Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos métodos de Eberhart & Russell e Lin & Binns, modificados para automação da tomada de decisão pela lógica difusa, na avaliação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Foram avaliadas 18 cultivares do grupo comercial carioca em 11 ambientes, no Brasil. Todos os resultados foram obtidos por programação no programa R. Os controladores desenvolvidos foram fundamentados no sistema de inferência difusa desenvolvido por Mamdani. Este sistema foi modelado para possibilitar interpretações do método de Eberhart & Russell isoladamente ou em conjunto com o método de Lin & Binns modificado. O controlador baseado em Eberhart & Russell e o baseado em Eberhart & Russell e Lin & Binns identificaram as mesmas cultivares como tendo adaptabilidade geral, mas diferiram quanto à classificação das cultivares adaptadas a ambientes desfavoráveis. As cultivares BRSMG Pioneiro, BRS Pontal, IAC-Carioca Tybatã e IPR Juriti apresentaram adaptabilidade geral, enquanto Campeão, Pérola e BRS Estilo mostraram adaptabilidade específica a ambientes favoráveis. Os métodos de lógica difusa utilizados mostram eficiência e possibilitam a classificação de todas as cultivares avaliadas.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the methods of Eberhart & Russell and Lin & Binns, modified for the automation of decision-making by fuzzy logic, in assessing the adaptability and stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars. Eighteen cultivars of the “carioca” commercial group were evaluated in 11 environments, in Brazil. All results were obtained by programming in the R software. The developed controllers were based on the fuzzy inference system developed by Mamdani. This system was modeled to enable interpretations of the method of Eberhart & Russell alone or together with the modified method of Lin & Binns. The controller based on Eberhart & Russell and the one based on Eberhart & Russell and Lin & Binns identified the same cultivars as having general adaptability, but differed as to the classification of cultivars adapted to unfavorable environments. The BRSMG Pioneiro, BRS Pontal, IAC-Carioca Tybatã, and IPR Juriti cultivars presented general adaptability, whereas Campeão, Pérola, and BRS Estilo showed specific adaptability to favorable environments. The fuzzy logic methods used are efficient and allow the classification of all evaluated cultivars.

ABSTRACT: The methods of Annicchiarico (1992) and Cruz et al. (1989) are widely used in phenotypic adaptability and stability analyses in plant breeding. In spite of the importance of these methodologies, their parameters are difficult to interpret. The aim of this research was to develop fuzzy controllers to automate the decision-making process employed by adaptability and stability studies following the methods adopted by Annicchiarico (1992) and Cruz et al. (1989) and check their efficiency using experimental data from common bean cultivars. Fuzzy controllers have been developed based on the Mamdani inference system proposed by these two methods of adaptability and stability studies. For the first fuzzy controller parameters were considered favorable environments and the recommendation index for unfavorable environments obtained by Annicchiarico's method (1992). For the second controller the parameters considered were the general mean (β0), coefficient of regression of unfavorable environments (β1) and coefficient of favorable environments (β1i + β2i) and the coefficient of determination of the method of Cruz et al. (1989). To check the performance of these drivers yield data from field trials on 18 common bean cultivars grown in 11 environments were used. The controllers were developed from established routines in the R software and, using the inference system based on the methods proposed by Annicchiarico (1992) and Cruz et al. (1989), classified the 18 genotypes appropriately in accordance with the criteria for each method. Thus, the methods used are effective, and are prescribed for decision-making automation in yield adaptability and stability studies pertaining to recommendation of cultivars.

É proposta uma nova metodologia para inoculação de Uromyces appendiculatus a fim de avaliar a resistência do feijoeiro à ferrugem. As linhagens Golden Gate Wax (gene Ur-6) e Ouro Negro (gene Ur-ON) foram cruzadas para a obtenção de uma população F2, que foi inoculada com a raça 29-3 de U. appendiculatus. Essa raça é incompatível com Ouro Negro e compatível com Golden Gate Wax. Folhas primárias das plantas F2 foram destacadas dez dias após a semeadura e inoculadas por submersão em suspensão de inóculo. Posteriormente, cada folha foi transferida para uma placa de Petri contendo papel de filtro umedecido com água destilada, e as placas foram, então, incubadas em BOD a 20ºC, em regime de 12h de luz dia-1. A umidade no interior das placas foi mantida pela adição de 1,5 mL de água destilada em intervalos de três dias. Como controle, as folhas primárias remanescentes das plantas F2, no mesmo estágio de desenvolvimento, foram inoculadas utilizando o método convencional de inoculação. Ambos os procedimentos de inoculação foram eficientes para avaliar a reação do feijoeiro ao U. appendiculatus. Em ambos os métodos, a análise fenotípica da população F2 confirmou a natureza monogênica dominante da resistência à ferrugem conferida pelo gene Ur-ON.

A new methodology of inoculating Uromyces appendiculatus in tests aimed at evaluation of common bean resistance to rust is proposed. The common bean lines Golden Gate Wax (gene Ur-6) and Ouro Negro (gene Ur-ON) were crossed to obtain a F2 population, which was inoculated with race 29-3 of U. appendiculatus. Race 29-3 is incompatible with 'Ouro Negro' and compatible with 'Golden Gate Wax'. Primary leaves of ten-days-old F2 plants were detached and inoculated by immersion into an inoculum suspension. Immediately following immersion, each F2 leaf was placed in a Petri dish containing a filter paper previously moistened with distilled water. These dishes were incubated in a BOD at 20ºC, under a 12h daily light regime. The humidity in the dishes was maintained by addiction of 1.5 mL of distilled water in filter paper, under a three days regime. As control, the remaining primary leaves of ten-days-old F2 plants were inoculated using the conventional inoculation method. Both inoculation methods were efficient in evaluating the reaction of the common bean to U. appendiculatus. The resistance/susceptibility screening of the F2 population confirmed the monogenic dominant nature of the rust resistance controlled by the Ur-ON gene in both methods.