Resumo A Região Serrana Central do estado do Espírito Santo está localizada no domínio Floresta Atlântica, no leste do Brasil, o terceiro maior centro de diversidade e endemismo de Cactaceae. O estado possui 42 espécies e 13 gêneros nativos desta família. O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir um estudo florístico-taxonômico sobre Cactaceae na Região Serrana Central do Espírito Santo, uma área de extrema prioridade para a conservação da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica. Expedições a campo foram realizadas entre novembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2016, com algumas coletas posteriores, e espécimes depositados em herbários foram analisados. Vinte e duas espécies nativas de Cactaceae foram registradas para a região, pertencentes aos gêneros Coleocephalocereus (2), Epiphyllum (1), Hatiora (2), Lepismium (2), Pereskia (1), Rhipsalis (12), Schlumbergera (1) e Selenicereus (1). Dessas espécies, 18 são epífitas, 12 são rupícolas e duas são trepadeiras, algumas delas apresentando mais de uma forma de vida. Duas espécies são endêmicas do estado e onze são avaliadas como ameaçadas de extinção regionalmente. Este estudo contribui para aprimorar o conhecimento de Cactaceae no estado do Espírito Santo.

Abstract The Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo state is located in the Atlantic Forest domain in eastern Brazil, which is the third largest center of diversity and endemism for Cactaceae. The state has 42 native species and 13 genera of this family. The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic study of Cactaceae in the Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo, an area of extreme priority for conservation of Atlantic Forest biodiversity. Field trips were carried out between November 2013 and February 2016, with some additional collections and herbarium specimens were assessed. Twenty-two native species of Cactaceae were recorded for the region, which belong to the genera Coleocephalocereus (2), Epiphyllum (1), Hatiora (2), Lepismium (2), Pereskia (1), Rhipsalis (12), Schlumbergera (1) and Selenicereus (1). Of these species, 18 are epiphytes, 12 are rupicolous and 2 are climbers, some of them exhibiting more than one life-form. Two species are endemic to the state and eleven are assessed as threatened species regionally. This study contributes to improve what is known about Cactaceae in Espírito Santo state.

ABSTRACT This study surveyed species of the family Araceae in Grumari restinga, located in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We aimed to: i) evaluate the contribution of a single locality (Grumari restinga) to regional conservation (Rio de Janeiro State) of Araceae; and ii) compare the distribution of species of Araceae among restingas of the state. We calculated the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy in the entire state for eight species of Araceae found in Grumari,and performed a similarity analysis among restingas. Our data demonstrate that the extent of occurrences for Anthurium augustinum, A. coriaceum and A. maricense are influenced by Grumari because this area is the boundary of their known distribution in the state. Grumari did not have an influence on the distribution of the other studied species. We found Anthurium coriaceum, A. luschnathianum and Philodendron crassinervium to exhibit unusual habits as terrestrial plants in sandy soil. The similarity analysis identified six groups of Araceae, four of which are related to the distance from adjacent forests. We demonstrated that this small conservation unit represents a key locality in the preservation of natural populations of species of Araceae in Rio de Janeiro State.

Resumo Basellaceae é uma pequena família de Eudicotiledôneas, composta por quatro gêneros e ca. 20 espécies. No Brasil e no estado do Espírito Santo, é encontrado apenas o gênero Anredera, representado por duas espécies: A. cordifolia e A. tucumanensis. Nós apresentamos descrições, comentários, mapa de distribuição, e ilustrações para todas as espécies.

Abstract Basellaceae is a small family of Eudicots, composed by four genera and ca. 20 species. In Brazil and in the state of Espírito Santo, only Anredera is known to occur, represented by two species: A. cordifolia e A. tucumanensis. We present descriptions, comments, distribution map, and illustrations for all species.

The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of isoschaftoside isolated from Syngonium podophyllum on pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity was determined by colorimetric measurement of inorganic phosphate (Pi), resulting from ATP hydrolysis. Isoschaftoside significantly decreased the renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity at the highest concentration as well as at a lower concentration. Our work suggests that isoschaftoside is a promising compound for the treatment of hypertension.

This work describes the phytochemical study of the methanol extract obtained from leaves of Guarea macrophylla, leading to the isolation and identification of three flavonoid glycosides (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-b-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and a neolignan glucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside. All compounds were identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods (¹H, 1D, 2D NMR, 13C and UV), ESI-MS and comparison with the literature data. This is the first report of flavonoids in the genus Guarea and of a neolignan glucoside in the Meliaceae family.