El cadmio es un metal pesado presente en desechos mineros y otros, y tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud humana especialmente en el riñón en el que destruye células tubulares. En una investigación de la calidad del lecho de los ríos que reciben aguas residuales en el norte de Potosí, Bolivia, se reportó presencia de cadmio en papas regadas con esa agua en Quila-quila, una población rural de la zona. Objetivo: de este trabajo fue el de identificar posibles daños del cadmio en la salud de los pobladores de Quila-quila. Métodos: para ello se realizó revisión clínica y análisis laboratorial clínico y químico de sangre y orina de los pobladores de Quila-quila, y se calculó la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y se correlacionó ésta con indicadores de lesión glomerular. Resultados: se encontraron niveles elevados de cadmio en sangre en algunas personas, y una correlación de la TFG con la concentración de cadmio en sangre y con indicadores de lesión de membrana glomerular. Conclusiones: en conclusión, los pobladores de Quila-quila estuvieron contaminados por cadmio, el cual produjo lesión renal leve.

Cadmium is a heavy metal present in mining and other wastes, and has deleterious effects on human health especially in the kidney in which it destroys tubular cells. In an investigation of the quality of the river beds that receive wastewater in the north of Potosí, Bolivia, the presence of cadmium was reported in potatoes watered with these water in Quila-quila, a rural town in the area. objective : of this work was to identify possible damage from cadmium to the health of the inhabitants of Quila-quila. Methods: for this, clinical review and clinical and chemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine from the inhabitants of Quila-quila, and the filtration rate was calculated glomerular (GFR) and this was correlated with indicators of glomerular injury. Results: elevated levels of cadmium were found in the blood in some people, and a correlation of GFR with blood cadmium concentration and indicators of membrane injury glomerular. Conclusion: in conclusion, the inhabitants of Quila-quila were contaminated by cadmium, which caused mild kidney damage.

En este estudio se evalúa la viabilidad ambiental en la utilización de dos residuos de catalizador de craqueo catalítico procedentes de fuentes diferentes (Colombia y España), como sustitución parcial del cemento Portland, para la fabricación de materiales de construcción. Inicialmente se realizó la caracterización de los materiales analizando la composición química, la distribución del tamaño de partícula y la morfología. Posteriormente, para determinar las características tóxicas de lixiviación, se aplicaron las técnicas de SPLP (Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure) y NEN 7341 de la normativa holandesa, en morteros sustituidos con un 20% de FCC con respecto a la cantidad de cemento. Los resultados indican que las concentraciones de los metales pesados lixiviados son muy bajas comparadas con lo establecido por la legislación ambiental. Debido a esto, se considera que el residuo en las proporciones estudiadas no constituye un problema ambiental, proponiéndose como un material alternativo para el sector de la construcción.

This study evaluates the environmental viability to use two residues of the catalytic cracking catalyst from different sources (Colombian and Spain), as partial replacement of Portland cement in the manufacture of building materials. Chemical composition, particle size distribution and morphology of the wastes were determined. Leaching of toxic characteristics were evaluated by applying techniques SPLP (Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure) and NEN 7341 from Dutch regulations in mortars blended with 20% FCC relative to the amount of cement. The results indicate that the concentrations of the leached heavy metals are very low compared with that established by environmental legislation. Because of this, it is considered that the residue in the proportions tested not constitute an environmental problem, proposing as an alternative material for the construction industry.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional de alguns produtos de carne elaborados no nordeste da Argentina, a análise da composição dos ácidos graxos, conteúdo de CLA, relações AGPI/AGS e n-6/n-3. Trinta produtos tradicionais de carne a partir de processos diferentes foram utilizados. As amostras foram classificadas em 4 categorias: Salamin (embutido seco e fermentado), chorizo (linguiça), chorizo ahumado (linguiça defumada) e morcilla (morcilha preta). A partir dos resultados obtidos, por comparação com bancos de dados de outras regiões da Argentina, EUA e Espanha, observa-se que o conteúdo de hidratos de carbono do Salamin foi ligeiramente inferior; a gordura do chorizo fresco foi significativamente menor; e a proteína do chorizo ahumado foi significativamente maior. Com exceção do chorizo, que teve um valor menor, de 0,4, as relações AGPI/AGS-esteárico do resto dos produtos foram um pouco superiores às reportadas por outros pesquisadores. Conteúdos de 0,03% a 0,19% de CLA foram detectados. Os resultados sugerem que o Salamin feito no Estado do Chaco, localizado no nordeste da Argentina, por seu maior conteúdo de proteínas e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e menores índices de aterogênico e trombogênico, é um produto mais saudável que os produtos equivalentes de outros países do mundo.

The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition (moisture, protein, carbohydrates, and total fat) of some meat products produced in the northeastern Argentina, analyzing fatty acids composition, polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio PUFA/SFA ratio (polyunsaturated/ saturated fatty acids), n-6/n-3 ratio, and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) content. Thirty traditional meat products produced by different processes were used. The samples were classified into 4 different categories as follows: salamín (dry cured and fermented sausage), chorizos (raw sausage), chorizo ahumado (cooked and smoked sausage), and morcilla (cooked sausage). From the results obtained it can be said that the total carbohydrate contents of the salamín studied were slightly lower; fat content of raw chorizo was significantly lower, and protein content of chorizo ahumado was significantly higher than those comparison from databases from other regions of Argentina, USA, and Spain. Except for chorizo, which has a value lower than 0.4, the PUFA/SFA-stearic ratio of the other products were a little higher than those reported by other researchers. CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid) contents between 0.03% and 0.19% were detected. The results obtained indicate that salamín produced in northeastern Argentina, Chaco state, shows high protein and PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) contents, and low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, which makes it a more healthful product than those of similar composition produced in other countries.