ABSTRACT: This study aimed to prepare and characterize Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste meal. The experimental design consisted of three treatments (carcass meal, mechanically separated meat meal - MSM, and head meal) and five replications of each treatment. Yield, microbiological quality, pH, water activity, proximate composition, energy value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition, color, and particle size fractions and the geometric mean particle diameter (GMD) analyses were performed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05. Carcass, mechanically separated meat, and head meals had a protein content of 56.45%, 78.60%, and 50.33%, respectively, a lipid content of 7.16%, 13.15%, and 4.58%, respectively, and an ash content of 32.61%, 4.26%, and 38.41%, respectively. The mean yield of fish waste meals was 13%. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the three fish waste meals, and glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine were the major amino acids. Color analysis showed that lightness (L*) ranged from 55.32 to 77.19, redness (a*) from 4.44 to 4.88, and yellowness (b*) from 4.13 to 9.51. The GMD ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 mm. The results indicate that Nile tilapia waste meals have high nutritional value and adequate pH, water activity, and microbiological quality for use in human nutrition. ABSTRACT Oreochromis niloticus carcass MSM treatment Yield pH activity composition profile color (GMD performed ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s 005 0 05 0.05 Carcass 5645 56 45 56.45% 7860 78 60 78.60% 5033 50 33 50.33% respectively 716 7 16 7.16% 1315 13 15 13.15% 458 4 58 4.58% 3261 32 61 32.61% 426 26 4.26% 3841 38 41 38.41% 13% Oleic palmitic leucine lysine L* L (L* 5532 55 55.3 7719 77 19 77.19 a* (a* 444 44 4.4 488 88 4.88 b* b (b* 413 4.1 951 9 51 9.51 037 37 0.3 099 99 0.9 mm nutrition 00 0.0 564 5 56.45 786 6 78.60 503 3 50.33 71 1 7.16 131 13.15 4.58 326 32.61 42 2 4.26 384 38.41 (L 553 55. 771 77.1 (a 4. 48 8 4.8 (b 95 9.5 03 0. 09 56.4 78.6 50.3 7.1 13.1 4.5 32.6 4.2 38.4 77. 9. 56. 78. 50. 7. 13. 32. 38.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo preparar e caracterizar farinha de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento experimental consistiu em três tratamentos, farinha de carcaça, farinha de carne mecanicamente separada - CMS e farinha de cabeça, e cinco replicatas por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises de rendimento, qualidade microbiológica, pH, atividade de água, composição centesimal, valor energético, composição mineral, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição de aminoácidos, cor, frações granulométricas e o diâmetro médio geométrico das partículas (DMG). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). As farinhas de carcaça, de carne mecanicamente separada e de cabeça apresentaram teor de proteína de 56,45%, 78,60% e 50,33%, respectivamente, teor de lipídios de 7,16%, 13,15% e 4,58%, respectivamente, e teor de cinzas de 32,61%. 4,26% e 38,41%, respectivamente. O rendimento médio das farinhas de resíduos de peixe foi de 13%. Os ácidos oleico, palmítico e linoleico foram os principais ácidos graxos encontrados nas três farinhas de resíduos de peixe, e o ácido glutâmico, leucina, lisina e glicina foram os principais aminoácidos detectados nas farinhas. A análise de cor mostrou que a luminosidade (L*) variou de 55,32 a 77,19, o vermelho (a*) variou de 4,44 a 4,88 e o amarelo (b*) variou de 4,13 a 9,51. O GMD variou de 0,37 a 0,99 mm. Os resultados indicam que as farinhas de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo apresentam alto valor nutricional e pH, atividade de água e qualidade microbiológica adequados para uso na alimentação humana. RESUMO Oreochromis niloticus. niloticus . niloticus) tratamentos carcaça tratamento pH centesimal energético mineral DMG. DMG (DMG) P 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 5645 56 45 56,45% 7860 78 60 78,60 5033 50 33 50,33% respectivamente 716 7 16 7,16% 1315 13 15 13,15 458 4 58 4,58% 3261 32 61 32,61% 426 26 4,26 3841 38 41 38,41% 13% oleico glutâmico leucina L* L (L* 5532 55 55,3 7719 77 19 77,19 a* (a* 444 44 4,4 488 88 4,8 b* b (b* 413 4,1 951 9 51 9,51 037 37 0,3 099 99 0,9 mm humana (DMG 00 0,0 564 5 56,45 786 6 78,6 503 3 50,33 71 1 7,16 131 13,1 4,58 326 32,61 42 2 4,2 384 38,41 (L 553 55, 771 77,1 (a 4, 48 8 (b 95 9,5 03 0, 09 56,4 78, 50,3 7,1 13, 4,5 32,6 38,4 77, 9, 56, 50, 7, 32, 38,

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the internal temperature of the carcass, pH and sarcomere length in four categories of body weight at a slaughter. The categories were: category 1, animals up to 1.5 kg, category 2, animals from 1.501 to 2.5 kg, category 3, animals from 2.501 to 3.5 kg and category 4, animals over 3.501 kg. The time intervals evaluated were 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 36 hours after bleeding, therefore, a factorial scheme (4 x 12) was used, in which where four categories of pre-slaughter weight and the behavior of the carcasses during the post-slaughter time were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between the weight categories and the time for the variation of the carcass internal temperature, pH and sarcomere length, but when only the time of rigor was evaluated, there were significant differences for the analyzed parameters. The internal temperature of the initial average carcass (0.5 hours) was 16.02°C, reaching 3.80°C at 36 hours post-slaughter. In addition, the lowest average pH found was at 24 hours, with a value of 5.39. Regarding the sarcomere length, the smallest mean length observed was 1.41 µm at 16 hours post-slaughter and the final mean length (36 hours) was 1.89 µm. It was concluded that the analyzed margin of the categories of body weight at slaughter did not interfere in the variation of temperature, pH and sarcomere length during the post-mortem of the Pantanal caiman. 1 15 5 1. 2 1501 501 1.50 25 2. 3 2501 2.50 35 3. 4 3501 3.50 05 0 0.5 6 8 10 12 14 18 bleeding therefore ( used preslaughter pre postslaughter post parameters (0. 1602C C 02 16.02°C 380C 80 postslaughter. addition 539 39 5.39 141 41 1.4 (3 189 89 1.8 postmortem mortem caiman 150 50 250 350 0. (0 53 5.3 5.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a temperatura interna da carcaça, o pH e o comprimento de sarcômero em quatro categorias de peso corporal ao abate. As categorias foram: categoria 1, animais com até 1,5 kg, categoria 2, animais de 1,501 a 2,5 kg, categoria 3, animais de 2,501 a 3,5 kg e categoria 4, animais acima de 3,501 kg. Os intervalos de tempo avaliados foram 0,5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 e 36 horas, após a sangria, portanto, foi utilizado um esquema fatorial (4 x 12) que avaliou quatro categorias de peso e o comportamento das carcaças ao decorrer do tempo. Não houve efeito de interação entre as categorias de peso e o tempo para a variação da temperatura interna da carcaça, pH e comprimento de sarcômero, mas quando avaliado apenas o tempo de rigor, houve diferenças significativas para os parâmetros analisados. A temperatura interna da carcaça média inicial (0,5 horas) foi de 16,02°C, chegando a 3,80°C nas 36 horas pós-abate. Além disso, o menor pH médio encontrado foi as 24 horas, com valor de 5,39. Em relação ao comprimento de sarcômero o menor comprimento médio observado foi de 1,41 µm nas 16 horas pós-abate e o comprimento médio final (36 horas) foi de 1,89 µm. Conclui-se que a margem analisada das categorias de peso corporal ao abate, não interferiram na variação de temperatura, pH e comprimento de sarcômero durante o post mortem do jacaré-do-Pantanal. abate 1 15 5 2 1501 501 1,50 25 3 2501 2,50 35 4 3501 3,50 05 0 0,5 6 8 10 12 14 18 sangria portanto ( rigor analisados (0, 1602C C 02 16,02°C 380C 80 pósabate. pósabate pós disso 539 39 5,39 141 41 1,4 (3 189 89 1,8 Concluise Conclui se jacarédoPantanal. jacarédoPantanal jacaré Pantanal. Pantanal jacaré-do-Pantanal 150 50 250 350 0, (0 53 5,3 5,

ABSTRACT. The study aimed to determine the fatty acid profile, omegas and lipid quality indeces in commercial cuts of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) of the slaughter class 11.1 to 14.0 kg. Sample collections were carried out in two fish processing industries located in Rondônia state, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with processing performed in triplicate. Data were submitted to ANOVA to assess differences between commercial cuts in chemical compositions. If ANOVA appeared statistically significant (α=0.05), the averages were compared by Tukey's test. In the composition of fatty acids, there was a difference (p <0.05) between cuts. Commercial cuts that expressed the highest percentages of SFAs tail fillet 51.2%, of MUFAs fillet mignon 39.8% and of PUFAs deboned cut 20.7%. The indeces prescribed for lipid quality, ∑PUFAs/∑SFAs, ∑PUFAs (n-6/∑n-3), AI, TI and HH, indicate that commercial cuts have lipid quality. Deboned is the cut with the highest PUFA fatty acid content, with the highest values of Omega 3, 6, 7 and n-9 being also expressed. Nutritional information is important for the processes of conservation and processing, development of new products on the market, as well as guiding the form of preparation, thus providing commercial security for different market niches. ABSTRACT profile Arapaima gigas 111 11 1 11. 140 14 0 14. kg state Brazil randomized triplicate compositions α=0.05, α005 α α=0.05 , 05 (α=0.05) Tukeys Tukey s test acids p <0.05 005 512 51 2 51.2% 398 39 8 39.8 207 20 20.7% PUFAsSFAs ∑PUFAs/∑SFAs n6/∑n3, n6n3 nn n 6/∑n 3 6 (n-6/∑n-3) AI HH content n9 9 n- preparation niches α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 <0.0 00 5 51.2 39. 20.7 n6 n3 n6/∑n3 n6n 6n (n-6/∑n-3 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 <0. 51. 20. n6/∑n (n-6/∑n- α=0 (α=0. <0 (n-6/∑n α= (α=0 < (α= (α

Abstract The study's aim was to evaluate the microbiological, nutritional, textural quality and palatability of pet biscuits made with the inclusion of three flours. The treatments were chicken viscera flour (CVF), commercial Nile tilapia flour (FF) and mixed fish flours of several species (FVF). For the FVF, only the carcasses (backbones) of Nile tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardines were used, and they were washed, whereas FVF as well as the others were cooked for 60 minutes, then pressed, ground and dehydrated for 24 hours at 60° C. After this period, they were crushed and ground for inclusion in the biscuits. The CVF, FF and FVF flours showed 43.82%, 50.48% and 56.70% of crude protein, respectively. CVF had the highest lipid content (10.01%) and FVF had the highest ash content (23.94%) and FVF had the highest caloric value (338.63 kcal 100 g-1). The inclusion of flours in biscuits did not influence the protein and carbohydrate contents, whose average values were 18.48% and 50.23%. However, they influenced the moisture content, lipids, ash and caloric value. Biscuits with the inclusion of viscera (CVF) had the highest lipid content (5.91%) and those with fish had the highest ash content (5.66% and 5.81%) for FF and FVF. Biscuits with FVF had a lower caloric value (318.47 kcal 100 g-1). The microbiological analysis indicated that the biscuits were considered of good quality to feed dogs. Regarding texture and palatability, there was no significant difference between treatments. The inclusion of fish flour, both FF and FVF, is a viable alternative. studys study s nutritional , (FF . (FVF) backbones (backbones salmon used washed 6 minutes pressed 2 C period 4382 43 82 43.82% 5048 50 48 50.48 5670 56 70 56.70 respectively 10.01% 1001 10 01 (10.01% 23.94% 2394 23 94 (23.94% 338.63 33863 338 63 (338.6 g1. g1 g 1 g-1) contents 1848 18 18.48 5023 50.23% However lipids (CVF 5.91% 591 5 91 (5.91% 5.66% 566 66 (5.66 5.81% 581 81 318.47 31847 318 47 (318.4 dogs alternative (FVF 438 4 8 43.82 504 50.4 567 7 56.7 10.01 0 (10.01 23.94 239 9 (23.94 338.6 3386 33 (338. g-1 184 18.4 502 50.23 5.91 59 (5.91 5.66 (5.6 5.81 58 318.4 3184 31 (318. 43.8 50. 56. 10.0 (10.0 23.9 (23.9 338. 3 (338 g- 18. 50.2 5.9 (5.9 5.6 (5. 5.8 318. (318 43. 10. (10. 23. (23. (33 5. (5 (31 (10 (23 (3 ( (1 (2

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e nutricional, a textura e a palatabilidade de biscoitos pet elaborados com a inclusão de três farinhas. Os tratamentos foram farinha de vísceras de frango (FVC), farinha de tilápia comercial (FF) e mix de farinhas de peixes de várias espécies (FVF). Para FVF, foram utilizadas apenas as carcaças (espinhaço) de tilápia, salmão, atum e sardinha, as quais foram lavadas. Em todos os tratamentos, as farinhas foram cozidas por 60 minutos, depois prensadas, moídas e desidratadas por 24 horas a 60 °C. Decorrido esse período, as farinhas foram trituradas e moídas para inclusão nos biscoitos. As farinhas FVC, FF e FVF apresentaram 43,82%, 50,48% e 56,70% de proteína bruta, respectivamente. A FVC apresentou maior teor lipídico (10,01%) e a FVF, maior teor de cinzas (23,94%) e o maior valor calórico (338,63 kcal 100 g-1). A inclusão das farinhas nos biscoitos não influenciou nos teores de proteína e carboidratos, cujos valores médios foram de 18,48% e 50,23%, respectivamente. Entretanto, influenciaram no teor de umidade, lipídios, cinzas e valor calórico. Os biscoitos com inclusão de vísceras (CVF) apresentaram os maiores teores de lipídeos (5,91%) e aqueles com inclusão pescado maiores teores de cinzas (5,66% e 5,81%) para FF e FVF. Os biscoitos com FVF apresentaram menor valor calórico (318,47 kcal 100 g-1). A análise microbiológica indicou que os biscoitos apresentaram qualidades apropriadas para serem fornecidos a cães. Em relação a textura e aceitabilidade, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de farinhas de peixe, tanto FF quanto FVF, é uma alternativa viável. Objetivouse Objetivou se nutricional , (FVC) (FF . (FVF) espinhaço (espinhaço salmão sardinha lavadas 6 minutos prensadas 2 C °C período 4382 43 82 43,82% 5048 50 48 50,48 5670 56 70 56,70 bruta respectivamente 10,01% 1001 10 01 (10,01% 23,94% 2394 23 94 (23,94% 338,63 33863 338 63 (338,6 g1. g1 g 1 g-1) carboidratos 1848 18 18,48 5023 50,23% Entretanto umidade lipídios CVF (CVF 5,91% 591 5 91 (5,91% 5,66% 566 66 (5,66 5,81% 581 81 318,47 31847 318 47 (318,4 cães aceitabilidade peixe viável (FVC (FVF 438 4 8 43,82 504 50,4 567 7 56,7 10,01 0 (10,01 23,94 239 9 (23,94 338,6 3386 33 (338, g-1 184 18,4 502 50,23 5,91 59 (5,91 5,66 (5,6 5,81 58 318,4 3184 31 (318, 43,8 50, 56, 10,0 (10,0 23,9 (23,9 338, 3 (338 g- 18, 50,2 5,9 (5,9 5,6 (5, 5,8 318, (318 43, 10, (10, 23, (23, (33 5, (5 (31 (10 (23 (3 ( (1 (2

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e caracterizar mortadelas a partir de aparas da filetagem (corte em “V” do filé) de tilápia do Nilo, de forma a possibilitar a agregação de valor a este subproduto do processo de filetagem. Foram elaboradas três mortadelas, sendo uma com 100% de aparas da filetagem de tilápia, outra contendo 100% de carne de frango e a terceira com 100% de carne suína. As mortadelas foram caracterizadas quanto à microbiologia, composição química, cálcio, colágeno, pH, Aw, cor, textura e custo de formulação. As mortadelas estavam dentro dos padrões microbiológicos recomendados. A mortadela de tilápia apresentou maiores teores de umidade, cinzas, cálcio e colágeno, maior pH e menor atividade de água quando comparada às demais espécies. A mortadela de tilápia apresentou menor luminosidade, maior croma a* e croma b* intermediário às demais. A textura foi melhor para as mortadelas de tilápia, quanto a dureza, gomosidade e mastigabilidade, cujos valores foram menores. A mortadela de frango teve maior índice de aceitação, porém, a de tilápia também foi elevado, enquanto de suíno todos os atributos avaliados receberam as piores notas. A mortadela de tilápia do Nilo é uma inovação tecnológica que pode ser introduzida no setor alimentício com bom valor nutricional e bom índice de aceitação.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to elaborate and characterize mortadella using fillet residues (‘V’-cut fillet trim) of Nile tilapia, in order to add value to this by-product of the filleting process. Three mortadellas were made, one with 100% tilapia fillet trimmings, another containing 100% chicken meat and the third with 100% pork meat. Mortadellae were characterized in terms of microbiology, chemical composition, calcium, collagen, pH, Aw, colour, texture and formulation cost. Mortadella was within the recommended microbiological standards. Tilapia mortadella had higher levels of moisture, ash, calcium and collagen, higher pH and lower water activity when compared to other species. The tilapia mortadella had lower brightness, higher chroma a * and intermediate chroma b *, compared with the others. The texture of tilapia mortadella was better in terms of hardness, gumminess and chewability, the values of which were lower. The chicken mortadella had a higher acceptance rate; however, that of tilapia was also high, while all evaluated attributes of pork received the worst grades. Nile tilapia mortadella is a technological innovation that can be introduced into the food sector with good nutritional value and a good acceptance index.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of pizzas with the inclusion of dehydrated mix of salmon and tilapia in the dough. Tilapia and salmon carcasses were cooked, pressed, ground, dehydrated and crushed, and a mixture of salmon (20%) and tilapia (80%) was made. This mix was included in the pizza dough at different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and afterwards the toppings were added.In the dough composition, protein, ash and phosphorus levels rose linearly, while lipids, carbohydrates and caloric value of the dough samples decreased linearly as the mix levels increased. In pizzas, the moisture, lipids and carbohydrates contents were not different. Protein and ash contents presented a linear behavior. The inclusion of the mix was effective in reducing the saturated fatty acids and raising the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was no difference between the pizzas for the sensorial attributes analysed. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 20% of dehydrated mix of tilapia and salmon added protein, minerals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids and maintained the acceptance of the pizza dough samples, which makes possible the preparation of a food product with health claims and good sensorial quality.

Abstract This study evaluated the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, technological quality, sensory profile and microbiological characteristics of rolls with inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% meal prepared with tilapia carcasses. Moisture and carbohydrate content were linearly reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing inclusion of tilapia meal, but a linear increase (P < 0.0001) was observed in protein (9.91 to 14.30%) and ash (1.74 to 4.65%) content. Lipids and calorific value of the rolls were not affected (P > 0.05) by inclusion levels, but 15% tilapia meal resulted in greater amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.63%) in relation to 0% inclusion (4.46%). There was a linear increase (P < 0.0001) in the firmness of the breads (3.65 to 13.17N) and a linear decrease (P < 0.001) in volume and specific volume. Sensory attributes showed a negative linear effect (P < 0.01), with acceptance rates ranging from 85.24% (0% inclusion) to 70.57% (15% inclusion). It can be concluded that the inclusion of 5 to 15% tilapia meal in roll is effective to increase the protein, mineral matter, polyunsaturated fatty acids and the firmness of the roll, in addition to reducing carbohydrates and volume. Considering the reduction in sensory acceptance, it is recommended to use up to 10% tilapia meal in rolls.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a lasagna pasta enriched with dried mix of tuna (30%) and tilapia (70%) and formulate ready lasagna with enriched pasta. Lasagna pasta was elaborated with increasing levels (0, 5, 10 and 15%) of dried mix. Moisture, lipids and calories were not different between the inclusion levels; crude protein and ash increased linearly, carbohydrates reduced linearly, according to increasing levels of inclusion. There was an increase in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with the inclusion of mix in lasagna. Between lasagna prepared with different sauces (tuna, chicken and bolognese), and pasta with 15% mix, it was observed that tuna lasagna had lower moisture content and higher protein, lipids, ash, carbohydrates and calories. All lasagna showed optimal sensory acceptance, indicating that the inclusion of 15% dried mix of tilapia and tuna in the pasta is feasible to improve the nutritional composition of lasagna.

Abstract The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) for 10 days of storage in ice. 75 whole fish were used eviscerated, with average weight and length of 825.75 ± 101.59 g and 28.25 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The treatments consisted of time in which the animals underwent pre-slaughter hypoxia, being 0, 3 and 6 minutes. Rigor mortis and muscle pH were assessed besides the application of the Quality Index Method and analysis of total protein and blood glucose. Rigor mortis did not differ among treatments during the storage period, and after three hours all animals were in rigor stage. The muscle pH values varied widely during the study period, observing higher values on the third day of storage. Sensory analysis showed that after 10 days the tilapia from the different treatments did not differ in the evaluated quality parameters similarly, there was no difference regarding the evaluated blood biochemical parameters Thus, hypoxia of 6 minutes pre-slaughter does not influence the rigor mortis, muscle pH, qualitative perception of the meat quality, total protein and blood glucose of Nile tilapia.

RESUMO: Objetivando avaliar rendimento, cor e composição química dos cortes comerciais (cauda, filé de lombo, filé de dorso e coxa) da carne do jacaré-do-Pantanal nos diferentes sexos, foram processados 20 animais, sendo estes, dez fêmeas (3677g) e dez machos (3510g). Não houve interação significativa (P>0,05) entre cortes comerciais e sexo para peso dos cortes, teor de umidade e cor. O rendimento da cauda foi superior aos demais cortes, sendo o rendimento das fêmeas (17.0%) superior ao dos machos (15,9%). A coxa dos machos apresentou menor teor de proteína (20,8%), em relação aos demais cortes. As fêmeas apresentaram maior teor de lipídeos na cauda (2,4%) e na coxa (0,8%), em relação aos machos (1,7% e 0,4%, respectivamente). A cauda apresentou maior quantidade de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (45,2%) e maior razão n6/n3 (4,6). A luminosidade não foi diferente entre cortes e sexos. Os machos apresentaram carne com coloração mais amarelada em relação às fêmeas, e a coxa e o filé de dorso tiveram cor mais avermelhada, comparadas ao filé de lombo e cauda, independente do sexo. Concluiu-se que houve influência do sexo no corte de cauda, para o teor de lipídios e rendimento, sendo que a fêmea apresentou rendimento e lipídeos maiores que o macho.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the yield, color, and chemical composition of commercial cuts (tail, sirloin cut, back fillet, and thigh) of Pantanal caiman meat in both sexes. The yield of tail was higher than other cuts, and the yield of females (17.0%) was higher than males (15.9%). The thigh of males had lower protein content (20.8%) compared with other cuts. Females showed a higher lipid content in the tail (2.4%) and thigh (0.8%) compared with males (1.7% and 0.4%, respectively). The tail presented the greatest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (45.2%) and higher n6/n3 ratio (4.6). Although lightness was not different among cuts or between sexes, there were differences in color. Males have more yellowish meat compared with females. Thigh and back fillet were more reddish when compared to sirloin cut and tail, regardless of sex. In conclusion, female tail meat provided greater yield and lipid content than males, and this result was statistically significant. These findings can help producers and consumers alike, better understand yield, quality, and nutritional quality of Pantanal caiman meat.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver massas de pizza com diferentes níveis de inclusão de farinha de atum (Tunnus spp.). Para a produção da farinha de atum, foram utilizados troncos de atum sem nadadeiras, cozidos por uma hora, prensados, moídos e desidratados por 24 horas a 60 °C. Foram elaboradas massas de pizza sem inclusão (0%) ou com inclusão de 5, 10, 15 e 20% de farinha de atum, sendo estas inclusões calculadas com base na quantidade de farinha de trigo. A farinha de atum e as diferentes massas foram analisadas quanto aos teores de umidade, proteína bruta, lipídeos totais, cinzas e carboidratos, além do valor calórico e do perfil de ácidos graxos. Análises microbiológica e sensorial foram realizadas nas massas de pizza. A crescente inclusão de farinha de atum resultou em aumento do teor de proteína bruta (10,89 a 18,94%), de lipídeos totais (4,63 a 5,89%) e de cinzas (2,54 a 3,54%) nas massas, sem influenciar no teor de umidade e no valor calórico. A inclusão de farinha de atum aumentou linearmente a quantidade de ácidos graxos da série n-3 nas massas, com aumento de 1,56 para 5,93 g/kg, em 20% de inclusão de farinha de atum. A relação entre ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e saturados da farinha de atum e das massas variou entre 1,21 e 1,85. A análise microbiológica demonstrou que as massas foram produzidas em condições adequadas de higiene. Observou-se que a inclusão de 5 a 20% de farinha de atum na massa de pizza não interferiu significativamente (p>0,05) nos parâmetros de aroma, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de 5 até 20% de farinha de atum é eficaz para melhorar o valor nutritivo e o perfil de ácidos graxos de massa de pizza.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop pizza dough with different levels of tuna meal (Tunnus spp.). In order to produce tuna meal, tuna torsos without fins were used, cooked for 1 hour, pressed, milled and dehydrated for 24 hours at 60 °C. Pizza dough was produced without (0%) or with the addition of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tuna meal, calculated based on the quantity of wheat flour. The tuna meal and different pizza pastries were analyzed for moisture content, crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrates, caloric value and fatty acid profiles. Microbiological and sensory analyses were also carried out on the pizza pastries. The increasing addition of tuna meal resulted in gains in the crude protein (10.89 to 18.94%), total lipid (4.63 to 5.89%) and ash (2.54 to 3.54%) contents of the pizza pastries, not influencing the moisture content or caloric value. The inclusion of tuna meal linearly increased the quantity of n-3 series fatty acids in the pizza pastry, from 1.56 to 5.93 g/kg with the addition of 20% tuna meal. The ratio between the polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the tuna meal and pizza pastries varied from 1.21 to 1.85. The microbiological analyses showed that the pizza pastries were produced under proper hygiene conditions. It was also observed that the addition of 5 to 20% of tuna meal to the pizza pastry did not significantly (p>0.05) alter the parameters of aroma, flavor, overall impression and purchase intention. It was therefore concluded that the addition of 5 to 20% tuna meal is effective in improving the nutritional value and fatty acid profile of pizza pastry.

Abstract With the goal of developing and characterizing the nutritional and sensory aspects of fresh pasta supplemented with tilapia protein concentrate, four types of pasta were prepared, with inclusion of 0, 10, 20, or 30% of tilapia protein concentrate. Linear effects were observed (P < 0.01) in crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, and caloric values; these parameters increased with increasing amounts of tilapia protein concentrate in the pasta. The concentration of Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn increased linearly (P < 0.01) in correlation with the increase in protein concentrate content, while Fe content decreased linearly (P < 0.01). In the sensory analysis, texture, overall impression, and the acceptance index demonstrated a cubic regression (P < 0.05), with the inclusion of 20% protein concentrate yielding the best scores. Including up to 30% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta yields an increased nutritional value, but based on the sensory results, 20% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta is the recommended maximum level.

Abstract Tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals were prepared to develop and analyze extruded snacks with residue meal from fish processing. Residue meals were included in five types of corn snacks: control (0% fish meal) and four with 9% tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals. Although moisture, lipids and carbohydrates rates did not differ among the snacks, protein rates increased with the increment of fish meal, reaching 11.85% in the tuna snack. Tuna and sardine snacks had the highest iron levels. The most abundant fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, linolenic and stearic acids, with sardine, salmon and tuna snacks presenting the highest values of n-3 series fatty acids. Greater luminosity rate was reported for salmon snack, followed by tilapia, tuna and sardine snacks. The highest sensory acceptance index was verified in tilapia (78.07%) and salmon (72.40%). A 9% addition of residue meals of tilapia, salmon and tuna improved the nutritional value of the snacks.

AbstractFlour prepared via current assay methodologies from the carcasses of the Pantanal alligator (Caiman crocodilus yacare) was analyzed for its chemical composition, minerals, fatty acids, and sensorial profile. Carcasses of the Pantanal alligator, originating from the Coocrijapan scientific zoo, Cáceres MT Brazil, were utilized. The carcasses were cooked for 60 minutes in a pressure cooker with water containing 2% salt and 5% chimichurri. The cooked carcasses were then ground and the mass was used for the manufacture of flour via three techniques: non-smoked, hot-smoked, and liquid-smoked. After each technique, the carcasses were dehydrated at 60ºC for 3h and were ground. Alligator flour was then produced. The moisture of liquid-smoked flour (10.97%) was higher than that of non-smoked flour (3.78%) and hot-smoked flour (4.43%). The flours provided high protein (57.11% - 58.27%) and ash (23.45 – 26.42%) rates, and were predominantly calcium (6.77% - 7.69%), phosphorus (3.67% - 4.05%), and iron (73.13 – 273.73 ppm/100 mg). Smoked-flour had a better acceptance rate by tasters when compared to non-smoked flour. Results show that flours produced from alligator carcasses had high protein, ash, and mineral rates and a reasonable acceptability by most tasters.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência da categoria de peso (CP) da truta arco-íris sobre o rendimento do processamento e a composição centesimal do peixe inteiro eviscerado e do filé. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado para as variáveis do processamento (CP1 = 300 a 370 g e CP2 = 371 a 440 g) e em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 para composição centesimal (CP1 e CP2 e formas de apresentação (filé e peixe inteiro eviscerado). CP1 apresentou superior rendimento do peixe inteiro eviscerado (83,00%) e cabeça (13,27%), porém inferior para vísceras (17,00%), quando comparados à CP2. A CP não influenciou no rendimento dos músculos abdominais, filé com pele e sem pele, porcentagem de pele e resíduos. Houve diferenças significativas entre as CP para os teores de umidade (CP1 = 72,30% e CP2 = 71,15%) e lipídios (CP1 = 7,96% e CP2 = 9,04%). A umidade (73,74%) e a proteína bruta (19,05%) dos filés foram superiores (p < 0,01) do que para peixes inteiros eviscerados (69,71% e 17,81%, respectivamente). Teores de cinzas (2,15%) e lipídios (10,48%) foram superiores (p < 0,01) para peixes inteiros em relação aos filés (1,16% e 6,52%, respectivamente). Sugere-se o abate dos peixes com peso entre 300 a 370 g e a apresentação em filé como mais adequada para o consumo.

The influence of weight (W) category of the rainbow trout on processing yield and chemical composition of the entire eviscerated fish and fish fillet was analyzed. A completely randomized design was employed for processing variables (W1 = 300 to 370 g and W2 = 371 to 440) coupled to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme for the chemical composition (W1 and W2 and forms of presentation: fillet and whole eviscerated fish). W1 showed higher yield for entire eviscerated fish (83.00%) and head (13.27%), but a lower yield for the viscera (17.00%), when compared to W2. We did not affect abdominal muscle yield, fillet with or without skin, skin percentage and residues. There were significant differences between W for moisture (W1 = 72.30% and W2 = 71.15%) and lipids (CP1 = 7.96% and CP2 = 9.04%) rates. Fillet moisture contents (73.74%) and crude protein (19.05%) were higher (p < 0.01) than for entire eviscerated fish (69.71% and 17.81%, respectively). Ash (2.15%) and lipid (10.48%) rates were higher (p < 0.01) for entire fish when compared to those of fillets (1.16% and 6.52%, respectively). The slaughter of fish weighing between 300 and 370 g and their fillets are more adequate for the market.