Abstract By analyzing PNAD-C microdata (2012-2022), this article investigates educational opportunities and access to work among young people. The net enrollment rate in secondary education increased among young people aged 15 to 17 years, but a transition model indicates that racial inequalities in access to secondary education grew between 2017 and 2022, while the mother’s education conditions the basic education at proper age. Furthermore, the role of the young student was consolidated among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, but for the group aged 18 to 24 years, exclusion from studies and work prevails among young black and female students. Finally, living with children is decisive for access to opportunities among poor women.

Resumo Ao analisar os microdados da PNAD-C (2012-2022), este artigo investiga as oportunidades educacionais e de acesso ao trabalho entre os jovens. A taxa líquida de matrícula no ensino médio avançou entre os jovens com 15 a 17 anos, mas um modelo de transições indica que as desigualdades raciais no acesso ao ensino médio aumentaram entre 2017 e 2022, enquanto a escolaridade da mãe condiciona a formação básica na idade adequada. Ademais, o papel do jovem-estudante se consolidou entre os adolescentes com 15 a 17 anos, mas, para o grupo com 18 a 24 anos, a exclusão dos estudos e do trabalho prevalece entre os jovens negros e do sexo feminino. Por fim, a residência com crianças é decisiva para o acesso a oportunidades entre as mulheres pobres.

Resumen Antecedentes: La cirugía urgente disminuyó durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución de la cirugía urgente y su relación con la gravedad de la pandemia. Método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que compara los pacientes intervenidos de forma urgente durante la pandemia con un grupo control. Resultados: Se incluyeron 660 pacientes (253 en el grupo control, 67 en primera ola de la pandemia, 193 en el periodo valle y 147 en la segunda ola). La mediana del número de cirugías urgentes fue de 2 (intervalo intercuartílico: 1-3) durante el periodo control, disminuyó durante la primera ola (1/día), aumentó durante el valle (2/día) y no se modificó en la segunda ola (2/día). Las complicaciones mayores fueron más comunes durante la primera ola (22.4%). Se encontró una correlación lineal negativa entre el número de procedimientos quirúrgicos urgentes diarios y el número de ingresos hospitalarios y fallecimientos diarios por COVID-19. Conclusiones: La cirugía urgente se redujo durante la primera ola, aumentó durante el periodo valle y volvió a niveles prepandémicos durante la segunda ola. Además, la cirugía urgente se relaciona con la gravedad de la pandemia, ya que se realizaron menos cirugías urgentes durante el periodo de mayor gravedad de la pandemia.

Abstract Background: Acute care surgery decreased during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To study the evolution of acute care surgery and its relationship with the pandemic severity. Method: Retrospective cohort study which compared patients who underwent acute care surgery during the pandemic to a control group. Results: A total of 660 patients were included (253 in the control group, 67 in the first-wave, 193 in the valley, and 147 in the second wave). The median daily number of acute care surgery procedures was 2 during the control period. This activity decreased during the first wave (1/day), increased during the valley (2/day), and didn't change in the second wave (2/day). Serious complications were more common during the first wave (22.4%). A negative linear correlation was found between the daily number of acute care surgery procedures, number of patients being admitted to the hospital each day and daily number of patients dying because of COVID-19. Conclusions: Acute care surgery was reduced during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased during the valley, and returned to the pre-pandemic level during the second wave. Thus, acute care surgery was related to pandemic severity, with fewer surgeries being performed when the pandemic was more severe.

Resumo: Ao compreender a mediação da leitura como uma atividade que exige do mediador uma atuação consciente e humanizadora, é necessário refletir sobre a importância de utilizar e articular os diversos dispositivos informacionais que podem auxiliar esse processo. Este estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a utilização e a articulação de diferentes dispositivos informacionais no processo de mediação da leitura desenvolvido no espetáculo cênico-musical Crianceiras. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa configura-se como descritiva e teve como método o estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário online e analisados com base na abordagem qualitativa. A análise dos resultados indicou que, ao articular diversos dispositivos informacionais, o Crianceiras tem conseguido alcançar o objetivo de envolver diferentes sujeitos nas atividades de mediação da leitura, de modo a apoiar esses sujeitos-leitores em sua formação e desenvolvimento crítico e cognitivo. Assim, é muito importante que o mediador da leitura considere e adote, em suas práticas, os diversos dispositivos informacionais para ampliar a ambiência que repercutirá na formação de leitores proficientes. Resumo humanizadora cênicomusical cênico musical metodologia configurase configura se caso qualitativa sujeitosleitores cognitivo Assim adote práticas proficientes

Abstract Understanding the mediation of reading as an activity that requires a conscious and humanizing acting from the mediator, it is necessary to reflect on the importance of using and articulating the various informational devices that can help in this process. This study aimed to highlight the use and articulation of different informational devices in the process of mediation of reading developed in the Crianceiras scenic-musical spectacle. As for the methodology, this is a descriptive research and had the case study as a method. The data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed based on a qualitative approach. The analysis of the results inidcated that to the perception that by articulating various informational devices, the Crianceiras project has managed to reach the objective of involving different subjects-readers in mediation of reading activities, supporting them in their critical and cognitive development. Thus, it is very importante that the mediator of reading consider and adopt in their practices the diversified informational devices to expand the ambience that will affect the formation of proficient readers. scenicmusical scenic musical spectacle methodology method approach subjectsreaders subjects readers activities development Thus

RESUMO Objetivo: evidenciar vestígios de memória e identidade nas narrativas e produções musicais do compositor baiano, Arnaldo Almeida, que transparecem contribuições no processo de mediação cultural. Método: Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, tendo como método o estudo de caso, sendo investigados documentos produzidos pelo músico e compositor Arnaldo Almeida, bem como sua narrativa, por meio da técnica de entrevista, a possibilidade de verificar as relações identitárias e memorialísticas na ação mediadora. Resultado: Entre os resultados, identificou-se que Arnaldo Almeida possui, além da prática, percepções sobre a música, e sua representatividade, que lhe confere uma possibilidade de realizar uma mediação cultural consciente. Também é possível relacionar e compreender que a produção artística de Arnaldo Almeida possui entrelace da memória e da identidade que se expressa por meio da música, que resultam em ações de mediação cultural. Conclusões: Conclui-se que, através da evocação de vestígios memorialísticos e identitários, considera-se a música um dispositivo informacional representativo da cultura que, de maneira integral, favorece o processo de constituição identitária dos sujeitos e preservação dos traços de memória. Objetivo baiano Método descritiva caso narrativa entrevista mediadora Resultado resultados identificouse identificou prática representatividade consciente Conclusões Concluise Conclui identitários considerase considera integral

ABSTRACT Objective: to evidence traces of memory and identity in the narratives and musical productions of the bahian composer, Arnaldo Almeida, which show contributions in the process of cultural mediation. Methods: As for the methodology, this research is characterized as descriptive, whose method adopted was the case study, being investigated documents produced by musician and composer Arnaldo Almeida, as well as its narrative, through the interview technique, the possibility of verifying the identity and memorialistic relations in the mediating action. Results: Among the results, it was identified that Arnaldo Almeida has, in addition to the practice, perceptions about music, and its representativeness, which gives it a possibility to perform a conscious cultural mediation. It is also possible to relate and understand that Arnaldo Almeida's artistic production has an interlace of memory and identity expressed through music, which result in cultural mediation actions. Conclusions: It is concluded that, through the evocation of memorialistic and identity remains, music is considered a representative device of culture that, in an integral way, favors the process of identity constitution of the subjects and preservation of memory traces. Objective Methods methodology descriptive study narrative technique action Results results practice representativeness Almeidas s actions Conclusions remains way

Abstract Introduction: patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, including colorectal surgery, particularly if they are oncological patients, are at risk of Malnutrition with a worse postoperative evolution and an increase in complications. Objectives: to assess the prevalence of Malnutrition in patients undergoing colon and rectal surgery in our hospital, and to identify the different risk factors for malnutrition. Methods: a retrospective cohort study including all patients operated on for colorectal cancer in our environment. Results: a total of 382 patients with a mean age of 69,93 years were included in the study. Considering different risk factors for Malnutrition, we obtained that 50,6 % of the patients had some of the risk indicators for Malnutrition altered at the time of admission. The variables that proved to be independent factors related to Malnutrition were age, DM, baseline Malnutrition, and heart disease. Preoperative Malnutrition turned out to be the greatest risk factor for presenting moderate/severe Malnutrition in the postoperative period with an OR of 3,83 (2,1-6,9; p < 0,001), and was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications and longer hospital stays. We obtained that the percentage of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the group of patients diagnosed with peroperative Malnutrition (36,3 % vs 22,0 %, p = 0,004). Conclusions: the percentage of Malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer is high, an aspect that is underestimated in most surgical services. In our study, Malnutrition leads to worse outcomes with an increase in complications.

Resumen Introducción: los pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor abdominal, y más si se trata de pacientes oncológicos, son pacientes en riesgo de desnutrición, lo que conlleva una peor evolución posoperatoria y un aumento de las complicaciones. Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de la desnutrición en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de colon y recto en nuestro medio hospitalario e identificar los distintos factores de riesgo de desnutrición. Métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo incluyendo a todos los pacientes intervenidos de cáncer colorrectal de forma programada en nuestro medio hospitalario. Resultados: se incluyeron en el estudio 382 pacientes con una edad media de 69.93 años. Considerando distintos factores de riesgo de desnutrición, obtuvimos que un 50.6 % de los pacientes tenían alterado alguno de los indicadores de riesgo de desnutrición en el momento del ingreso. Las variables que mostraron ser factores independientes relacionados con la desnutrición fueron la edad, la DM, la desnutrición basal y la cardiopatía. La desnutrición preoperatoria resultó ser el factor de mayor riesgo para presentar desnutrición moderada/grave en el posoperatorio con un OR de 3.83 (2.1-6.9; p < 0.001) y además se asoció a una mayor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias y a estancias hospitalarias más prolongadas. Obtuvimos que el porcentaje de complicaciones posoperatorias fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de pacientes diagnosticados de desnutrición peroperatoria (36.3 % vs. 22.0 %, p = 0.004). Conclusiones: el porcentaje de desnutrición en los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal es elevado, aspecto subestimado en la mayoría de los servicios quirúrgicos. La desnutrición conlleva en nuestro estudio una peor evolución con un incremento de las complicaciones.

RESUMO Considerando o debate contemporâneo sobre as questões florestais, este artigo faz uma análise dos principais pontos comuns que foram destacados durante o Web-Seminário “Construindo Diálogos sobre Governança Florestal” e através dos artigos reunidos no Dossiê Governança florestal da revista Estudos Avançados do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo. Destacamos que a governança florestal se apresenta como um processo em constante evolução e deverá seguir promovendo a aproximação dos multiatores nos diversos níveis e escalas de decisão sobre as florestas e paisagens multifuncionais, e assim, fortalecer uma agenda de governança interdisciplinar e promotora de soluções com base nas melhores relações da sociedade com os sistemas socioecológicos.

ABSTRACT Considering the contemporary debate on forest issues, this article analyzes the main common points highlighted during the Webinar “Building Dialogues on Forest Governance” and in the articles of the Forest Governance Dossier of the Estudos Avançados journal of Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo. We emphasize that forest governance is a process in constant evolution and should continue to help to bring together multiple stakeholders at different levels and scales of decision on forests and multifunctional landscapes, and thus, strengthen an interdisciplinary governance agenda that promotes solutions based on the best relations between society with socio-ecological systems.

Abstract lntroduction: ln 2006, the National Network for Gontinuing lntegrated Gare was created in Portugal to respond to the needs of a population with growing comorbidities. The aim of this study is to assess the length of hospital stay and medical complications of patients referred to the network in the sarne period of four different years. Material and Methods: Observational, retrospective study of medical patients with medical conditions referred from the hospital in the months of April to June 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2019. Demographic, clinical and referrai data were obtained from clinical processes. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics®, p < 0.05 was considered statistical/y significant. Results: 205 patients were included. The main reasons for admission were infection (37.1%) and acute cerebrovascular event (35.6%) and for referrai was functional rehabilitation (79.5%). There was an increase in length of stay over the years (p < 0.001) and from referrai to hospital discharge, p = 0.04. After clinical discharge, 42.9% developed medical complications and after hospital discharge, at least 31.3% needed to be readmitted within 3 months. The number of complications did not rise. Discussion: The increase in hospital stays over the years since the creation of the network implies an overload in hospital health care, even though there is no increase in clinical complications before and after discharge. Conclusion: There is a clear need to strengthen the network and social support to the chronically ill and to create studies to assess the economic and health impact of hospital referrais.

Resumo Introdução: Em 2006, a Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados foi criada em Portugal para dar resposta às necessidades de uma população com comorbilidades crescentes. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o tempo de hospitalização e complicações médicas de doentes referenciados para a rede no mesmo período de quatro anos distintos. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo, de doentes com patologia médica referenciados do internamento nos meses de abril a junho de 201O, 2012, 2016 e 2019. Dados demográficos, clínicos e referentes à referenciação foram obtidos dos processos clínicos. Análise estatística feita com IBM SPSS Statistics®, p < 0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 205 doentes. Os principais motivos de admissão foram infeção (37, 1 %) e evento cerebrovascular agudo (35,6%) e o de referenciação foi reabilitação funcional (79,5%). Verificou-se um aumento do tempo de internamento ao longo dos anos (p < 0,001) e desde a referenciação até à alta hospitalar, p = 0,04. Após alta clínica, 42,9% desenvolveram complicações médicas e após alta hospitalar pelo menos 31,3% tiveram necessidade de reinternamento até 3 meses após a alta. O número de complicações não aumentou ao longo dos anos. Discussão: O incremento nos tempos de hospitalização ao longo dos anos desde a criação da rede implica sobrecarga nos cuidados de saúde hospitalares, mesmo não se verificando o aumento de intercorrências clínicas antes e após a alta. Conclusão: É notória a necessidade de reforçar a rede e o apoio social ao doente crónico e de criar estudos para avaliar o impacto económico e para a saúde da referenciação hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) triggered by influenza virus (iHUS) is rare. Influenza A infections have been described to trigger atypical HUS (aHUS) in individuals with an underlying genetic complement dysregulation. To date there are only few reports of Influenza B as a trigger of aHUS, all identified cases associated with mutations in the MCP or C3 gene, occasionally combined with other mutations. aHUS patients should be screened for all known disease-associated genes and screening should not be stopped after finding a mutation, to identify other genetic susceptibility factors influencing gene phenotype, particularly in patients with MCP or CFI mutations. Complement blockade using a monoclonal anti-C5 antibody, eculizumab, has greatly improved the outcome in recent years for certain groups of HUS. The decision on whether to treat or not with eculizumab should be made based on clinical and laboratorial evolution as well as molecular studies results. Influenza A and B are preventable through vaccination and strategies should be addressed for patients with complemente gene mutations identified.

Objectives: To investigate the patterns of impairment in decision-making abilities and their relationship with cognitive and clinical symptoms in people with Alzheimer’s disease. We hypothesized that decision-making abilities would not be impaired at the same level and would be related to impairment of global cognition and other clinical symptoms of the disease. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we included a consecutive sample of 102 people with Alzheimer’s disease and their respective caregivers. We investigated the relationship between decision-making capacity and quality of life (QoL), disease awareness, mood, functionality, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognition. Results: Different levels of impairment were observed in the participants’ decision-making abilities. Understanding, appreciation, and reasoning were correlated, but expressing a choice was only correlated with appreciation. Deficits in understanding were related to impaired disease awareness, lower self-reported QoL, and lower comprehension of spoken language. Better appreciation was related to better orientation and lower age. Better reasoning was related to better orientation and better self-reported QoL. Deficits in expressing a choice were related to lower self-reported QoL. Conclusion: The pattern of impairment in decision-making abilities was not linear. Each decision-making ability was related to different cognitive and clinical deficits. Therefore, cognitive functioning is an insufficient criterion for judging an individual’s decision-making ability.

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar características sociodemográficas, padrões de consumo de substâncias, comportamento sexual, utilização de serviços de saúde e envolvimento criminal de usuários, domiciliados e em situação de rua. Dados secundários do Inquérito Nacional sobre Uso do Crack, utilizando análise discriminante e de correspondência para comparar características dos usuários segundo condição de moradia. O modelo final de regressão logística evidenciou associações entre “situação de rua” e ser do sexo feminino, trabalho descontínuo, consumo de tabaco e “oxi” nos últimos 30 dias, uso de serviços de alimentação gratuita, baixo acesso a tratamento e frequentes detenções no último ano. Na análise de correspondência observou-se proximidade no espaço analítico de “troca de sexo por drogas”, “trabalho informal”, “idade” >31 anos, “baixo acesso a CAPS-ad”, “problemas com a justiça criminal” e “sexo feminino” com os usuários de crack desabrigados. Pouco se sabe sobre usuários de crack em contexto na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam dois subgrupos com características específicas. Enquanto os domiciliados têm acesso aos serviços de CAPS-ad e outras clínicas especializadas, os usuários em situação de rua relataram, basicamente, acesso a serviços de alimentação gratuita e redução de danos.

Abstract We compared sociodemographic characteristics, substance use patterns, sexual behavior, use of health services, and criminal records of homeless vs. domiciled users. Data are from the Brazilian National Survey on Crack Use. A discriminant model and correspondence analysis cross-compared characteristics of users according to their housing status. The logistic model revealed associations between “living in the streets” and female gender and intermittent work. “Homelessness” was also associated with the use of tobacco and “oxi” in the previous 30 days, reliance on soup kitchens, low access to public mental health services, and arrests in the previous year. Correspondence analysis highlighted the spatial proximity of the variables as follows: “having traded sex for drugs”, “informal work”, “age 31 years or older”, “access to public mental health services”, “problems with law enforcement”, and female gender with homeless crack users. People who smoke crack cocaine in Northeast Brazil are seldom studied. Their profiles, stratified according to their housing conditions, show subgroups with specific characteristics. While domiciled users have access to specialized clinics, homeless users basically reported access to free food and harm reduction services.

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar características sociodemográficas, padrões de consumo de substâncias, comportamento sexual, utilização de serviços de saúde e envolvimento criminal de usuários, domiciliados e em situação de rua. Dados secundários do Inquérito Nacional sobre Uso do Crack, utilizando análise discriminante e de correspondência para comparar características dos usuários segundo condição de moradia. O modelo final de regressão logística evidenciou associações entre “situação de rua” e ser do sexo feminino, trabalho descontínuo, consumo de tabaco e “oxi” nos últimos 30 dias, uso de serviços de alimentação gratuita, baixo acesso a tratamento e frequentes detenções no último ano. Na análise de correspondência observou-se proximidade no espaço analítico de “troca de sexo por drogas”, “trabalho informal”, “idade” >31 anos, “baixo acesso a CAPS-ad”, “problemas com a justiça criminal” e “sexo feminino” com os usuários de crack desabrigados. Pouco se sabe sobre usuários de crack em contexto na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam dois subgrupos com características específicas. Enquanto os domiciliados têm acesso aos serviços de CAPS-ad e outras clínicas especializadas, os usuários em situação de rua relataram, basicamente, acesso a serviços de alimentação gratuita e redução de danos.

Abstract We compared sociodemographic characteristics, substance use patterns, sexual behavior, use of health services, and criminal records of homeless vs. domiciled users. Data are from the Brazilian National Survey on Crack Use. A discriminant model and correspondence analysis cross-compared characteristics of users according to their housing status. The logistic model revealed associations between “living in the streets” and female gender and intermittent work. “Homelessness” was also associated with the use of tobacco and “oxi” in the previous 30 days, reliance on soup kitchens, low access to public mental health services, and arrests in the previous year. Correspondence analysis highlighted the spatial proximity of the variables as follows: “having traded sex for drugs”, “informal work”, “age 31 years or older”, “access to public mental health services”, “problems with law enforcement”, and female gender with homeless crack users. People who smoke crack cocaine in Northeast Brazil are seldom studied. Their profiles, stratified according to their housing conditions, show subgroups with specific characteristics. While domiciled users have access to specialized clinics, homeless users basically reported access to free food and harm reduction services.

RESUMO Objetivo: Distúrbios cognitivos, comportamentais e funcionais são sintomas nucleares na demência. Intervenções não farmacológicas, como a musicoterapia, quando usadas em conjunto com o tratamento farmacológico, têm o potencial de aliviar esses sintomas. O objetivo deste estudo preliminar é examinar a musicoterapia ativa na cognição e nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em idosos com demência leve e moderada. Métodos: A amostra inicial foi composta por pacientes ambulatoriais com demência (N = 15) e seus familiares ou cuidadores (N = 15). Duas duplas não completaram as avaliações antes da intervenção e foram excluídas da análise. Treze mulheres (N = 13) compuseram a amostra final e foram diagnosticadas com doença de Alzheimer (N = 10), demência vascular (N = 2) e demência mista (N = 1), nos estágios leve (N = 11) e moderado (N = 2). Os participantes foram inscritos em um estudo aberto de grupo de musicoterapia ativa, programado para ocorrer uma vez por semana, com duração de 60 minutos, durante o período de 12 semanas. Resultados: Os participantes experimentaram uma discreta melhora cognitiva medida pelo Miniexame do Estado Mental (p = 0.41), embora sem significância estatística, e uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa na ansiedade (p = 0.042) na pós-intervenção. Não houve efeitos significativos na qualidade de vida e sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusões: A musicoterapia ativa é uma intervenção promissora, com boa aceitação entre os participantes. Mais estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para confirmar seus efeitos e eficácia em sintomas cognitivos e neuropsiquiátricos na demência.

ABSTRACT Objective: Cognitive, neuropsychiatric and functional deficits are core symptoms of dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, when used in conjunction with pharmacological treatment, have the potential to alleviate these symptoms. The purpose of this preliminary study is to examine the active music therapy on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with mild and moderate dementia. Methods: The initial sample consisted of outpatients with dementia (N = 15) and their family members or caregivers (N = 15). Two dyads did not complete the assessments before intervention and were excluded from the analysis. Thirteen females (N = 13) comprised the final sampled and were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (N = 10), vascular dementia (N = 2) and mixed dementia (N = 1), at mild (N = 11) and moderate (N = 2) dementia stage. Participants were enrolled in an open-label trial of active music therapy group, set to take place once weekly for 60 minutes over a period of 12 weeks. Results: Participants experienced a slight improvement on cognition measured with Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.41), although without statistical significance and a statistically significant decrease in anxiety (p = 0.042) in post-intervention. There were no significant effects on quality of life and caregiver burden. Conclusions: Active music therapy is a promising intervention with good acceptance among participants. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its effects and efficacy in cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.

RESUMO Este artigo trata da aquisição do acento primário do inglês por falantes de português brasileiro. O objetivo é observar se falantes não nativos conseguem modificar a noção de sílaba pesada do português (equivalente a sílaba com rima ramificada) para a do inglês (equivalente a núcleo ramificado). Os resultados indicaram que o nível de proficiência é significante, mas que o segmento da sílaba final e a possibilidade de epêntese afetam ainda mais os resultados. Os resultados nos permitem defender que, apesar da grande influência da L1 nos níveis de proficiência iniciais, a reparametrização (nos moldes de Chomsky 1982) é possível.

ABSTRACT This article looks at the acquisition of English primary stress by Brazilian Portuguese speakers. The aim is to see if non-native speakers can change the notion of heavy syllable in Portuguese, which is equivalent to a branched rhyme, to that of English, which is equivalent to a branched nucleus. The results indicated that the proficiency level is significant, but the segment of the final syllable and the possibility of epenthesis affect the results even more. Our findings allow us to argue that despite the influence of the first language at the beginning of the learning process, reparametrization is possible.

RESUMEN Teniendo en cuenta las marginaciones que recaen sobre la prostitución, analizamos los retos sociales y sanitarios que subyacen al ejercicio del trabajo sexual y la intervención realizada en este ámbito. Partimos de las experiencias y entendimientos de trabajadoras sexuales que ejercen su actividad en la ciudad de Oporto (Portugal), en un intento de comprender cuáles son las principales vulnerabilidades a las que se enfrentan y cómo viven la relación con los servicios del Estado y con la intervención sociosanitaria dirigida a ellas. La investigación de campo siguió un enfoque cualitativo basado en un estudio de caso de un proyecto de intervención. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo, entre los meses de marzo y junio de 2019, mediante investigación documental, ejercicios de observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas al personal técnico y a seis trabajadoras sexuales. Como resultado de esta investigación, se ha constatado que las trabajadoras del sexo están sometidas a graves restricciones que limitan su recurso a las redes de apoyo informales y su acceso a los dispositivos de protección del Estado en términos de apoyo social y atención sanitaria. Es más, el proyecto de intervención de reducción de riesgos que apoya a estas mujeres, aunque valorado, asume un fuerte sesgo de prevención epidemiológica y favorece un enfoque individualista y asistencialista, dejando al descubierto otras vulnerabilidades sociales identificadas por ellas mismas.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the social and health challenges linked to sex work and the interventions carried out within this arena, taking into consideration the ways in which prostitution is socially marginalized. Basing our analysis on the experiences and understandings of sex workers practicing in the city of Oporto (Portugal), we attempt to understand the main forms of vulnerability faced by this group, along with the ways in which they experience the relationship with State services and social and health interventions that target them. Qualitative field research was conducted involving a case study of an intervention project. Data collection was carried out from March to June 2019, and included documentary research, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with project staff and six sex workers. Among the results of our study, we found that sex workers are subject to severe constraints, limiting their use of informal support networks and their access to State social protection and healthcare services. Moreover, although the intervention project based on harm reduction intended to support these women and was indeed valued, it had a strong epidemiological prevention bias favoring an individualistic and assistentialist approach, while failing to address other social vulnerabilities identified by the women themselves.