Resumo: Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema catalítico para a N-arilação do imidazol, com CuI, através do planejamento experimental. A 1.10-fenantrolina (ligante bidentado) foi utilizada e provou ser eficaz no acoplamento de iodo e bromoarenos com imidazol. Assim, o artigo aqui apresentado está destinado a servir como um tutorial para a otimização de novos sistemas catalíticos e pode ser aplicado como uma aula prática de baixo custo para estudantes universitários de química.

Abstract: This work deals the development of a catalytic system for the N-arylation of imidazole with CuI through experimental design. 1,10-Phenanthroline (bidentate ligand) was used and proved to be efficient in the coupling of iodo- and bromoarenes with imidazole. Thus, the article presented here is intended to serve as a tutorial for optimization of new catalytic systems and may be applied as a lowcost practical class for chemistry undergraduate students.

A three-week mini-project is described for an experimental Physical Chemistry or Organic Chemistry course. The activities include synthesis of a biphenyl (4-methoxybiphenyl) via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using an adapted domestic microwave oven. The technical skills and concepts that are typically presented in practical chemistry courses are covered, including microwave heating, separation of mixtures, TLC techniques, melting range determination, stoichiometric calculations, and GC-MS techniques.

Un mini-proyecto de 3 semanas se describe en un curso experimental de Fisicoquímica o Química Orgánica. Las actividades incluyen la síntesis de un bifenilo (4-metoxibifenil) a través de la reacción de acoplamiento cruzado de Suzuki-Miyaura usando un horno de microondas doméstico adaptado. Las habilidades técnicas y conceptos que normalmente se presentan en los cursos de química prácticos están cubiertos, incluyendo el calentamiento por microondas, la separación de mezclas, técnicas de TLC, la determinación del intervalo de fusión, cálculos estequiométricos, y las técnicas de GC-MS.

This paper describes a three-week mini-project for an Experimental Organic Chemistry course. The activities include N-C cross-coupling synthesis of N-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzamide in an adapted microwave oven by a copper catalyst (CuI). Abilities and concepts normally present in practical organic chemistry courses are covered: use of balances, volumetric glassware, separation of mixtures (liquid-liquid extraction and filtration), chromatographic techniques, melting point determination and stoichiometric calculations.

The present work deals with the study of the correlation of free-energy developed in a catalytic system for Suzuki coupling, by way of the Hammett equation. The system presents NCP pincer palladacycle 1 as a catalyst precursor, which proved to be very efficient in the coupling of various aryl boronic acids with aryl halides in previous studies. Thus, the article presented here intends to serve as a support for further investigations and clarifications relating to cross-coupling catalytic cycles.

This paper describes a five-week mini-project for a general chemistry laboratory course. Activities are included preparations of ethanol and sucrose solutions, calculation of concentrations, determination of densities with densimeters, sugarcane juice fermentation with CO2 capture in alkaline solution, distillation, and determination of amounts of ethanol and CO2 formed. Abilities and concepts normally present in practical general chemistry courses are covered: use of balances, volumetric glassware and densimeters, preparation of solutions, performing of dilutions, determination of solution densities, observation of chemical reactions, stoichiometric calculations, separation of mixtures, and titration.