Objective: to analyze the trend of incompleteness of the variables of maternal education and skin color in the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc), in Brazil, between 2012 and 2020. Methods: ecological time series study of the incompleteness of maternal education and skin color for Brazil, regions and federation units, through joinpoint regression and calculation of annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change. Results: a total of 26,112,301 births were registered in Brazil in the period. Brazil (APC = -8.1%) and the Southeast (APC = -19.5%) and Midwest regions (APC = -17.6%) decreased the incompleteness of maternal education; as for race/skin color, there was a downward trend for Brazil (APC = -8.2%) and all regions, except Northeast, and nine FUs and Federal District showed stationary trend. Conclusion: there was an improvement in filling out these variables in Sinasc, but with regional disparities, mainly for skin color.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de incompletitud de educación y raza/color de piel materna en el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivo (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012-2020. Métodos: estudio ecológico de serie temporal sobre la incompletitud de la educación y raza/color de piel materna para Brasil, regiones y unidades de la federación, a través de regresión de joinpoint y cálculo de cambio porcentual anual (APC) y cambio porcentual anual promedio. Resultados: se registraron 26.112.301 nacimientos en Brasil en el período. Brasil (APC = -8,1%) y regiones Sudeste (APC = -19,5%) y Centro-Oeste (APC = -17,6%) disminuirán la incompletud de la educación materna. En cuanto a raza/color de piel, hubo un descenso para Brasil (APC = -8,2%) y todas las regiones, excepto Nordeste, y nueve UF y Distrito Federal presentaron tendencia estacionaria. Conclusión:e llenado das variables en el Sinasc ha mejorado, pero con disparidades regionales, principalmente por raza/color de piel.

Objetivo: analisar a tendência da incompletude das variáveis Escolaridade e Raça/cor da pele da mãe no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012 e 2020. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da Escolaridade e da Raça/cor da pele da mãe para o Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades da Federação, pela regressão por joinpoint, e cálculo da variação percentual anual (VPA) e da variação percentual anual média. Resultados: foram registrados 26.112.301 nascimentos no Brasil, no período; no país (VPA = -8,1%) e em suas regiões Sudeste (VPA = -19,5%) e Centro-Oeste (VPA = -17,6%), houve redução da incompletude da escolaridade materna; quanto à raça/cor da pele da mãe, observou-se queda para o Brasil (VPA = -8,2%) e todas suas regiões, exceto a Nordeste, e nove UFs e o Distrito Federal com tendência estável. Conclusão: o preenchimento das variáveis no Sinasc melhorou, porém com disparidades regionais, principalmente quanto à raça/cor da pele.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de incompletitud de educación y raza/color de piel materna en el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivo (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012-2020. Métodos: estudio ecológico de serie temporal sobre la incompletitud de la educación y raza/color de piel materna para Brasil, regiones y Unidades de la Federación (UF), a través de regresión de joinpoint y cálculo de cambio porcentual anual (APC) y cambio porcentual anual promedio Resultados: se registraron 26.112.301 nacimientos en Brasil en el período. Brasil (APC = -8,1%) y regiones Sudeste (APC = -19,5%) y Centro-Oeste (APC = -17,6%) disminuirán la incompletud de la educación materna. En cuanto a raza/color de piel, hubo un descenso para Brasil (APC = -8,2%) y todas las regiones, excepto Nordeste, y nueve UF y Distrito Federal presentaron tendencia estacionaria. Conclusión: e llenado das variables en el Sinasc ha mejorado, pero con disparidades regionales, principalmente por raza/color de piel.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a tendência da incompletude das variáveis escolaridade e raça/cor da pele da mãe no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012 e 2020. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da escolaridade e da raça/cor da pele da mãe para o Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades da Federação, pela regressão por joinpoint, e cálculo da variação percentual anual (VPA) e da variação percentual anual média. Resultados: foram registrados 26.112.301 nascimentos no Brasil, no período; no país (VPA = -8,1%) e em suas regiões Sudeste (VPA = -19,5%) e Centro-Oeste (VPA = -17,6%), houve redução da incompletude da escolaridade materna; quanto à raça/cor da pele da mãe, observou-se queda para o Brasil (VPA = -8,2%) e todas as suas regiões, exceto o Nordeste, e nove UFs e o Distrito Federal com tendência estável. Conclusão: o preenchimento das variáveis no Sinasc melhorou, porém com disparidades regionais, principalmente quanto à raça/cor da pele.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the trend of incompleteness of the maternal schooling and race/skin color variables held on the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC) between 2012 and 2020. Methods: this was an ecological time series study of the incompleteness of maternal schooling and race/skin color data for Brazil, its regions and Federative Units, by means of joinpoint regression and calculation of annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change. Results: a total of 26,112,301 births were registered in Brazil in the period; incompleteness of maternal schooling data decreased for Brazil (APC = -8.1%) and the Southeast (APC = -19.5%) and Midwest (APC = -17.6%) regions; as for race/skin color, there was a downward trend for Brazil (APC = -8.2%) and all regions, except the Northeast region, while nine Federative Units and the Federal District showed a stationary trend. Conclusion: there was an improvement in filling out these variables on the SINASC, but with regional disparities, mainly for race/skin color.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the trend of incompleteness of the maternal schooling and race/skin color variables held on the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC) between 2012 and 2020. Methods: this was an ecological time series study of the incompleteness of maternal schooling and race/skin color data for Brazil, its regions and Federative Units, by means of joinpoint regression and calculation of annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change. Results: a total of 26,112,301 births were registered in Brazil in the period; incompleteness of maternal schooling data decreased for Brazil (APC = -8.1%) and the Southeast (APC = -19.5%) and Midwest (APC = -17.6%) regions; as for race/skin color, there was a downward trend for Brazil (APC = -8.2%) and all regions, except the Northeast region, while nine Federative Units and the Federal District showed a stationary trend. Conclusion: there was an improvement in filling out these variables on the SINASC, but with regional disparities, mainly for race/skin color.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de incompletitud de educación y raza/color de piel materna en el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivo (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012-2020. Métodos: estudio ecológico de serie temporal sobre la incompletitud de la educación y raza/color de piel materna para Brasil, regiones y Unidades de la Federación (UF), a través de regresión de joinpoint y cálculo de cambio porcentual anual (APC) y cambio porcentual anual promedio Resultados: se registraron 26.112.301 nacimientos en Brasil en el período. Brasil (APC = -8,1%) y regiones Sudeste (APC = -19,5%) y Centro-Oeste (APC = -17,6%) disminuirán la incompletud de la educación materna. En cuanto a raza/color de piel, hubo un descenso para Brasil (APC = -8,2%) y todas las regiones, excepto Nordeste, y nueve UF y Distrito Federal presentaron tendencia estacionaria. Conclusión: e llenado das variables en el Sinasc ha mejorado, pero con disparidades regionales, principalmente por raza/color de piel.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a tendência da incompletude das variáveis escolaridade e raça/cor da pele da mãe no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), Brasil, entre 2012 e 2020. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da escolaridade e da raça/cor da pele da mãe para o Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades da Federação, pela regressão por joinpoint, e cálculo da variação percentual anual (VPA) e da variação percentual anual média. Resultados: foram registrados 26.112.301 nascimentos no Brasil, no período; no país (VPA = -8,1%) e em suas regiões Sudeste (VPA = -19,5%) e Centro-Oeste (VPA = -17,6%), houve redução da incompletude da escolaridade materna; quanto à raça/cor da pele da mãe, observou-se queda para o Brasil (VPA = -8,2%) e todas as suas regiões, exceto o Nordeste, e nove UFs e o Distrito Federal com tendência estável. Conclusão: o preenchimento das variáveis no Sinasc melhorou, porém com disparidades regionais, principalmente quanto à raça/cor da pele.

ABSTRACT Objective: We evaluated the association between cognitive deficits and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in HIV-1-infected individuals. Design: 73 HIV-1-infected patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluation and 91 healthy controls were included in this study. Fifteen HIV-1 positive patients did not have cognitive disorders whereas 26 had asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder (ANI), 13 presented mild to moderate neurocognitive disorder (MND), and 10 had HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Methods: DNA from the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected patients was used for measurement of telomere length by real-time PCR. HIV-1 viral load was determined in blood. Results: LTL decreased with age in healthy controls (p=0.0001). Regardless of the HIV status, age-matched LTL from HIV patients, including those with ANI and MND, were shortened in comparison to the healthy control group (p=0.0073); however, no association was found among the HIV-1-infected individuals with cognitive deficits (p=0.01). In addition, no gender-related association with LTL was observed (p=0.80), smoking, physical exercise, and plasma viral load were not correlated to telomere length (p=0.66). Conclusions: We concluded that leukocyte telomere length may not be a marker of cellular senescence in individuals with HIV infection and neurocognitive disorders.

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis precedes all chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression are not understood. Aberrant miRNA expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The objective of this study was to compare miRNA expression profiles of patients with Binet A chronic lymphocytic leukemia with those of subjects with high-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and healthy volunteers (controls). Methods Twenty-one chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, 12 subjects with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and ten healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry CD19+CD5+-based cell sorting was performed for the chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis groups and CD19+ cells were sorted to analyze the control group. The expressions of miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR-29b, miR-34a, miR-181a, miR-181b and miR-155) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Significant differences between the expressions in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis groups were restricted to the expression of miR-155, which was higher in the former group. A comparison between healthy controls and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis/chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients revealed higher miR-155 and miR-34a levels and lower miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR-181a and miR-181b in the latter group. Conclusions Our results show a progressive increase of miR-155 expression from controls to monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The role of miR-155 in the development of overt chronic lymphocytic leukemia in individuals with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis must be further analyzed.

RESUMO O sistema serotoninérgico apresenta funções no controle de eventos biológicos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento adequado do sistema nervoso. A serotonina e o transportador de serotonina são indispensáveis para esta função de controle. A disponibilidade destes componentes é precisamente regulada durante o período de desenvolvimento, e podem sofrer interferências provindas do ambiente alterando sua ação sobre o sistema nervoso. A desnutrição, a inibição da recaptação da serotonina a partir de fármacos e mudanças na expressão de gênica do transportador de serotonina na gestação e lactação podem induzir o aumento de serotonina alterando sua ação anorexígena. As respostas fisiológicas desempenhadas pela serotonina no controle da ingestão exibem uma resistência quando requisitadas por estímulos ou estresses agudos, demonstrando que os animais ou indivíduos desenvolvem adaptações de acordo com as agressões ambientais sofridas no período de desenvolvimento. Patologias como, ansiedade e obesidade, parecem estar associadas à resposta do organismo a um estresse ou estímulo, necessitando de uma maior ação do sistema serotoninérgico. Estes achados demonstram a importância do conteúdo da serotonina no período perinatal ao desenvolvimento de aspectos moleculares e morfológicos do controle da ingestão alimentar, e sua função determinante para a compreensão das possíveis influências ambientais causadoras de patologias na vida adulta.

ABSTRACT The serotoninergic system controls key events related to proper nervous system development. The neurotransmitter serotonin and the serotonin transporter are critical for this control. Availability of these components is minutely regulated during the development period, and the environment may affect their action on the nervous system. Environmental factors such as undernutrition and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft and change its anorectic action. The physiological responses promoted by serotonin on intake control decrease when requested by acute stimuli or stress, demonstrating that animals or individuals develop adaptations in response to the environmental insults they experience during the development period. Diseases, such as anxiety and obesity, appear to be associated with the body’s response to stress or stimulus, and require greater serotonergic system action. These findings demonstrate the importance of the level of serotonin in the perinatal period to the development of molecular and morphological aspects of food intake control, and its decisive role in understanding the possible environmental factors that cause diseases in adulthood.

This study evaluated the relative occurrences of BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) infections in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urine samples were analysed from CKD patients and from 99 patients without CKD as a control. A total of 100 urine samples were analysed from the experimental (CKD patients) group and 99 from the control group. Following DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 173 bp region of the gene encoding the T antigen of the BKV and JCV. JCV and BKV infections were differentiated based on the enzymatic digestion of the amplified products using BamHI endonuclease. The results indicated that none of the patients in either group was infected with the BKV, whereas 11.1% (11/99) of the control group subjects and 4% (4/100) of the kidney patients were infected with the JCV. High levels of urea in the excreted urine, low urinary cellularity, reduced bladder washout and a delay in analysing the samples may have contributed to the low prevalence of infection. The results indicate that there is a need to increase the sensitivity of assays used to detect viruses in patients with CDK, especially given that polyomavirus infections, especially BKV, can lead to a loss of kidney function following transplantation.

Estrogen has an important function in swine reproduction and growth. A Pvu II restriction enzyme polymorphism has been proven to be an important genetic variation in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR) and may be considered as a candidate gene for use in pig production but there is no data regarding the prevalence of this polymorphism in the Brazilian pig population. We used DNA samples from the following three purebred pig breeds: Large White (336 females and 26 males), Landrace (304 females and 27 males) and Pietrain (125 females and 11 males). The ESR genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. For each breed, genotypes for the ESR gene were compared independently for expected progeny differences (EPD) in litter size (LS), average daily weight gain (DWG) (g/day) and back fat thickness (BT) as measured in mm by ultrasound. In the Large White breed, but not the other breeds, the ESR genotype was significantly (p < 0.05) associated to LS, DWG and BT. Large Whites genotyped as AA or AB had higher EPD values for the LS and BT traits compared to BB Large Whites, while AA Large Whites had higher DWG EPD values than BB Large Whites. Our results for the Large White population showed that the A allele has a beneficial effect on LS, DWG and BT expected progeny differences.

O aumento da produtividade e qualidade dos produtos animais vem se tornando de grande interesse econômico. A prolactina (PRL) é um hormônio essencial para o sucesso reprodutivo e seu receptor (RPRL) tem sido detectado em vários tecidos². O gene RPRL foi recentemente mapeado em suínos no cromossomo 16(6). Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a frequência genotípica do RPRL em três diferentes raças de suíno, Landrace, Large White e Pietrain e correlacionar os genótipos com características de interesse. Foram analisados um total de 124 animais. O DNA foi extraído de sangue total suíno e submetido a técnica de PCR-RFLP, para determinação do genótipo do gene do receptor da prolactina. As análises estatísticas mostraram que o genótipo RPRL teve efeito sobre peso médio diário na raça Landrace (p<0,0135). As médias de DEPGMD na raça Landrace também foram diferentes em relação ao genótipo (p< 0,0610), confirmando a análise dos dados reais de Ganho de Peso Médio Diário. Métodos de seleção assistida por marcadores, juntamente com métodos de seleção tradicional poderão ser utilizados para potencializar e acelerar o melhoramento de características de interesse econômico em suínos, onde o gene do receptor de prolactina (RPRL) poderá ser utilizado como um marcador molecular para o ganho de peso médio diário real e sua DEP.

The productivity and quality increase of the animal products is coming to be of big economic interest. The prolactin (PRL) is an essencial hormone for the reproductive sucess and its receptor (PRLR) has been detected in several tissues (Kelly et al., 1991). The PRLR gene has been recently mapped to pig chromosome 16 (Vincent et al., 1997).This research was aimed at analyzing the PRLR genotypical frequency in three different swine races, Landrace, Large White and Pietrain and correlate the genotypes with characteristics of economic interest. It was analyzed 124 animals. The DNA was extracted from the pig blood and submited to PCR-RFLP technique, to the genotypes determination of the prolactin receptor gene. The statistics analysis showed that the PRLR genotypes had an effect on the daily average weight of the Landrace race (p<0,0135). The averages of EDP (Expected Difference of Progeny) in daily average weight of the Landrace race were also different in relation to the genotypes (p<0.0610), confirming the real data analysis of daily average weight increase. Attended selection methods by markers, together with traditional seletion methods can be used to increase and accelerate the improvement of economic interest characteristics in pigs, while the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) can be used as a molecular marker for the real daily average weight increase and its EDP.

Dois polimorfismos (GHC e GHD) no gene que codifica para o hormônio do crescimento foram determinados em um total de 96 animais de três raças de suínos (Pietrain, Large White e Landrace), através da PCR-RFLP. As freqüências alélicas observadas para GHC foram C1 0,42, C2 0,0, C3 0,06 e C4 0,52 para Landrace; C1 0,0, C2 0,03, C3 0,14 e C4 0,83 para Large White e C1 0,02, C2 0,25, C3 0,28 e C4 0,45 para Pietrain. Para GHD, as freqüências alélicas observadas foram D1 0,69 e D2 0,31 para Landrace; D1 0,25 e D2 0,75 para Large White e D1 0,72 e D2 0,28 para Pietrain.

Two polymorphisms (GHC and GHD) in the growth hormone gene were evaluated in the ninety-six (96) animals of three breeds of pigs (Pietrain, Large White, and Landrace), through PCR-RFLP. Allele frequencies observed for the GHC polymorphism were: C1 0.42, C2 0.0, C3 0.06 and C4 0.52 for Landrace; C1 0.0, C2 0.03, C3 0.14 and C4 0.83 for Large White and C1 0.02, C2 0.25, C3 0.28 and C4 0.45 for Pietrain. The GHD polymorphism presented the following allele frequencies:. D1 0.69 and D2 0.31 for Landrace; D1 0.25 and D2 0.75 for Large White and D1 0.72 and D2 0.28 for Pietrain.