Abstract Objective: The objective of this article is to review the most current literature on vaccines, focusing on their safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in preterm newborns, aiming to improve vaccine coverage in this population. Data source: Most recent scientific publications addressing the immunization of preterm newborns. Data synthesis: Despite its immunological immaturity, vaccination is well tolerated by preterm infants, and protective immune responses are observed, but some studies have shown that preterm infants undergo unjustified delays in their vaccination schedule. Conclusions: Despite being widely recommended, the routine immunization of preterm infants is often delayed, putting this vulnerable population at risk for several diseases, many of which are preventable by immunization. Every effort should be made to develop universal guidelines that define the immunization of preterm infants. Objective vaccines safety immunogenicity newborns source synthesis immaturity observed schedule Conclusions recommended delayed diseases

Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, baseado no Projeto AMAMUNIC. Foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a situação de aleitamento materno (AM) - prevalência e duração - na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizou-se cálculo por conglomerados do número de entrevistas a serem realizadas. Sortearam-se 35 UBS e 35 crianças menores de um ano, por unidade. Foram realizadas 1.424 entrevistas (56 itens sobre alimentação nas últimas 24 horas) com os responsáveis de crianças menores de um ano, em agosto de 2008, as quais foram analisadas de acordo com as regiões de residência: centro-oeste, leste, norte, sudeste e sul. A prevalência de AM exclusivo (AME) foi 52% até três meses e 39% até seis meses, sendo 44% (centro-oeste), 57% (leste), 62% (norte), 43% (sudeste) e 48% (sul) até três e 36% (centro-oeste), 46% (leste), 39% (norte), 36% (sudeste) e 33% (sul) até seis meses. A prevalência de AME de acordo com idade foi de 58% no primeiro mês, 50% no segundo e no terceiro e 13% no sexto mês. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de AME até seis meses ainda é heterogênea na cidade, sugerindo a necessidade de programas de incentivo ao AM diferenciados entre as regiões.

This cross-sectional epidemiological study based on AMAMUNIC aimed to evaluate infant breastfeeding (BF) prevalence and duration in São Paulo, Brazil. Sample size was based on a cluster calculation, selecting 35 primary care units and 35 infants (< 1 year of age) per unit. A total of 1,424 interviews with mothers were performed (56 items on feeding in the previous 24 hours) in August 2008, subsequently analyzed according to residential areas: Central West, East, North, Southeast, and South. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 52% up to three months and 39% up to six months, as follows: 44% (Central West), 57% (East), 62% (North), 43% (Southeast), and 48% (South) up to three months and 36% (Central West), 46% (East), 39% (North), 36% (Southeast), and 33% (South) up to six months. Prevalence of EBF according to infant age was 58% in the first month, 50% in the second and third, and 13% in the sixth. In conclusion, EBF prevalence up to six months is still heterogeneous in the city, suggesting the need for programs to encourage BF that are differentiated according to region.

Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, basado en el AMAMUNIC. Fue desarrollado con el objetivo de evaluar la situación de lactancia materna (AM) - prevalencia y duración - en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Se realizó un cálculo por conglomerados del número de entrevistas que se debían realizar. Se sortearon 35 UBS y se adscribieron 35 niños menores de un año por unidad. Fueron realizadas 1.424 entrevistas (56 ítems sobre alimentación en las últimas 24 horas) con los responsables de los niños menores de un año, en agosto de 2008, las cuales fueron analizadas de acuerdo con las regiones de residencia: centro-oeste, este, norte, sudeste y sur. La prevalencia de AM exclusivo (AME) fue de un 52% hasta tres meses y un 39% hasta seis meses, siendo hasta tres meses 44% (centro-oeste), 57% (este), 62% (norte), 43% (sudeste) y 48% (sur), y un 36% (centro-oeste), 46% (este), 39% (norte), 36% (sudeste) y 33% (sur) hasta los seis meses. La prevalencia de AME de acuerdo con la edad fue de un 58% en el primer mes, 50% en el segundo y en el tercero y un 13% en el sexto mes. Se concluyó que la prevalencia de AME hasta seis meses todavía es heterogénea en la ciudad, sugiriendo la necesidad de programas de incentivo al AM, diferenciados entre las regiones.

Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, baseado no Projeto AMAMUNIC. Foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a situação de aleitamento materno (AM) - prevalência e duração - na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizou-se cálculo por conglomerados do número de entrevistas a serem realizadas. Sortearam-se 35 UBS e 35 crianças menores de um ano, por unidade. Foram realizadas 1.424 entrevistas (56 itens sobre alimentação nas últimas 24 horas) com os responsáveis de crianças menores de um ano, em agosto de 2008, as quais foram analisadas de acordo com as regiões de residência: centro-oeste, leste, norte, sudeste e sul. A prevalência de AM exclusivo (AME) foi 52% até três meses e 39% até seis meses, sendo 44% (centro-oeste), 57% (leste), 62% (norte), 43% (sudeste) e 48% (sul) até três e 36% (centro-oeste), 46% (leste), 39% (norte), 36% (sudeste) e 33% (sul) até seis meses. A prevalência de AME de acordo com idade foi de 58% no primeiro mês, 50% no segundo e no terceiro e 13% no sexto mês. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de AME até seis meses ainda é heterogênea na cidade, sugerindo a necessidade de programas de incentivo ao AM diferenciados entre as regiões.

This cross-sectional epidemiological study based on AMAMUNIC aimed to evaluate infant breastfeeding (BF) prevalence and duration in São Paulo, Brazil. Sample size was based on a cluster calculation, selecting 35 primary care units and 35 infants (< 1 year of age) per unit. A total of 1,424 interviews with mothers were performed (56 items on feeding in the previous 24 hours) in August 2008, subsequently analyzed according to residential areas: Central West, East, North, Southeast, and South. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 52% up to three months and 39% up to six months, as follows: 44% (Central West), 57% (East), 62% (North), 43% (Southeast), and 48% (South) up to three months and 36% (Central West), 46% (East), 39% (North), 36% (Southeast), and 33% (South) up to six months. Prevalence of EBF according to infant age was 58% in the first month, 50% in the second and third, and 13% in the sixth. In conclusion, EBF prevalence up to six months is still heterogeneous in the city, suggesting the need for programs to encourage BF that are differentiated according to region.

Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, basado en el AMAMUNIC. Fue desarrollado con el objetivo de evaluar la situación de lactancia materna (AM) - prevalencia y duración - en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Se realizó un cálculo por conglomerados del número de entrevistas que se debían realizar. Se sortearon 35 UBS y se adscribieron 35 niños menores de un año por unidad. Fueron realizadas 1.424 entrevistas (56 ítems sobre alimentación en las últimas 24 horas) con los responsables de los niños menores de un año, en agosto de 2008, las cuales fueron analizadas de acuerdo con las regiones de residencia: centro-oeste, este, norte, sudeste y sur. La prevalencia de AM exclusivo (AME) fue de un 52% hasta tres meses y un 39% hasta seis meses, siendo hasta tres meses 44% (centro-oeste), 57% (este), 62% (norte), 43% (sudeste) y 48% (sur), y un 36% (centro-oeste), 46% (este), 39% (norte), 36% (sudeste) y 33% (sur) hasta los seis meses. La prevalencia de AME de acuerdo con la edad fue de un 58% en el primer mes, 50% en el segundo y en el tercero y un 13% en el sexto mes. Se concluyó que la prevalencia de AME hasta seis meses todavía es heterogénea en la ciudad, sugiriendo la necesidad de programas de incentivo al AM, diferenciados entre las regiones.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of Cystatin C in healthy term newborns in the first month of life. INTRODUCTION: Cystatin C may be a suitable marker for determining the glomerular filtration rate because it is not affected by maternal renal function. METHODS: Cohort study. Inclusion: term newborns with appropriate weight; mother without renal failure or drugs that could affect fetal glomerular filtration rate. Exclusion: malformations; hypertension or any condition that could affect glomerular filtration rate. Cystatin C (mg/L)and creatinine (rng/dl) were determined in the mother (Mo) and in the newborn at birth (Day-0), 3rd (Day-3), 7th(Day-7) and 28t>h(Day-28) days. Statistics: one way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation tests. Sample size of 20 subjects for a = 5% and a power test = 80% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Data from 21 newborns were obtained (mean + standard deviation): MoCystatin C=1.00 ± 0.20; Day-0 Cystatin C 1.70 ± 0.26; Day-3 Cystatin C = 1.51±0.20; Day-7 Cystatin C = 1.54 ± 0.10; Day-28 Cystatin C= 1.51±0.10. MoCystatin C was smaller than Day-0 Cystatin C (p<0.001), while MoCreatinine was not different from Day-0 Creatinine. Cystatin C only decreased from Day-0 to Day-3 (p = 0.004) but newborns Creatinine decreased along the time. Correlations were obtained between MoCystatin C and MoCreatinine (p = 0.012), as well as Day-3 (p = 0.047) and Day-28 (p = 0.022) Cystatin C and Creatinine values. CONCLUSION: Neonatal Cystatin C values were not affected by MoCystatin C and became stable from the 3rd day of life.

OBJETIVO: Estudo ecocardiográfico em recém-nascidos (RN) de grupos de risco para cardiopatia congênita, a fim de se determinar a prevalência que justifique esse exame no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se, de novembro/91 a abril/93, 156 RN do berçário anexo à Maternidade do HC-FMUSP, sendo RN de mães com cardiopatia congênita ou com diabetes mellitus, crianças de muito baixo peso, com malformações extracardíacas ou presença de sinais cardíacos, caracterizados por sopro, cianose ou arritmia, todos submetidos ao ecocardiograma. RESULTADOS: A prevalência encontrada foi de 21,8%, superior ao da população geral (0,8 a 1,2%), sendo que a maior entre os grupos, de 40,7%, ocorreu no grupo de malformações extracardíacas. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados justificam a realização de ecocardiograma em RN pertencentes a um destes grupos de risco para cardiopatia congênita.

PURPOSE: An echocardiographic study was performed in newborns from risk groups, with the aim of to determining prevalence and to evaluate the indications for this test in the neonatal period. METHODS: One hundred fifty six newborns were studied . They were admitted to the Newborn ward of the Department of Obstetric of the HC-FMUSP, in the period of November 91 to April 93, from mothers with congenital heart disease or diabetes, low birth weight newborns, with extracardiac malformations, cardiac signs and/or congenital infections. RESULTS: The observed prevalence was 21.8%, greater than that of the general population (0.8-1.2%). The group composed by 27 children with extracardiac abnormalities presented the largest prevalence when compared with the other groups (40.7%). These data justify the use of echocardiography in high risk newborns for the detection of congenital heart disease.