Abstract Background Emerging evidence indicates that inflammation plays an important role as a mechanism underlying mental disorders. However, most of the research on inflammatory mechanisms focuses on serum levels of interleukins and very few studies have investigated molecules that initiate and expand innate immune pathways such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Objectives This study investigated the levels of DAMPs among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) I and II, schizophrenia (SCZ), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We quantified serum levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 and 60 and of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B). Methods Serum levels of HSP70, HSP60, and S100B were assessed in a sample of participants with psychiatric disorders (n = 191) and a control group (CT) (n = 59) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum HSP70 concentrations were significantly higher in the MDD group compared to the CT, SCZ, and BD groups. The GAD group had higher concentrations of HSP70 than the SCZ group. Exploring associations with medications, lithium (p = 0.003) and clozapine (p = 0.028) were associated with lower HSP70 levels. Approximately 64% of the sample had DAMPs levels below the limits of detection indicated by the respective ELISA kit. Conclusion This was the first study to assess DAMPs levels in a transdiagnostic sample. Our preliminary findings suggest that HSP70 may be associated with MDD pathophysiology. Medications such as lithium and clozapine were associated with lower HSP70 levels in BD and SCZ groups, respectively. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that all participants were medicated and many psychotropic drugs exert an anti-inflammatory effect, possibly reducing the signs of inflammation.

RESUMO O artigo aborda o projeto Mapeamento de Sítios e Monumentos Religiosos Negros da Bahia (MAMNBA) como um indicador importante de dois movimentos convergentes que tomam corpo a partir nos anos 1980 no Brasil: o da emergência do “patrimônio nacional” como um campo de luta política apropriado por movimento sociais negros de afirmação de direitos culturais e de quebra do monopólio luso-brasileiro nas representações da história do país; e o da ampliação da antiga noção de patrimônio histórico e artístico, com sua paulatina substituição pela noção de patrimônio cultural. Aborda, ainda, o modo como a Constituição Federal de 1988 recepcionou esses movimentos e como suas diretrizes relativas ao patrimônio afro-brasileiro foram absorvidas na política de preservação do patrimônio cultural, especialmente no âmbito federal. Tomando esta esfera do poder público como foco, o artigo trata também dos desdobramentos conceituais, metodológicos e práticos que a proteção e salvaguarda desse patrimônio produziu no âmbito do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), a partir do tombamento de diversos terreiros de candomblé na Bahia e em outros estados do país. Por fim, o artigo aborda os conflitos e contradições que emergiram a partir da gestão e do dia a dia da preservação desses bens culturais, entre as concepções da área técnica do Iphan sobre a sua conservação e a visão das comunidades de culto sobre o que é o seu patrimônio cultural e como este deve ser preservado nesses sítios.

ABSTRACT The article approaches the Black Religious Monuments and Sites Mapping Project (MAMNBA) as an important indicator of two converging movements that take shape in the 1980s in Brazil. The first one is the emergence of the "national heritage" as a field of political struggle appropriated by black social movements that seek the affirmation of their cultural rights and the breaking of the Portuguese-Brazilian monopoly of the representations of the history of the country. The second one is the extension of the old concept of historical and artistic heritage until its gradual replacement by the notion of cultural heritage. It also addresses the way in which the Federal Constitution of 1988 welcomed these movements and how their guidelines regarding Afro-Brazilian heritage were absorbed in the policy of cultural heritage preservation, especially at the federal level. Taking this sphere of public power as a focus, the article also deals with the conceptual, methodological and practical developments that the protection and safeguarding of this particular cultural heritage has produced within the scope of the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage (Iphan), since the listing of several Terreiros de Candomblé in Bahia and in other states of the country as cultural heritage. Finally, the article addresses the conflicts and contradictions that emerged from the day-to-day management and preservation of these cultural properties between the conceptions of Iphan’s technical staff on the conservation of these religious spaces and what the cult communities consider their cultural heritage and how it should be preserved in these sites.

Resumo Introdução O número de sites com foco em conteúdo de saúde mental vem crescendo rapidamente. Considerando a necessidade crescente de acesso a informações precisas sobre tratamento em saúde mental, é importante entender a promoção dessas informações on-line. Objetivo Analisar as interações da Semana de Saúde Mental do BuzzFeed (BuzzFeed’s Mental Health Week – BFMHW) em seu próprio site e em plataformas de mídia social relacionadas (Facebook, Twitter e YouTube) usando métricas de entrega de informações em tópicos de saúde mental. Métodos Extraímos métricas de mídias sociais das 20 postagens com o maior número de interações no site da BFMHW e de 41 vídeos disponíveis na playlist da BFMHW criada pelo perfil BuzzFeed Video no YouTube. Analisamos o formato e o conteúdo usados nos métodos de publicação do BuzzFeed, bem como as seguintes métricas de mídias sociais: exposição (presença on-line, visualizações e tempo on-line), influência (curtidas) e engajamento (comentários, compartilhamentos, respostas e interações do BuzzFeed). Resultados A análise das variáveis revelou que o envolvimento do público está associado ao número de mídias em que o conteúdo é publicado: visualizações no YouTube e compartilhamentos no Facebook (0,71, p <0,001), interações totais no Facebook (0,66, p <0,001) e número de interações totais no BuzzFeed (0,56, p <0,001). Conclusões Nossos resultados sugerem que o YouTube pode ser um importante canal de informações, incluindo atividades e envolvimento em outras mídias, como o Facebook. As informações podem alcançar o público de forma mais eficaz se forem exibidas em mais de uma mídia e incluírem experiências pessoais, algum humor no conteúdo e informações detalhadas sobre o tratamento.

Abstract Introduction The Internet has seen rapid growth in the number of websites focusing on mental health content. Considering the increased need for access to accurate information about mental health treatment, it is important to understand the promotion of this information online. Objective To analyze BuzzFeed’s Mental Health Week (BFMHW) interactions on its own website and in related social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter and YouTube) using metrics of information delivery in mental health topics. Methods We extracted social media metrics from the 20 posts with the highest number of BuzzFeed interactions on the BFMHW website and from 41 videos available on the BFMHW playlist created by the BuzzFeed Video profile on YouTube. We analyzed the format and content used in BuzzFeed’s publishing methods as well as the following social media metrics: exposure (presence online, views and time online), influence (likes) and engagement (comments, shares, replies and BuzzFeed interactions). Results Analysis of the variables revealed that audience engagement is associated with the number of medias in which the content is published: views on YouTube and shares on Facebook (0.71, p<0.001), total interactions on Facebook (0.66, p<0.001) and BuzzFeed number of total interactions (0.56, p<0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that videos on YouTube may be an important information channel, including activity and engagement on other medias such as Facebook. Information may be more effective in reaching the audience if it is delivered in more than one media and includes personal experiences, some humor in content and detailed information about treatment.

Objective: To assess cognitive performance and psychosocial functioning in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), in unaffected siblings, and in healthy controls. Methods: Subjects were patients with BD (n=36), unaffected siblings (n=35), and healthy controls (n=44). Psychosocial functioning was accessed using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). A sub-group of patients with BD (n=21), unaffected siblings (n=14), and healthy controls (n=22) also underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests: California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Stroop Color and Word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the chi-square test; multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine differences in neuropsychological variables. Results: Patients with BD showed higher FAST total scores (23.90±11.35) than healthy controls (5.86±5.47; p < 0.001) and siblings (12.60±11.83; p 0.001). Siblings and healthy controls also showed statistically significant differences in FAST total scores (p = 0.008). Patients performed worse than healthy controls on all CVLT sub-tests (p < 0.030) and in the number of correctly completed categories on WCST (p = 0.030). Siblings did not differ from healthy controls in cognitive tests. Conclusion: Unaffected siblings of patients with BD may show poorer functional performance compared to healthy controls. FAST scores may contribute to the development of markers of vulnerability and endophenotypic traits in at-risk populations.