,18) mm de diámetro. Las muestras analizadas presentaron valores diferentes a los ya descritos en la literatura, donde la longitud de los conductos císticos era mayor, mientras que la longitud de los conductos hepáticos comunes fue numéricamente menor. Este trabajo es significativo, debido a que la variabilidad morfométrica de las vías biliares y permite identificar situaciones morfológicas que pueden comprometer la fisiología hapatobiliar.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human visceral leishmaniasis is considered a major public health problem in the municipality of Cametá, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: This ecological study was conducted using data obtained from official Brazilian agencies. Spatial analysis of the variables was performed using the kernel interpolation technique and the bivariate Global Moran’s Index. RESULTS: The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogeneous, and it was associated with socio-environmental risk factors and public policies. CONCLUSIONS: Different relationships were observed between the variables studied and disease occurrence.

Abstract Myrciaria Cauliflora, popularly known as jabuticaba, is a Brazilian native fruit, rich in antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. In the wake of its properties, the jabuticaba is the study object of current paper which verifies worldwide research and technological development on the fruit. Data on academic research were retrieved from the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the patents were retrieved from Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), European Patent Office (ESPACENET), Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI) and Patentoscope. Studies on the jabuticaba have been frequently developed in recent years and are concentrated in areas of agriculture and food science and technology. Further, there is a gap between scientific research and technological development, albeit complementary.

Abstract Herbicides can impact non-target metabolic pathways in natural enemies and lead to the reduction of these populations in the field. Behavioral characteristics, morphology and histology of reproductive structures and reproduction of females of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were evaluated under the effect of the herbicides atrazine, nicosulfuron and the mixture of both. The number of mature oocytes per ovary was lower in females exposed to the herbicides atrazine, nicosulfuron and the mixture of both. Herbicides did not affect the longevity and mortality of P. nigrispinus, therefore, they are selective for this predator. On the other hand, herbicides can cause sublethal effects by affecting the reproduction of predators.

ABSTRACT Recent research on Vitamin K has shown its importance in maintaining vascular and bone health. Brazilian food composition tables do not show phylloquinone content in national foods. These data are needed to obtain more reliable results in nutritional status assessment studies of individuals in relation to this vitamin as studies have shown a geographical influence in food phylloquinone content. This study aims to determine phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) levels in its most important source: dark green leaved vegetables. Several varieties of vegetables were purchased directly from CEAGESP (General Warehouse Company of São Paulo) at different times. Phylloquinone was extracted using organic solvents and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC. Results show the concentrations of phylloquinone in commonly consumed foodstuffs. In general, results showed variations with data from literature on the amount of Vitamin K in the plants analysed.

Besouros do gênero Rhinochenus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) danificam sementes de espécies da flora do Cerrado brasileiro como o jatobá (Hymenea courbaril L.) e a copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de pupas e adultos de R. stigma, bem como aspectos comportamentais, como a emissão de sons, para auxiliar a sexagem desta espécie. Os insetos foram obtidos de frutos de jatobá coletados no Município de São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. As características morfométricas de pupas e adultos não apresentaram diferenças pelo teste t, não sendo seguras para a diferenciação dos sexos. Para adultos de R. stigma, a sexagem só foi possível após a morte, pela dissecação dos órgãos genitais.

Beetles of genus Rhinochenus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage the seeds of species of flora of Brazilian savannah such as jatobá (Hymenea courbaril L.) and copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Thus, the objective of the present was to evaluate the morphology of pupae and adult R. stigma, as well as behavioral aspects such as emission of sounds, to assist in sexing this species. The insects were obtained from jatobá fruits collected in São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The morphometric characteristics of both phases did not differ by t test, being not safe for the differentiation of the sexes. For adults of R. stigma, sexing was possible only after death, by dissection of the genitalia.

A produtividade das vinhas é frequentemente comprometida por doenças como a esca e a doença de Petri, e por injúria salina. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora é um dos fungos patogénicos associados à esca, mas a sua interação com a planta em condições salinas é praticamente desconhecida. Em condições in vitro controladas, plantas de Vitis vinifera L foram expostas a 0, 20 e 100 mM NaCl e inoculadas com P. chlamydospora. A inoculação e o stress salino mais severo decresceram os conteúdos de clorofilas a e b, sendo o efeito agravado pela combinação dos dois fatores. A salinidade (100 mM) e, sobretudo, a inoculação, diminuíram a fluorescência máxima (Fm), fluorescência variável (Fv) e Fv/Fm. A atividade da αamilase decresceu em plantas expostas a 100 mM ou inoculadas, não se registando efeitos sinérgicos dos dois fatores. A atividade da sintase da sacarose foi inibida apenas pela inoculação; a atividade da invertase sofreu um estímulo em plantas expostas a 20 mM, salinidade moderada; mas decresceu significativamente com a inoculação. Demonstramos aqui que os dois danos, embora afetarem negativamente a fotossíntese e o metabolismo da sacarose, também inibem a amilase o que explicará o aumento de níveis de amido nestas plantas.

Vineyards production is often affected by diseases as esca and Petri disease and by excess of salt. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is one of the pathogenic fungi associated to esca disease, but its interaction with the plant under excess of salt remains unknown. Under controlled in vitro conditions, Vitis vinifera L. plants were exposed to 0, 20 and 100 mM NaCl and inoculated with P. chlamydospora. Both inoculation and salt stress decreased the levels of chlorophylls, which was aggravated when both factors were combined. NaCl 100 mM and, mostly, inoculation, decreased maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv) and Fv/Fm. The activity of α-amylase decreased in plants exposed to 100 mM or inoculated but no synergic effect of these factors was observed; the activity of sucrose synthase was inhibited only by inoculations, whereas invertase was stimulated at 20 mM, but decreased with inoculation. Data support that both excess of salt and fungi inoculation negatively affect photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism, and that they also decrease amylase activity, which may play an important role in the increased levels of starch found in inoculated plants.

Introdução:Cerca de 75% dos casos de rinite têm etiologia alérgica. O diagnóstico de alergia respiratória permite a optimização terapêutica. O ImmunoCAP® Rapid é um método in vitro que permite determinar qualitativamente a presença de IgE específica no sangue total. Objectivo: Avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo negativo e valor preditivo positivo do ImmunoCAP® Rapid para identificação de atopia numa população com rinite, em comparação com Phadiatop®, relativamente aos testes cutâneos em picada (TCP) (gold standard); avaliar também a concordância entre TCP e ImmunoCAP® Rapid. Métodos: Estudo transversal, randomizado, com 40 adultos com rinite observados em consulta de Imunoalergologia, dos quais 30 tinham TCP positivos para aeroalergénios. Todos os indivíduos efectuaram Phadiatop®, ImmunoCAP® Rapid e TCP com os alergénios Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, epitélios de cão e de gato, Blatella germanica, Alternaria alternata, Phleum pratense, Parietaria judaica, Olea europaea, Artemisia vulgaris e Betula verrucosa. Consideraram-se positivos TCP com diâmetro médio da pápula ≥ 3mm relativamente ao controlo negativo. Resultados: Idade média de 34 ± 11 anos, 53% do género feminino. Sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo do ImmunoCAP® Rapid para o diagnóstico de atopia: 90% e 77% (Phadiatop®: 93% e 83%). Especificidade e valor preditivo positivo: 100% em ambos os métodos. A análise por alergénio dos resultados do ImmunoCAP® Rapid e TCP revelou uma concordância média de 88,8% ± 7,4%. O ImmunoCAP® Rapid não identificou pelo menos uma sensibilização em 25 de 30 doentes, totalizando -se 40 resultados negativos com TCP positivos. Conclusão: Atendendo à sua sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo, o ImmunoCAP® Rapid poderá ser considerado um método aceitável para rastreio de atopia em doentes com rinite. A análise do seu desempenho por aeroalergénio revelou, no entanto, que comparativamente aos TCP, não permite identificar a sensibilização a todos os aeroalergénios clinicamente relevantes numa elevada percentagem de doentes.

Background: About 75% of rhinitis patients suffer from allergies. Respiratory allergy diagnosis allows therapeutic optimization. ImmunoCAP® Rapid is an in vitro assay for qualitative determination of specific IgE in human whole blood. Aim: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of ImmunoCAP® Rapid in the identification of atopy in patients with rhinitis, comparing to Phadiatop®, assuming skin prick tests (SPT) as gold standard; to evaluate correlation between SPT and ImmunoCAP® Rapid results for each aeroallergen. Methods: Cross-sectional, randomized study with 40 adult patients with rhinitis observed in the Immunoallergology outpatient unit, 30 of them with positive SPT to at least one aeroallergen. All patients underwent Phadiatop®, ImmunoCAP® Rapid and SPT for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dog and cat dander, Blatella germanica, Alternaria alternata, Phleum pratense, Parietaria judaica, Olea europaea, Artemisia vulgaris and Betula verrucosa. SPT ≥ 3mm than negative control were considered positive. Results: Average age of 34 ± 11 years, 53% female. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of ImmunoCAP® Rapid in the identification of atopy: 90% and 77% (Phadiatop®: 93% and 83%). Specificity and positive predictive value: 100% in both methods. Analysing allergens individually, ImmunoCAP® Rapid and SPT disclosed a mean agreement of 88.8% ± 7.4%. ImmunoCAP® Rapid failed to identify at least one sensitization in 25 of 30 patients, totalizing 40 negative results with positive SPT. Conclusion: Considering its sensitivity and negative predictive value, ImmunoCAP® Rapid might be considered an acceptable method to investigate atopy in patients with rhinitis. However, the analysis of its performance for each aeroallergen revealed, comparatively to SPT, that ImmunoCAP® Rapid does not allow to identify all clinically relevant sensitizations in a considerable percentage of patients.

A fim de inativar a deterioração enzimática, as amostras de farelo de arroz foram submetidas a dois métodos de estabilização. As mudanças do valor nutricional, no que se refere a composição química, os minerais e o conteúdo de ácidos graxos, foram avaliadas para adicionar mais informações aos dados existentes e promover a utilização de farelo de arroz na dieta humana. Os seguintes tratamentos caseiros por calor foram aplicados: torra em forno convencional ou de aquecimento em forno de micro-ondas. Com base nos resultados, os diferentes métodos de aquecimento afetaram a composição das amostras, já que os níveis de alguns nutrientes mostraram alterações significativas (p <0,05), comparado com as amostras cruas correspondentes. O farelo de arroz tratado em fogão convencional forneceu produtos com menos umidade (5,14 ± 0,10 g/100 g) e nutrientes, tais como: de sódio 11,8%; ácido palmítico 9,9% e ácido esteárico 8,1%. O procedimento de forno de micro-ondas resultou em melhor preservação dos nutrientes, com teor de umidade um pouco maior (6,28 ± 0,10 g/100 g), o que parece ser uma ferramenta prática e rápida no tratamento térmico caseiro para o farelo de arroz.

In order to inactivate enzymatic deterioration, whole rice bran samples were subjected to two stabilization methods. Changes in nutritional value in terms of, concerning chemical composition, minerals and fatty acid content, were evaluated to supplement existing data and promote the utilization of rice bran in the human diet. The following homemade heat treatments were applied: roasting on a conventional stove or heating in a microwave oven. Based on the results, the different heating methods affected sample composition, since the levels of some nutrients of treated samples showed significant changes (p<0.05) compared to corresponding raw samples. The rice bran treated on a conventional stove produced products with lower moisture (5.14±0.10 g/100 g) and nutrients such as sodium 11.8%; palmitic acid 9.9% and stearic acid 8.1%. The microwave oven procedure resulted in better nutrient preservation, with slightly higher moisture content (6.28±0.10 g/100 g), and appears to be a practical and rapid tool for home heat stabilization of rice bran.

Introdução: No lactente a causa mais frequente de deficiência de cobalamina é a carência alimentar da mãe, e geralmente em crianças em aleitamento materno exclusivo. As manifestações clínicas nos primeiros meses de vida, incluem, irritabilidade, má progressão estaturoponderal, apatia e anorexia, bem como manifestações neurológicas como hipotonia e regressão no desenvolvimento psicomotor. Caso clínico: Apresenta-se um caso de anemia megaloblástica por défice de cobalamina num lactente com sete meses de idade em aleitamento materno exclusivo. Um mês antes do internamento apresentava apatia e regressão no desenvolvimento psicomotor, a que mais tarde se associou palidez cutânea. A avaliação laboratorial evidenciou pancitopenia com anemia grave. Conclusão: A idade de início precoce e a longa duração dos sintomas neurológicos podem contribuir para a persistência de sintomas a longo prazo, sendo por isso fundamentais o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.

Introduction: The most common cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants is dietary deficiency in the mother, usually in those children who are exclusively breastfed. In the first months of life, the clinical manifestations of cobalamin deficiency include irritability, failure to thrive, apathy, anorexia, and neurological manifestations such as hypotonia or developmental regression. Case report: We report a case of megaloblastic anaemia due to cobalamin deficiency in a seven-month-old girl who was exclusively breastfed. One month before being admitted she started apathy and developmental regression, later associated with pallor. Laboratory findings showed pancytopenia with severe anaemia. Conclusions: The early age of onset and long duration of neurological symptoms may contribute to the development of long-term symptoms, so early diagnosis and treatment are of extreme importance.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as funções executivas de indivíduos obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. MÉTODO: Trinta e oito indivíduos obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica foram comparados com 38 controles obesos sem transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica em termos de suas funções executivas. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: Digit Span, Trail Making Tests A e B, Stroop Test e Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Adicionalmente, quatro subtestes da Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome Battery foram também utilizados, a saber: Zoo Map Test, Modified Six Elements Test, Action Program Test e The Rule Shift Cards Test. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados a controles obesos, indivíduos obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica apresentaram déficits significativos no Digit Span Backward, Zoo Map Test, Modified Six Elements Test e no Action Program Test. Os indivíduos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica também apresentaram significativamente mais erros perseverativos e de mudança de set no Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Em outras medidas, tais como Digit Span Forward, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test e The Rule Shift Cards Test, os indivíduos obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica não diferiram significativamente dos obesos sem transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que, neste estudo, os indivíduos obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica apresentaram déficits executivos evidenciados por dificuldades na capacidade para resolução de problemas, na flexibilidade cognitiva e na memória operacional.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess executive functions of obese individuals with binge eating disorder. METHOD: Thirty-eight obese individuals with binge eating disorder were compared to thirty-eight obese controls without binge eating disorder in terms of their executive functions. All individuals were assessed using the following instruments: Digit Span, Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In addition, four subtests from the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome Battery were also used, namely the Zoo Map Test, the Modified Six Elements Test, the Action Program Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test. RESULTS: When compared to obese controls, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented significant impairment in the following tests: Digit Span backward, Zoo Map Test, Modified Six Elements Test, and Action Program Test. Subjects with binge eating disorder also showed significant more set shifting and perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In other measures such as the Digit Span Forward, the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test, obese subjects with binge eating disorder did not differ significantly from obese subjects without binge eating disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, in the present sample, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented executive deficits, especially impairments relating to problem-solving, cognitive flexibility and working memory.

Um estudo prospectivo, sobre a sensibilidade antimicrobiana da flora bacteriana em úlceras cutâneas leishmanióticas, foi realizado em pacientes portadores de leishmaniose tegumentar, em Corte de Pedra, Bahia. Foram estudados 84 pacientes, principalmente adolescentes e adultos dedicados à lavoura, apresentando lesão cutânea única. Staphylococcus aureus predominou (83%) nas culturas, sendo sensível à maioria dos antibióticos testados. Flora bacteriana mista esteve presente na úlcera em 37 (44,1%) pacientes. Entre as bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas, foram mais freqüentes Enterobacter sp (13,1%), Proteus sp (8,3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7,1%) e Klebsiella sp (7,1%), sendo sensíveis principalmente à ciprofloxacina, aminoglicosídeos, cefalosporinas de terceira geração e carbapenêmicos.

A prospective study regarding aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility aspects was realized among patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis in Corte de Pedra, Bahia. Cases were composed mainly of adolescent and adult farmer patients with single lesions. Staphylococcus aureus predominated (83%) in the culteres with susceptibility to the majority of antibiotics. A mixed bacterial flora in ulcers was encountered in 37 (44,1%) patients. Among the gram-negative bacteria isolated, Enterobacter sp (13.1%), Proteus sp (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%) and Klebsiella sp (7.1%) were mainly found with susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, third generation cephalosporin and carbapenems.

Em um estudo prospectivo para avaliar a influência da infecção bacteriana secundária na evolução da leishmaniose cutânea, em Corte de Pedra (Bahia), obteve-se o isolamento de Corynebacterium diphtheriae em 7(8,3%) de 84 pacientes portadores de úlceras, avaliados. Devido ao pequeno número de pacientes com a presença da bactéria na úlcera, não foi possível concluir se Corynebacterium diphtheriae comporta-se apenas como colonizante, nem sobre a sua influência no processo de cicatrização da úlcera leishmaniótica.

In a prospective study to evaluate the influence of secondary bacterial infection on the evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Corte de Pedra (Bahia), we isolated Corynebacterium diphtheriae in 7 (8.3%) out of 84 patients with ulcers studied. Due to the small number of patients with the presence of the bacteria in the ulcer, we could not conclude whether Corynebacterium diphtheriae behaves only as a colonizer nor its influence on the healing of the leishmaniotic ulcer.