Sitophilus zeamais e Tribolium castaneum são importantes insetos-pragas de grãos armazenados e seus danos correspondem a aproximadamente 25% das perdas na pós-colheita do Brasil. Entre as formas de controle destaca-se o uso de pós-inertes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a mortalidade de adultos de S. zeamais e T. castaneum com uso de terra de diatomácea (TD) em diferentes dosagens e períodos de exposição. Os tratamentos com terra de diatomácea foram: 1.000 e 2.000 g.t-1 e controle (sem aplicação). Os insetos (10 de cada espécie) foram acondicionados em recipientes plásticos de 300 mL, contendo 100 g de grãos de milho com diferentes umidades (12, 14 e 16% b.u.). As infestações ocorreram 1 hora, 10 e 20 dias após a aplicação da TD. Avaliou-se a mortalidade aos 30 e 60 dias. Foram realizadas cinco repetições/tratamento. Obteve-se maior mortalidade para a espécie S. zeamais do que T. castaneum, sendo que ela aumenta conforme o tempo de exposição dos insetos. Conclui-se que a espécie T. castaneum apresenta maior tolerância e que quanto maior tempo os insetos estiverem em contato com grãos tratados maior será a mortalidade.

Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum are important insect pests of stored grain and their damage corresponds to approximately 25% of post-harvest losses in Brazil. The methods used for the control of these pests notably include the use of post-harvest inert dusts. Therefore, the objective was to assess the mortality of adult S. zeamais and T. castaneum with the use of diatomaceous earth (DE) at different dosages and durations. The treatments with diatomaceous earth were 1,000 and 2,000 GT-1 and control (no application). Insects (10 each species) were placed in 300-ml plastic containers containing 100 g of corn kernels with different moisture contents (12, 14 and 16% wb). Infestations occurred 1 hour, 10 and 20 days after the application of TD. Mortality was evaluated at 30 and 60 days. There were five replicates per treatment. There was a higher mortality for the species S. zeamais than for T. castaneum, and this morality rate increased in direct relation to insect exposure time. It was concluded that T. castaneum has greater tolerance and that the more time the insects are in contact with treated grain the greater the mortality.

Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the major pests of Rosaceae, causing significant damage to buds and fruits. In Southern Brazil, its population density is reduced during Rosaceae dormancy months. The present study evaluated the influence of different photoperiods (L:D) (10:14, 11:13, 12:12, 13:11, 14:10 and 16:8) at 25 ± 1ºC and 60 ± 10% RH on diapause induction of G. molesta eggs, larvae, prepupae, and pupae. The effects of the photoperiod on the life cycle of non-diapausing insects and on the second generation were also assessed. Prepupal diapause was observed only when eggs and neonates (< 12h-old larvae) were exposed to photophases from 10h to 14h long. Development of non-diapausing individuals and those from the second generation tended to be longer in photophases between 10h and 14h long.

Antennal sensilla of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. In the flagellum, there are trichoid, basiconic, clavate type I and II, and styloconic sensilla and microtrichia. Only microtrichiae and chaetica sensilla were observed in the scape and pedicel. The number of sensilla in the flagellum was similar between sexes. At the apex there was a higher density of trichoid and an absence of clavate sensilla, while basiconic sensilla were more abundant in the proximal region.

RESUMO A mariposa-oriental Grapholita molesta (Lep.: Tortricidae) destaca-se como uma das principais pragas das rosáceas no Brasil. Durante a alimentação, as lagartas fazem galerias em brotos e frutos, prejudicando a produção comercial. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a influência de voláteis de plantas de macieira e pessegueiro e a interação destes com o feromônio sexual sintético, na percepção eletrofisiológica e no comportamento quimiotáxico (olfatometria) da espécie. Observou-se a percepção eletroantenográfica de ambos os sexos de G. molesta, alimentados ou não, a extratos de broto, fruto verde e fruto maduro de macieira (Malus domestica, var. Gala) e pessegueiro (Prunus persicae, var. Chiripá). Os fatores endógenos avaliados foram a idade, o status de cópula e a alimentação, em resposta ao extrato de broto de pessegueiro (EBP). O efeito da interação desse extrato com o feromônio foi avaliado em machos. A percepção eletrofisiológica de machos e fêmeas aos diferentes extratos de planta não variou com a condição alimentar. Para ambos os sexos, o EBP gerou as maiores respostas eletrofisiológicas. O comportamento quimiotáxico ao EPB tendeu a ser maior em fêmeas copuladas. Na percepção eletrofisiológica, houve efeito aditivo entre o atraente sexual e o EBP em antenas de machos. No entanto, os resultados comportamentais não corroboraram o observado em eletroantenografia. Os resultados obtidos auxiliam na compreensão da influência dos fatores endógenos na comunicação química entre G. molesta e seus hospedeiros, possibilitando maior adequação e confiabilidade na utilização do controle comportamental com o uso de infoquímicos.

ABSTRACT The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lep.: Tortricidae), stands out as one of the most important pests in Rosaceae orchards in Brazil. During feeding, caterpillars bore into shoots, branches and fruits, impairing the commercial production. The present work was aimed to study the influence of the host plant volatiles and the interaction of these with synthetic sex pheromone in the chemical perception and in the chemotactic behavior (olfatometry) of this species. The electroantennographic perception of both sexes of G. molesta that had been fed or not fed extracts of shoots and ripe and unripe fruits of apple (Malus domestica, Gala cv.) and peach (Prunus persicae, Chiripá cv.) trees was observed. The endogenous factors evaluated were the age, the mating status and the feeding in response to peach-tree shoots extract (PTSE). The effect of the extract interaction with pheromone was evaluated in males. The electrophysiological perception of the plant volatiles by males and females did not vary with feeding status. For both sexes, PTSE elicited the stronger electrophysiological responses. The chemotactical behavior in the presence of PTSE showed a tendency to be higher in mated females. An additive effect was noticed between the sexual attractant and the PTSE in the males’ electrophysiological perception. However, the behavioral results did not corroborate with those obtained in the electroantennography. The results obtained aid in the understanding of the interference of endogenous factors in the chemical communication among G. molest and host plants, improving the adaptation and reliability of infochemicals in the behavioral control of the oriental fruit moth.