ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

Resumo A agricultura urbana tem sua história atrelada ao desenvolvimento das civilizações. Com o objetivo de identificar os benefícios gerados pela prática e suas motivações, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e posterior análise de artigos que descrevem as experiências atuais, características de manejo e aspectos de gestão. Nos países com IDH muito alto, as hortas comunitárias e o bem-estar da população são temas de destaque. Países com IDH alto focam na contaminação do solo e mitigação dos impactos da poluição, já países com IDH médio tem como temática principal a sustentabilidade da prática. Finalmente, países com IDH baixo discutem sua importância para segurança alimentar. Independente dos objetivos que motivam a agricultura urbana e as pesquisas da área, sua contribuição para qualidade ambiental, social e econômica das cidades é evidenciada.

Abstract Urban agriculture has its history tied to the development of civilizations. Aiming to identify the benefits generated by the practice and its motivations, a literature review and later analysis of articles describing current experiences, management characteristics and organization aspects was carried out. In countries with a very high HDI, community gardens and the well-being of the population are prominent themes. Countries with high HDI focus on soil contamination and mitigation of pollution impacts, as countries with an average HDI has as main theme the sustainability of the practice. Finally, low HDI countries discuss their importance for food security. Regardless of the objectives that motivate urban agriculture and research in the area, is evidenced its contribution to the environmental, social and economic quality of cities.

Resumen La agricultura urbana tiene su historia vinculada al desarrollo de las civilizaciones. Con el objetivo de identificar los beneficios generados por la práctica y sus motivaciones, se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico y posterior análisis de artículos que describen las experiencias actuales, características de manejo y aspectos de gestión. En los países con IDH muy alto, los huertos comunitarios y el bienestar de la población son temas destacados. Los países con IDH alto se centran en la contaminación del suelo y la mitigación de los impactos de la contaminación, ya países con IDH medio como tema principal la sostenibilidad de la práctica. Finalmente, los países con IDH bajo discute su importancia para la seguridad alimentaria. Independiente de los objetivos que motivan la agricultura urbana y las investigaciones del área, su contribución a la calidad ambiental, social y económica de las ciudades es evidenciada.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre o desempenho escolar, idade, gênero, classificação econômica e comportamentos sociais - capacidades e dificuldades - de acordo com o instrumento Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades - SDQ-Por (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ), de escolares matriculados no ensino fundamental. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 124 adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, matriculados no ensino fundamental II, com idades entre 11 e 14 anos. Todos os estudantes responderam ao Questionário de Caracterização dos Participantes e ao SDQ-Por e seus pais ou responsáveis, ao Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil - CCEB. A análise do desempenho escolar foi determinada pela média aritmética simples das notas finais obtidas pelos estudantes. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram viabilizados por meio do formulário on-line, Google Forms. Foram realizadas as análises descritiva e bivariada dos dados. Resultados A maioria dos participantes apresentou resultados adequados, em relação à análise do escore total do SDQ, que se refere às dificuldades, e à análise do comportamento pró- social. Quanto ao desempenho escolar, verificou-se que grande parte dos estudantes apresentou resultado muito bom ou excelente e que houve associação com a idade, o gênero e o ano escolar. Conclusão Os estudantes do gênero feminino, de 11 anos de idade, apresentaram melhor desempenho e os adolescentes com maiores dificuldades de comportamento estavam na categoria mais baixa de classificação do desempenho escolar.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the association between school performance, age, gender, economic classification and social behaviors – strengths and difficulties – according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ-Por, of students enrolled in junior high school. Methods The sample consisted of 124 adolescents of both genders, enrolled in junior high school, aged between 11 and 14 years of age. All students answered the Participant Characterization Questionnaire and the – SDQ-Por questionnaire and their parents or guardians answered the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB). The school performance analysis was determined by simple arithmetic average of the final grades obtained by the students. The instruments used for data collection in this study were available through online forms in Google Forms. Descriptive and bivariate data analyzes were performed. Results Most participants presented adequate results regarding the analysis of the total SDQ score, which refers to the difficulties and the analysis of pro-social behavior. Regarding school performance, most of the participants presented very good or excellent results as well as an association with age, gender and school year of the students. Conclusion Female students, 11 years old, performed better and adolescents with larger behavioral difficulties were in the lowest category in the school performance classification.

ABSTRACT Puppets as a teaching tool provide teachers with one of the most economical aids in the classroom. The benefits of puppets are many. They allow children to escape to an imaginary world. They can use puppets to solve their own emotional problems. They can be used throughout the curriculum in projects and crafts. Children learn to cooperate when they work in a small group to produce their own puppet game. There are many opportunities to sequence, organize, verbalize, classify information and gain self-confidence. The main objectives of the extensive research on which this article is based were to investigate the effects of mediation with a puppet on: (a) the teaching strategies of teachers; (b) children's motivation in learning and; (c) literacy achievements among children in kindergarten (d) to assess the usefulness of the puppet as a mediation tool from the teachers' perspective. In addition to the theoretical aspects, this research has an applicable contribution for educators as an alternative way to enhance their mediation and strengthen their sense of competence and inclusion in teaching. The integration of a puppet into the work of the kindergarten teacher can help connect with children, encourage their verbal expression, decrease their feelings of stress and anxiety and create a sense of pleasure and fun.

RESUMEN Los títeres como herramienta de enseñanza brindan a los maestros una de las ayudas más económicas en el aula. Los beneficios de los títeres son muchos. Permiten a los niños escapar a un mundo imaginario. Pueden usar marionetas para resolver sus propios problemas emocionales. Se pueden utilizar en todo el plan de estudios en proyectos y manualidades. Los niños aprenden a cooperar cuando trabajan en un grupo pequeño para producir su propio juego de títeres. Hay muchas oportunidades para secuenciar, organizar, verbalizar, clasificar información y ganar confianza en sí mismo. Los objetivos principales de la amplia investigación en la que se basa este artículo fueron investigar los efectos de la mediación con un títere sobre: (a) las estrategias de enseñanza de los docentes; (b) la motivación de los niños en el aprendizaje y; (c) logros de alfabetización entre los niños en el jardín de infantes (d) para evaluar la utilidad del títere como herramienta de mediación desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Además de los aspectos teóricos, esta investigación tiene una contribución aplicable para los educadores como una forma alternativa de potenciar su mediación y fortalecer su sentido de competencia e inclusión en la enseñanza. La integración de un títere en el trabajo de la maestra de jardín de infantes puede ayudar a conectarse con los niños, alentar su expresión verbal, disminuir sus sentimientos de estrés y ansiedad y crear una sensación de placer y diversión.

Abstract Objective: Determining hospital admissions prevalence associated with problems related to medicines in the emergency services of high complexity hospital; performing the pertinent pharmaceutical interventions. Method: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study. The medical records of the patients admitted to the emergency services were reviewed. Those that reported hospitalization due to problems related to medication were selected. These were classified according to the Third Consensus of Granada adaptation. A pharmatherapeutic profile was made to hospitalized patients; performing the necessary pharmaceutical interventions to avoid future medication related problems. Results: 3.8% of patients were included in the study. The problems related to medications had a preventability of 87.7% and the most frequent were those of need with 42.2%. A pharmatherapeutic profile was done to hospitalized patients (137). 150 pharmaceutical interventions were done, which had an acceptance of 95.3%. The most intervened risk was administering an unnecessary medication 62.7%. Conclusions: Lack of supervision and analysis of problems related to medication could cause therapeutic approach failure, therefore, health and life quality improvement of the patients is not achieve. The pharmaceutical chemist plays a fundamental role in the health care of patients, helping to the prevention and proper use of medicines. The Pharmaceutical Care program proves that it provides an invaluable contribution to public health service by improving the pharmacological safety of treatments, reducing costs and public health problems.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ingresos hospitalarios asociados a problemas relacionados con medicamentos en los servicios de urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad, realizando las intervenciones farmacéuticas pertinentes. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron en los servicios de urgencias, seleccionando aquellas que reportaban ingresos por problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Estas se clasificaron según la adaptación del Tercer Consenso de Granada. Se realizó un perfil farmacoterapéutico a los pacientes hospitalizados y se establecieron las intervenciones farmacéuticas necesarias para evitar futuros problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Resultados: El 3,8% de los pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los problemas relacionados con medicamentos tuvieron una evitabilidad del 87,7% y los más frecuentes fueron los de necesidad, con un 42,2%. Se realizó un perfil farmacoterapéutico a los pacientes hospitalizados (137) y se llevaron a cabo 150 intervenciones farmacéuticas, las cuales fueron aceptadas en un 95,3%. El riesgo más intervenido fue administrar un medicamento innecesario (62,7%). Conclusiones: La falta de supervisión y análisis de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos podría ocasionar el fracaso del abordaje terapéutico y la no consecución de la mejoría de la salud y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El químico farmacéutico cumple un papel fundamental en el cuidado de la salud de los pacientes, ayudando desde la prevención y el uso adecuado de los medicamentos. El programa de Atención Farmacéutica demuestra que brinda un aporte inestimable al servicio de la salud pública al mejorar la farmacoseguridad de los tratamientos, disminuyendo costes y problemas de salud pública.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the physical and chemical recovery of the substrates of waste dumps of different ages undergoing natural regeneration, in a calcary mining in Salto de Pirapora - SP, Brazil. Characterization of the vegetation, vegetation and physical and chemical cover of the substrates of the abandoned waste dumps since 1994 and 2013 and the soil of a native forest fragment adjacent to the mining was carried out. Twelve plots of 10x10m were allocated in each environment. It was verified that the soil cover rate with herbaceous, grassy, regenerating and litter of the sterile stacks are similar to the native forest fragment. The same was observed for the physical characterization of soil resistance to penetration, soil moisture content and relative light index. For the chemical characteristics, in all areas sampled there is aluminum deficiency which, consequently, presented low potential acidity and alkaline pH. The CEC of the substrates of the waste dumps presented values similar to the CEC of the native forest fragment, with abundance in some essential nutrients, indicating the possibility of vegetation development in the sterile stacks and the contribution of the natural regeneration to the substrates. Thus, the plant-soil relationship via natural regeneration in the sterile piles contributed to the improvement of the edaphic quality of the substrates over time, being a potential form of recovery in calcary mining. Thereby, the Fabaceae predominated on the waste dumps, especially Leucaena leucocephala, which, despite being an exotic species, is relevant for the current recovery stage of the substrates.

The waste resulting from marble extraction process is usually disposed of in landfills or dumps and its accumulation is causing serious environmental and landscaping problems. One way of reusing marble waste is to consider its incorporation in structural concrete as a non-primary aggregate. This research work attempts to alleviate the situation and provide information on the mechanical performance of concrete as a function of the replacement ratio of primary aggregates (PA) with coarse waste marble aggregates (CMA). Three concrete families, including reference concrete (RC) mixes, were studied that were made with primary aggregates of basalt (BCA), limestone (LCA) and granite (GCA) (these are the main sources of primary aggregates in the southern and central parts of Portugal), and concrete mixes with replacement ratios of 20%, 50% and 100% of PA by CMA. To evaluate their quality and mechanical performance mixes were tested for: slump (in the Abrams cone test), specific density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity and resistance to abrasion. The results suggest a tendency for the values of all mechanical properties to decline. However, this tendency is clearly weaker than those observed for the majority of the research involving other types of non-primary recycled aggregates, which are already used in certain proportions in structural concrete, according to the limits imposed by the standards and specifications. The mechanical properties of concrete made with CMA were assessed within the scope of concurrent work also undertaken at Instituto Superior Técnico (Lisbon, Portugal), concerning the durability-related materials of the same type of concrete.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a complex disease influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. While Madeira has the highest prevalence of asthma in Portugal (14.6%), the effect of both genetic and environmental factors in this population has never been assessed. We categorized 98 asthma patients according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, established their sensitization profile, and measured their forced expiratory volume in 1second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) indexes. Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed as potential markers for asthma susceptibility and severity in the interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33), gasdermin-like (GSDML) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes comparatively to a population reference set. RESULTS: Although mites are the major source of allergic sensitization, no significant difference was found amongst asthma severity categories. IL4-590*CT/TT and IL4-RP2*253183/183183 were found to predict the risk (2-fold) and severity (3 to 4-fold) of asthma and were associated with a lower FEV1 index. ADRB2-c.16*AG is a risk factor (3.5-fold), while genotype GSDML-236*TT was protective (4-fold) for moderate-severe asthma. ADAM33-V4*C was associated to asthma and mild asthma by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Finally, ADAM33-V4*CC and STAT6-21*TT were associated with higher sensitization (mean wheal size ≥10mm) to house dust (1.4-fold) and storage mite (7.8-fold). CONCLUSION: In Madeira, IL4-590C/T, IL4-RP2 253/183, GSDML-236C/T and ADAM33-V4C/G SNPs are important risk factors for asthma susceptibility and severity, with implications for asthma healthcare management.

Colocados em segundo plano das agendas da inovação durante muitos anos, os sectores tradicionais têm despertado interesse crescente, quer porque estes sectores continuam a ter uma expressão significativa nas economias dos países desenvolvidos, quer porque alguns estudos empíricos têm demonstrado que empresas a actuar em sectores tradicionais são bastante inovadoras, mesmo quando os seus investimentos em investigação e desenvolvimento são praticamente nulos. Ainda assim, estudos empíricos sobre inovação em sectores tradicionais são até agora bastante escassos. O presente artigo descreve um estudo de caso sobre inovação de uma empresa hortofrutícola em Portugal. O estudo foca-se nos obstáculos e oportunidades que certas mudanças institucionais, culturais e tecnológicas ocorridas no país desde 1986 criaram para o sector hortofrutícola português. O caso descreve o processo pelo qual uma empresa de um sector tecnologicamente maduro é capaz de comercializar um produto baseado numa tecnologia emergente, ilustrando em detalhe a evolução do complexo processo de inovação em ambiente de "vida-real".

Overlooked by the agendas of innovation studies for many years, mature sectors have attracted increasing interest. This interest has arisen either because these sectors continue to hold a significant weight in the economies of developed countries, or because some empirical studies have shown that companies operating in traditional sectors can be quite innovative, even when their investments in research and development are close to zero. Yet, studies of innovation in mature sectors are still quite scarce, particularly in Portugal. This article describes a case study of a Portuguese innovative horticultural company. The study focuses on the obstacles and opportunities that certain institutional, cultural and technological changes, which have been taking place in Portugal since 1986, have created for the Portuguese horticultural sector. The case describes the process by which an enterprise of a technologically mature industry is able to market a product based on an emerging technology, illustrating in detail the evolution of the complex process of innovation in a "real-life" setting.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de coberturas à base de concentrado protéico de soro de leite (CPSL), associadas a dois tipos de plastificantes (glicerol e sorbitol), em laranja 'Pêra'. As frutas foram lavadas e higienizadas de acordo com os padrões comerciais e submetidas à aplicação das coberturas. As coberturas à base de CPSL não foram eficientes na redução da perda de massa fresca da laranja 'Pera', independentemente do plastificante utilizado. Depois de 11 dias de armazenagem, as laranjas cobertas com solução filmogênica de 6% de proteína e 6% de glicerol, e laranjas cobertas com solução de 4% de proteína e 8% de sorbitol perderam menos massa, quando comparadas às outras combinações de proteína e plastificante. As coberturas não interferiram nas características físico-químicas das laranjas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of whey protein coating plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol in 'Pêra' oranges. Fruits were washed and sanitized, according to trade pattern, and then coated. Whey protein coatings was not effective in avoiding oranges weight reduction, independently of plasticizing. After 11 days of storage, the oranges coated with 6% protein and 6% glycerol, and with 4% protein and 8% sorbitol, lost less weight than other treatments. Coating did not modify physico-chemical characteristics of the oranges.