Abstract IAC VR211 and IAC VM211 were developed for growing in Brazil with the aim of responding to the domestic and export market. The cultivars have a mean cycle of 85 days and yield potential of 2,191 kg ha-1 for IAC VR211 and 1,603 kg ha-1 for IAC VM211.

Abstract: IAC 2153 and IAC 2156 are new common bean cultivars with special bean grains for new markets, especially the international market. They have a mean hundred-seed weight of 50 g, mean cooking time of 32 min, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt, and moderate resistance to common bacterial blight.

Abstract: The cultivars IAC 201CS and IAC 201CO have a mean cycle of 100 and 110 days, mean 1000 seed weight of 18 and 6 grams, mean total fresh matter weight of 26,287.81 and 36,174.12 kg ha-1, and mean seed weight of 812.57 and 1,017.09 kg ha-1, respectively.

Abstract: IAC 2051 is a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with carioca-type seed coat, mean 1000 seed weight of 300g, indeterminate semi-upright type II growth habit, slow post-harvest seed coat darkening, resistance to Fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and three races of anthracnose, and mean yield of 2729 kg ha-1.

Abstract IAC 1849 Polaco is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige/cream-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, 75-day mean maturity , semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed darkening, mean 1000-seed weight of 240 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and mean seed yield of 2464 kg ha-1 obtained in 18 experiments.

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the leading countries in the production of maize (Zea mays), with great potential for growing green maize, which has a superior commercial value in relation to maize marketed in the form of grains. Although important, the availability of cultivars recommended for the production of green maizeis still very scarce. The objectives of the present study were to estimate genetic parameters and to identify promising hybrid combinations for the development of new green maize cultivars to farmers. In the summer crop of 2016/17, ten hybrid combinations obtained through a complete diallel of five maize populations, with attributes for in natura consumption, were evaluated in two sites of the state of São Paulo, Brazil: the Instituto Agronômico(IAC) in Campinas and Tatuí. A randomized block design was used with two additional checks, with three replications, in plots with four five-meter rows spaced by 0.9 m in Campinas and 0.8 m in Tatuí, with 5 plants per meter. The following agronomic traits were assessed: grain yield, ear yield with straw and ear yield without straw, using Griffing’s method 4. Significant effects of genotypes, environments and interaction genotypes × environments were detected for all traits. Estimates of the general combining ability led to the selection of populations P2, P4, and P5 as the ones with a higher concentration of favorable alleles for the characters evaluated. Estimates of specific combining ability and improved grain yield performance allowed P2xP3 to be selected as the most promising for production of green maize.

ABSTRACT A common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding program aims to obtain high yielding lines with quality bean seeds, disease resistance, and upright plant growth habit. The aims of this study were to evaluate the resistance of 527 common bean lines to the principal physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the Fusarium oxysporum f. phaseoli; to estimate genetic parameters and verify the efficiency of the genealogical and bulk methods in conducting these lines. Of these 527 lines, 279 were conducted by the genealogical method and 248 by the bulk method. For the field experiment, the Federer augmented block experimental design was used. Two commercial cultivars carioca seed coat were used as controls for the lines the same color, and more two commercial cultivars for the black seed coat lines. The traits evaluated in the field were plant height (PH), plant growth habit (P), bean seed yield (BY), sieve yield (SY), and lightness of the bean seed coat (L). Of the 527 lines evaluated for anthracnose, 207 were resistant, 57 moderately resistant, and 263 susceptible. For fusarium wilt, 58 were resistant, 53 moderately resistant, and 96 susceptible. For the carioca seed coat lines obtained by the genealogical method, the heritability (h²) estimates stood out for P, BY, L at 40 d, and gain from selection for BY. The h² stood out for black seed coat lines in the PH and SY traits, it can be concluded that the lines obtained by the genealogical method had better performance for all the traits

RESUMO. No Brasil, há uma escassez de cultivares e de estudos genéticos para programas de melhoramento de milhos especiais. Este trabalho teve por objetivos identificar híbridos promissores de milho branco quanto à produtividade e rendimento de canjica e estimar parâmetros genéticos dos genitores e a heterose. Na safra de 2012/13, quinze híbridos obtidos por dialelo completo, seis genitores e uma testemunha comercial foram avaliados quanto aos caracteres: florescimento feminino (FF), altura de espiga (EH), massa de grãos (GY), comprimento de espiga (EL), massa volumétrica (VM) e rendimento de canjica (GP), em dois locais do estado de São Paulo sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Efetuaram-se análises de variância e dialélica pelo modelo de Gardner e Eberhart. As populações P3 e P6 destacaram-se por reunir estimativas de efeitos de genitores e de heterose de variedades promissoras para os caracteres estudados, podendo ser utilizados para obtenção de linhagens e formação de compostos. Detectaram-se híbridos promissores para o mercado de milho branco. Para GP os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças, inferindo a necessidade da introdução de novas fontes de germoplasma.

ABSTRACT. In Brazil, there is a shortage of white maize cultivars and genetic studies for special maize breeding programs. This study aimed to identify populations and promising hybrid white maize for main agronomic traits and grits processing and to estimate the genetic parameters of parents and heterosis. In the 2012/13 growing season, fifteen hybrids were obtained by complete diallel crosses, and six parental and commercial check varieties were evaluated for: female flowering (FF), ear height (EH), grain yield (GY), ear length (EL), volumetric mass (VM) and grits processing (GP) in two locations in São Paulo State, Campinas and Mococa, using a randomized block design. Analyses of variance were carried out, and diallel crosses were performed using the Gardner and Eberhart model. The populations P3 and P6 stood out because of the estimated effects of the parents and of heterosis; the studied characters are promising for obtaining new lines and forming composites. For GP, the treatments showed no differences, implying the need to introduce new sources of germplasm.

A heterose e a depressão por endogamia são fenômenos complementares importantes nas estratégias de melhoramento, como para a obtenção de híbridos convencionais e melhoramento de populações. Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar híbridos de populações F2 de milho quanto aos caracteres agronômicos, estimar a heterose em relação à média dos pais e determinar a depressão endogâmica na obtenção das populações de genitores F2. Foram avaliados 10 híbridos de populações F2, cinco populações de genitores F2 e os respectivos híbridos comerciais (HC) quanto aos seguintes caracteres agronômicos: florescimento masculino (FM), altura de planta (AP), altura de espiga (AE) e massa de grãos (MG), em dois locais do estado de São Paulo, Mococa e Palmital, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso. A estimativa de depressão por endogamia ao passar da geração F1 para F2 variou de 18,0% no HC12 a 48,1% no HC10, para MG. A heterose média em relação à média dos pais obtida para massa de grãos foi de 37,2%, representada pela elevada produtividade alcançada pelos híbridos de F2. Baseando-se nesses resultados foi possível evidenciar dois híbridos de populações F2 que apresentaram potencial produtivo, alta heterose média e populações F2 com potencial para extração de linhagens.

Heterosis and inbreeding depression are complementary phenomena, both important to the establishment of breeding strategies, such as conventional hybrids and population breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic traits of hybrids in F2 populations, estimate of heterosis in relation to the average of the parents and determine the inbreeding depression in F2 parents populations. Ten hybrids of F2 populations, five F2 parents populations and the respective commercial hybrids (HC) were evaluated for male flowering, plant height, ear height and grain mass. Plants were evaluated in Mococa and Palmital counties at the Sao Paulo State and the experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The estimated inbreeding depression from F1 to next F2 generation ranged from 18.0% in HC12 to 48.1% in HC10 for grain mass. The heterosis in relation to the parents' mean was 37.2%, represented by high yield in F2 hybrids. Based on these results, it was possible to highlight two hybrids of F2 populations with high yield potential, high average heterosis and F2 populations with potential for extraction of inbred lines.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, na variedade comercial IPR 114 para fins de melhoramento. Realizou-se dois ciclos de seleção recorrente entre e dentro de progênies de meios-irmãos no período de 2004 a 2007. As progênies foram avaliadas em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com duas repetições por local sendo a parcela útil uma linha de 4,0 m de comprimento e 0,8 m entre linhas deixando cinco plantas por metro. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em Londrina e Ponta Grossa, Estado do Paraná. Avaliaram-se 173 e 154 progênies, respectivamente, para os ciclos 1 e 2 de seleção, analisando-se as variáveis: altura de plantas e de espigas, florescimento feminino, prolificidade e peso de grãos. Nos dois ciclos de seleção verificou-se variabilidade genética significativa entre progênies. Para peso de grãos foram preditos ganhos de seleção significativos, sendo para o ciclo 1, de 6,33% e para o ciclo 2, 5,03%. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos obtidos neste trabalho justificam a continuidade do programa de seleção na população IPR 114.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of the IPR 114 maize commercial variety for breeding purpose and the efficiency of the method. It was perfomed two cycles of half-sib progenie, between 2004 and 2007. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block desing with two replications per environments and the plots were composed of one 4 m length row spaced on 0.8 m, and five plants per meter. The trials were carried out in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil. There were evaluated 173 and 154 progenies for selection cycles 1 and 2, respectively, analyzing the following traits: plant height, ear height, days to flower, prolificacy and predict grain yield. In both cycles verified significant genetic variability between progenies. Significant selection gains were obtained for predict grain yield, showing 6,33 and 5,03% for cycles 1 and 2, respectively. The estimative for genetic parameters obtained in this work justify the selection program continuity of the IPR 114 maize population.