ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fitting process of a scleral lens that allows several parameter adjustments during trials and after the initial period of use. In addition, we verified which adjustments were needed and used the most, their indications, and how often these resources were used, and checked the results. Methods: Scleral contact lens fittings in a private clinic setting were prospectively analyzed in a sequential, non-randomized, and non-comparative manner. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and had an indication for scleral lens use (Zenlens, Alden Optical). Results: Scleral fit was analyzed in 80 eyes of 45 patients. Regarding diagnosis, 72% of the patients had keratoconus; 12%, radial keratotomy; 5%, post-refractive surgery ectasia; 5%, dry eye; and 3%, high myopia. In 66 (82.5%) of the 80 eyes studied, parameters were modified when the lenses were ordered. The reasons that led to the modifications were apical touch or decreased sagittal height, increased sagittal height, cylindrical over-refraction, poor visual acuity, lens flexure, peripheral touch, 360° edge compression, horizontal edge compression, and vertical edge compression. Conclusion: In this study, the use of Zenlens scleral lenses was shown to be a promising corrective treatment for patients requiring the use of scleral lenses. Although the study suggests a learning curve, as many adjustments were allowed, the lens could be customized according to the patients’ needs. This increased the success rates of fitting and wearing, and consequently, use of the lens became a great option for the visual rehabilitation of patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o processo de adaptação de uma lente escleral que permite vários ajustes de parâmetros durante os testes e após o período inicial do seu uso; verificar quais os ajustes foram necessários, quais foram os mais utilizados, as suas indicações, a frequência com que estes recursos foram utilizados, e avaliar os resultados das mudanças realizadas. Métodos: A adaptação da lente de contato escleral foi analisada prospectivamente, de forma sequencial, não aleatória e não comparativa. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo e tinham indicação para o uso de lentes esclerais. Foi utilizada a lente Zenlens (Alden Optical). Resultados: Foi analisada a adaptação de lentes de contato esclerais em 80 olhos de 45 pacientes. Quanto ao diagnóstico, 72% tinham ceratocone, 12% tinham sido submetidos a ceratotomia radial, 5% tinham ectasia pós-cirurgia refrativa, 5% tinham olho seco, e 3%, alta miopia. Em 66 dos 80 olhos estudados (82,5%), os parâmetros foram modificados quando as lentes foram encomendadas. As razões foram: toque apical ou diminuição da altura sagital, aumento da altura sagital, sobre-refração cilíndrica, baixa acuidade visual, flexão da lente, toque periférico, compressão da borda em 360° e compressão da borda horizontal e/ou vertical. Conclusão: O uso de lentes esclerais Zenlens demonstrou ser uma forma de correção muito promissora para os pacientes que requerem o uso de lentes esclerais. Embora o estudo sugira uma curva de aprendizagem, é possível personalizar as lentes de acordo com as necessidades de cada pacientes. Este fato melhora a adaptação e aumenta a chance de sucesso do uso.

Abstract Context: Many studies show the importance of evaluating the adaptation time of subjects in a virtual driving environment, looking forwards to a response as closest as a possible real vehicle. Objectives: This study aimed to identify and analyze the adaptation to the driving simulator in older adults and middle-aged adults with and without a distraction, and a secondary aim was to identify predictors of safe performance for older adults’ drives. Design: Male and female middle-aged adults (n = 62, age = 30.3 ± 7.1 years) and older adults (n = 102, age = 70.4 ± 5.8 years) were evaluated for braking time performance in a driving simulator; cognition performance assessment included the Mini-Mental State Examination; motor evaluation included ankle flexor muscle strength with the isokinetic dynamometer and handgrip strength; the postural balance was evaluated with Timed Up and Go test, with and without a cognitive distraction task. Results: Older adults (men and women) and middle-aged adult women require more time to adapt to the driving simulator. The distractor increases the adaptation time for all groups. The main predictors of braking time for older women are age, muscle strength, and postural balance associated with distraction, and for older men, muscle strength. Conclusions: Age, sex, and distractor interfere in the adaptation of the virtual task of driving in a simulator. The evaluation model developed with multi-domains demonstrated the ability to predict which skills are related to braking time with and without the presence of the distractor.

Abstract IAC Herculândia is a Coffea canephora cultivar multiresistant to Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, and M. paranaensis to be used as a rootstock for Coffea arabica cultivars. It is a synthetic cultivar resulting from recombination among the clonal cultivars IAC WG, IAC FEBS, IAC PM, IAC LCCBF, and IAC ARM.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a impedância do sistema respiratório (Zsr) e parâmetros espirométricos em crianças e adolescentes com e sem história de prematuridade. Métodos: Foi analisada uma amostra de 51 indivíduos entre 11 e 14 anos de idade: 35 com história de prematuridade (grupo pré-termo) e 16 nascidos a termo (grupo a termo). A função pulmonar foi medida por meio de espirometria, oscilometria espectral e oscilometria intra-breath. Resultados: A espirometria e a oscilometria espectral não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos pré-termo e a termo. No entanto, a oscilometria intra-breath demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos quanto à alteração da resistência, à reatância ao final da inspiração e à alteração da reatância (p < 0,05 para todas). Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que as anormalidades na Zsr persistem em crianças e adolescentes com história de prematuridade e que a oscilometria intra-breath é mais sensível do que a oscilometria espectral. São necessários estudos maiores para validar esses achados e para explorar o impacto do peso e idade gestacional ao nascer na Zsr mais tarde na vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess respiratory system impedance (Zrs) and spirometric parameters in children and adolescents with and without a history of preterm birth. Methods: We evaluated a sample of 51 subjects between 11 and 14 years of age: 35 who had a history of preterm birth (preterm group) and 16 who had been born at term (full-term group). Lung function was measured by spirometry, spectral oscillometry, and intra-breath oscillometry. Results: Neither spirometry nor spectral oscillometry revealed any statistically significant differences between the preterm and full-term groups. However, intra-breath oscillometry demonstrated significant differences between the two groups in terms of the change in resistance, reactance at end-inspiration, and the change in reactance (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that abnormalities in Zrs persist in children and adolescents with a history of preterm birth and that intra-breath oscillometry is more sensitive than is spectral oscillometry. Larger studies are needed in order to validate these findings and to explore the impact that birth weight and gestational age at birth have on Zrs later in life.

RESUMO: Os nematoides-das-galhas (RKN - Meloidogyne spp.) são uma das mais sérias ameaças à produção de cenoura no mundo. No Brasil, as cenouras são cultivadas ao longo do ano, e as perdas econômicas devido à RKN são frequentemente relatadas. Como pouco se sabe sobre a distribuição de espécies RKN em campos de cenoura no Brasil, coletamos amostras de plantas e solo de 35 campos em seis estados. Baseado na morfologia do padrão perineal, fenótipos de esterase e/ou PCR espécie-específica, três espécies de Meloidogyne foram identificadas: 60% dos campos estavam infestados por Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica foi encontrada em 42,9% das áreas, enquanto M. hapla foi detectada em 17,1% dos campos de cenoura. Populações mistas foram encontradas em 20% das áreas, com predominância de M. incognita + M. javanica. A combinação de técnicas morfológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares é uma abordagem útil para identificar espécies de RKN.

ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes (RKN - Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most serious threats to carrot production worldwide. In Brazil, carrots are grown throughout the year, and economic losses due to RKN are reported. Since little is known on the distribution of RKN species in carrot fields in Brazil, we collected plant and soil samples from 35 fields across six states. Based on the morphology of perineal patterns, esterase phenotypes and species-specific PCR, three Meloidogyne species were identified: 60% of the fields were infested with Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica was reported in 42.9% of the areas, whereas M. hapla was detected in 17.1% of carrot fields. Mixed populations were reported in 20% of the areas with a predominance of M. incognita + M. javanica. The combination of morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques is a useful approach to identify RKN species.

A expansão do cultivo da soja no Brasil ocorreu depois de 1940, quando passou a ser produzida para fins comerciais nos estados do sul do país. Com o aumento da demanda pelo grão no mercado nacional e internacional, o cultivo foi expandido para o centro oeste, sobretudo na década de 1970, quando novas variedades de sementes foram desenvolvidas para se adaptarem ao bioma Cerrado. Na metade da década de 1990, uma nova expansão ocorreu em direção à áreas de alguns estados do norte e nordeste do Brasil, tendo como destaque a região conhecida como MATOPIBA. Essa expansão pode ser visualizada pelos dados oficiais do IBGE que apontam as tendências desse processo histórico, e esse artigo se baseou nesses dados para traçar o percurso e indicar uma possível temporalidade para esse fenômeno social e histórico tão significativo para o Brasil

The expansion of soybean cultivation in Brazil occurred mainly after 1940, when it began to be produced for commercial purposes in the southern states of the country. With the growing demand for grain in the national and international markets, cultivation was expanded to the Midwest, especially in the 1970s, when new seed varieties were developed to adapt to the Cerrado biome. In the mid‒1990s, a new expansion took place towards the areas of some states of the North and Northeast of Brazil, with emphasis on the region known as MATOPIBA. This expansion can be visualized by the official IBGE data that indicate the trends of this historical process, and this article was based on these data to trace the course and indicate a possible temporality for this social and historical phenomenon so significant for Brazil

Abstract The common bean is characterized by high sensitivity to drought and low productivity. Breeding for drought resistance in this species involves genes of different genetic groups. In this work, we used a SEA 5 x AND 277 cross to map quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance in order to assess the factors that determine the magnitude of drought response in common beans. A total of 438 polymorphic markers were used to genotype the F8 mapping population. Phenotyping was done in two greenhouses, one used to simulate drought and the other to simulate irrigated conditions. Fourteen traits associated with drought tolerance were measured to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The map was constructed with 331 markers that covered all 11 chromosomes and had a total length of 1515 cM. Twenty-two QTLs were discovered for chlorophyll, leaf and stem fresh biomass, leaf biomass dry weight, leaf temperature, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight, days to flowering, dry pod weight and total yield under well-watered and drought (stress) conditions. All the QTLs detected under drought conditions showed positive effects of the SEA 5 allele. This study provides a better understanding of the genetic inheritance of drought tolerance in common bean.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the performance, immunology, and survival of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to experimental challenge to Vibrio alginolyticus based on the use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and the combined use of probiotic and butyrate. Four different diets resulted from the addition of additives: butyrate, probiotic, butyrate + probiotic, and control (no additives). The attractiveness of the diets was assessed by the percentage of positive choices and rejections, using a dual-choice Y-maze format aquarium. The shrimps were fed during four weeks and performance parameters, intestinal microbiota, and immunological parameters were all evaluated. Subsequently, the shrimps were challenged with V. alginolyticus and after 48 h, survival and immunological parameters were evaluated. The results showed increased attractiveness and intake, but only with diets supplemented with sodium butyrate. However, other diets were not rejected. No difference in performance or immunological parameters was observed among the different diets. Also, among the treatments, no difference in Vibrio spp., or total heterotrophic bacteria counts, was found in the intestinal tract. However, the lactic acid bacteria count was higher in the intestinal tract of shrimps fed diets supplemented with probiotic. After bacterial challenge, shrimp fed all diets had a greater survival when compared with the control group. Lactobacillus plantarum and sodium butyrate increase the resistance of shrimp to infection with V. alginolyticus, but do so without affecting performance, immunological parameters, or Vibrio spp., and total heterotrophic bacteria counts in the intestinal tract.

Abstract Angular leaf spot (ALS) and powdery mildew (PWM) are two important fungi diseases causing significant yield losses in common beans. In this study, a new genetic linkage map was constructed using single sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in a segregating population derived from the AND 277 x SEA 5 cross, with 105 recombinant inbred lines. Phenotypic evaluations were performed in the greenhouse to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance by means of the composite interval mapping analysis. Four QTLs were identified for ALS resistance. The QTL ALS11AS, linked on the SNP BAR 5054, mapped on chromosome Pv11, showed the greatest effect (R2 = 26.5%) on ALS phenotypic variance. For PWM resistance, two QTLs were detected, PWM2AS and PWM11AS, on Pv2 and Pv11, explaining 7% and 66% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Both QTLs on Pv11 were mapped on the same genomic region, suggesting that it is a pleiotropic region. The present study resulted in the identification of new markers closely linked to ALS and PWM QTLs, which can be used for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and positional cloning.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals have emerged as a useful strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water soluble drugs by aiming to enhance their oral absorption and bioavailability. Aqueous cocrystal solubility can be orders of magnitude higher than that of the constituent drug and this solubility advantage can be fine-tuned based on environmental conditions such as pH and the presence of drug solubilizing agents. This review presents a brief overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals regarding cocrystal design, obtainment methods, with particular focus on cocrystal solubility, and the solubility modulation by solution phase chemistry.

ABSTRACT Streptomyces lunalinharesii strain 235 produces an antimicrobial substance that is active against sulfate reducing bacteria, the major bacterial group responsible for biofilm formation and biocorrosion in petroleum reservoirs. The use of this antimicrobial substance for sulfate reducing bacteria control is therefore a promising alternative to chemical biocides. In this study the antimicrobial substance did not interfere with the biofilm stability, but the sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm formation was six-fold smaller in carbon steel coupons treated with the antimicrobial substance when compared to the untreated control. A reduction in the most probable number counts of planktonic cells of sulfate reducing bacteria was observed after treatments with the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal inhibitory concentration, and supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance. Additionally, when the treated coupons were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the biofilm formation was found to be substantially reduced when the supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance was used. The coupons used for the biofilm formation had a small weight loss after antimicrobial substance treatment, but corrosion damage was not observed by scanning electron microscopy. The absence of the dsrA gene fragment in the scraped cell suspension after treatment with the supra-minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial substance suggests that Desulfovibrio alaskensis was not able to adhere to the coupons. This is the first report on an antimicrobial substance produced by Streptomyces active against sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm formation. The application of antimicrobial substance as a potential biocide for sulfate reducing bacteria growth control could be of great interest to the petroleum industry.

RESUMO Objetivo: O ceratocone é uma ectasia corneana bilateral e assimétrica que leva a afinamento corneano inferior e protrusão da córnea, não existe consenso sobre qual é o melhor caminho para adaptar lentes de contato em pacientes com ceratocone, considerando seus diferentes padrões topográficos e graus de evolução. O objetivo desse estudo é associar o grau de evolução e padrão topográfico com o tipo/desenho da lente adaptada. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva das lentes de contato adaptadas em 185 pacientes com ceratocone (325 olhos) no Departamento de Lentes de Contato. O ceratocone foi classificado de acordo com a ceratometria em graus I, II, III e IV e de acordo com a morfologia em cone redondo, oval, globoso e indeterminado. Resultados: Foram avaliados 325 olhos. Em 66,1% dos olhos com grau I foi adaptada lente monocurva. Dos 162 olhos classificados como graus I e II foram adaptadas lentes monocurva em 51%, bicurva em 30% e outros em 19%. Em relação aos olhos grau III, em 52,1% foram adaptadas lentes bicurvas e o mesmo aconteceu em 62,2% dos olhos com grau IV. Apenas 26% dos olhos grau III ou IV receberam lentes monocurva, com necessidade de bicurvas em 55%. 45% dos cones ovais foram adaptados com lentes monocurva, 35% com bicurvas e 20% com outros tipos, enquanto 55% dos cones redondos foram adaptados com lentes bicurvas, apenas 30% com monocurvas e 15% com outros desenhos. Conclusão: Lentes de contato rígida gás-permeável (LCRGP) monocurvas são mais frequentemente utilizadas em ceratocones leves e moderados e em ovais, enquanto bicurvas são mais usadas para casos graves e avançados e em cones redondos.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Keratoconus is characterized by bilateral asymmetrical corneal ectasia that leads to inferior stromal thinning and corneal protrusion. There is currently a lack of consensus regarding the most efficacious method for fitting contact lenses in patients with keratoconus, given the various topographical patterns and evolution grades observed in affected populations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between keratoconus evolution grade and topography pattern and the type and design of fitted contact lens. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of contact lenses fitted in a total of 185 patients with keratoconus (325 eyes). Keratoconus was classified as either grade I, II, III, or IV based on keratometry and cone morphology (nipple, oval, globus, or indeterminate) results. Results: A total of 325 eyes were evaluated in the present study. Of the 62 eyes classified as grade I, 66.1% were fitted with monocurve contact lenses. Of the 162 eyes classified as grade I and II, 51%, 30%, and 19% were fitted with adapted monocurve rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPCL), bicurve lenses, and others lens types, respectively. Bicurve lenses were fitted in 52.1% and 62.2% of eyes classified as grade III and IV, respectively. Of the eyes classified as grade III and IV, monocurve and bicurve RGPCL were fitted in 26% and 55%, respectively. In eyes with oval keratoconus, 45%, 35%, and 20% were fitted with monocurve lenses, bicurve lenses, and other lens types, respectively. In eyes with round cones (nipple morphology), 55%, 30%, and 15% were fitted with bicurve lenses, monocurve lenses, and other lens types, respectively. Conclusion: Monocurve RGPCL were most frequently fitted in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus and oval cones morphology, while bicurve lenses were more frequently fitted in patients with severe and advanced keratoconus. This was probably because bicurve lenses are more appropriate for round cones due to increased corneal asphericity.

RESUMO A síndrome de Alport é descrita como uma doença hereditária que afeta um gene relacionado à produção de colágeno das membranas basais causando nefrite hemorrágica associada com surdez e alterações oculares. A forma ligada ao X é a mais comum e afeta principalmente homens. Os achados oculares típicos são retinopatia em ponto-mancha, lenticone anterior e distrofia polimorfa posterior. Alguns casos foram descritos de associação entre a distrofia polimorfa posterior e ectasia corneana. Nós apresentamos um caso de paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos, diagnóstico de síndrome de Alport, distrofia polimorfa posterior e astigmatismo irregular, que apresenta melhora da acuidade visual após adaptação com lentes de contato rígidas gás permeáveis.

ABSTRACT Alport Syndrome is a hereditary disease that is caused by a gene mutation and affects the production of collagen in basement membranes; this condition causes hemorrhagic nephritis associated with deafness and ocular changes. The X-linked form of this disease is the most common and mainly affects males. Typical ocular findings are dot-and-fleck retinopathy, anterior lenticonus, and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy. Some cases involving polymorphous corneal dystrophy and corneal ectasia have been previously described. Here we present a case report of a 33-year-old female with Alport syndrome, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and irregular astigmatism, whose visual acuity improved with a rigid gas permeable contact lens.

RESUMOMeloidogyne enterolobii é considerada uma espécie agressiva entre os nematoides das galhas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o fator de reprodução de M. enterolobii, em 42 olerícolas e 18 plantas utilizadas na adubação verde. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação. A infestação do solo foi realizada com 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio de M. enterolobii/vaso. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições por tratamento. Tomateiro 'Rutgers' foi utilizado como padrão de viabilidade do inóculo. As plantas consideradas resistentes foram alface 'Grand Rapids', cebolinhas 'Tokyo' e 'Nebuka', alho 'Poró Gigante', salsas 'Comum HT' e 'Graúda Portuguesa', cenouras 'Brasília', 'Brasília Irecê' e 'Planeta'; e todas as brássicas estudadas: couve-flor 'Teresópolis Gigante' e 'Piracicaba Precoce'; repolhos 'Chato de Quintal' e 'Coração de Boi'; brócolis 'Piracicaba', 'Brasília', 'Santana', 'Cabeça', 'Bruxelas' e "Tronchuda Portuguesa'. Os adubos verdes azevém, Crotalaria breviflora, C. juncea, C. spectabilis, C. mucronata, C. ochroleuca, Dolichos lablab, Pennisetum glaucum, Mucuna deeringiana, M. cinereum, M. aterrima e Raphanus sativus também foram resistentes. Essas plantas constituem opção viável para a rotação de culturas em áreas infestadas com M. enterolobii.

ABSTRACTMeloidogyne enterolobii is considered to be an aggressive root-knot species. The goal of this work was determine the M. enterolobii reproduction factor on 42 vegetable crops and on 18 plants used as green manure. The experiments were carried in a greenhouse. The substrate inoculation was made with 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles of M. enterolobii/plot. The experimental delineations were entirely randomized, with six replications. Resistance was found in 'Brasília', 'Brasília Irecê' and 'Planeta' carrot, 'Grand Rapids' lettuce; 'Tokyo' and 'Nebuka' chive; 'Poró Gigante' leeks; 'Comum HT' and 'Graúda Portuguesa' parsley and all brassicas plants studied: 'Teresópolis Gigante' and 'Piracicaba Precoce' cauliflower; 'Chato de Quintal' and 'Coração de Boi' cabbage; 'Piracicaba', 'Brasília', 'Santana' and 'Cabeça' broccoli and 'Bruxelas' and 'Tronchuda Portuguesa' cole. Lollium multiflorum, Crotalaria breviflora, C. juncea, C. spectabilis, C. mucronata, C. ochroleuca, Dolichos lablab, Pennisetum glaucum, Mucuna deeringiana, M. cinereum, M. aterrima and Raphanus sativus green manures were resistant. These plants are viable options to crop rotation in M. enterolobii infested areas.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar os nematoides associados a plantas de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum) cultivadas como flor de corte (13 amostras) ou plantas em vaso (41 amostras) nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina. Nematoides foram extraídos de 10g de raízes e 250cm3 de solo ou substrato e identificados sob microscópio de luz. A espécie mais frequente foi Radopholus similis, detectada em 54% das amostras de antúrio cultivado como flor de corte. Constituíram novas ocorrências em antúrio no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. californicus, H. multicinctus, Meloidogyne paranaensis e R. similis.Entretanto, nenhum nematoide parasito de plantas foi encontrado nos antúrios cultivados em vaso, com substrato de fibra de coco.

The aim of this research was to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with Anthurium andraeanum plants cultivated as cut flowers (13 samples) or pot flowers (41 samples) in the States of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil. Nematodes were extracted from 10g of roots and 250cm3 of soil by centrifugation method and identified under microscope. The most frequently occurring species was Radopholus similis detected on 54% of anthuriums cultivated as cut flowers. Among the identified species, the following associations constitute new records to Brazil in anthuriums: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. californicus, H. multicinctus, Meloidogyne paranaensis and R. similis. However, no plant parasitic nematodes were detected on A. andraeanum cultivated as pot flowers in coconut fiber substrate.