Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin C (VC) on the stability of stored liposomes under different climatic conditions. Liposomal formulations containing 1 mg/mL of VC (LIP-VC) and blank formulations (LIP-B) were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method. After preparation, they were characterized according to their refractive index, average vesicle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, content, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), morphology, stability and antioxidant activity. For stability, LIP-VC and LIP-B were stored in different climatic conditions (4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C) for 30 days. The LIP-VC presented 1.3365 refractive index, 161 nm of mean diameter, 0.231 PDI, -7.3 mV zeta potential, 3.2 pH, 19.4% EE%, spherical morphology, 1 mg/mL of VC content, and antioxidant activity of 12 and 11.4 μmol of TE/mL for the radical DPPH and ABTS+, respectively. During stability, the LIP-B stored in 40 °C showed an instability in the parameters: PDI, vesicle size and zeta potential after 15 days, while the LIP-VC remained stable in its size and PDI for 30 days. After that, it is shown that VC can be used as an antioxidant and stabilizer in liposomes to increase the stability and shelf-life of vesicles.

RESUMO: A maionese é um dos molhos mais consumidos no mundo e o feijão apresenta ótimas propriedades funcionais tecnológicas. Com isso, o feijão pode ser usado na produção de maionese como substituto parcial da gema de ovo diminuindo o teor de colesterol, perdas pós colheita e agregando valor nutricional a maionese. Este estudo avaliou o efeito da substituição parcial da gema de ovo pela farinha de feijão crioulo (FFC) sobre os parâmetros de reologia, composição química e fisica da maionese. Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de maionese: T1 (Padrão), 100% de gema de ovo (GO); T2, 75% GO e 25% FFC; T3, 50% GO e 50% FFC; T4, 25% GO e 75% FFC. A substituição parcial da GO pela FFC aumentou o teor proteíco, diminuiu o conteúdo de lipídios e colesterol. A maionese obtida continuou exibindo comportamento pseudoplástico, sendo uma característica do fluido não newtoniano. A atividade de água das maioneses não foi alterada com a substituição parcial da gema de ovo e o pH diminuiu ao longo do armazenamento. A substituição da GO pode ser realizada em quantidades de até 50% sem prejuízo das maioneses, a formulação com 50% de substituição apresentou a melhor viscosidade e se manteve estável, semelhante à maionese padrão.

ABSTRACT: Mayonnaise is one of the most consumed sauces in the world and beans have great technological functional properties. As a result, beans can be used in the production of mayonnaise as a partial substitute for egg yolk (EY), reducing cholesterol content, post-harvest losses and adding nutritional value to mayonnaise. This study evaluated the effect of the partial replacement of EY by landrace common bean flour (LCBF) on the parameters of rheology, chemical and physical composition of mayonnaise. Four mayonnaise formulations were developed: T1 (Standard), 100% egg yolk (EY); T2, 75% EY and 25% FFC; T3, 50% EY and 50% LCBF; T4, 25% EY and 75% LCBF. The partial substitution of EY for LCBF increased the protein content, decreased the content of lipids and cholesterol. The obtained mayonnaise continued to exhibit pseudoplastic behaviour, being a characteristic of non-Newtonian fluid. The water activity of the mayonnaise was not changed with the replacement of the partial of the egg yolk and the pH decreased during the storage. The substitution of EY can be carried out in quantities of up to 50% without prejudice to mayonnaise, the formulation with 50% substitution presented the best viscosity and remained stable, similar to the standard mayonnaise.

Abstract This study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted palm oil-in-water nanoemulsions. The influence of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), oil and surfactants concentrations, ultrasound intensity and processing time were investigated by means of two experimental designs. Desirability profiles were applied to detect the optimal conditions for preparing the nanoemulsion. Stable nanoemulsions with small droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) were obtained at an HLB of 6.5, oil and surfactant concentrations of 2.8 wt%, ultrasound intensity of 200 W.cm-2 and processing time of 15 minutes. The nanoemulsion presented stability for 30 days at three different temperatures (4°C, 25°C and 40°C), which makes it suitable for application in the food and cosmetic industries. Ultrasound was shown to be a promising technology to produce nanoemulsions containing palm oil.

El uso de feromonas es una alternativa promisora en el manejo y el control de plagas. Recientemente, la incorporación y eliminación de ingredientes activos de las nanofibras han despertado el interés para objetivos agrícolas debido a su elevada área en comparación a la superficie de proporción de volumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue producir nanofibras incorporando la feromona sexual sintética de la mariposa oriental Grapholita molesta (OFM) utilizando diferentes polímeros. Las nanofibras con feromona producidas por la técnica de electrohilado fueran evaluadas por: i) distribución homogénea de feromona de OFM en nanofibras por testes de electroantenografía (EAG); ii) dosis-respuestas de machos de OFM a nanofibras de acetato de celulosa; iii) respuestas EAG de machos de OFM a diferentes nanofibras de polímeros expuestos a condiciones controladas por hasta 5 semanas; iv) atracción de G. molesta a nanofibras conteniendo feromona sintética en condiciones de campo; v) cualificación de feromonas incorporadas de nanofibras de PCL y PVAc por cromatografía de gas y; vi) su morfología utilizando microscopio electrónico de exploración. Los mejores resultados de campo fueron conseguidos en fibras más blandas con mayor impregnación. Diferentes vehículos de nanofibras incorporando feromona fueron analizadas que consiguieron eliminación controlada de feromona hasta tres semanas, en nano y micro escalas. El polímero, solvente y dosis incorporadas en las nanofibras son importantes para la liberación controlada. Entender estos factores es importante para desarrollar mejores distribuidores de feromonas.

The use of pheromones is a promising alternative in insect management and control. Recently, the incorporation and release of active ingredients from nanofibers has been of interest for agricultural purposes due to their higher surface area to volume ratios. The objective of this study was to produce nanofibers incorporating synthetic sex pheromones from the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (OFM), using different polymers. The nanofibers with pheromones were produced by electrospinning and were evaluated for: i) homogeneous distribution of OFM pheromone in nanofibers by electroantennography (EAG) tests; ii) dose-responses of OFM males to acetate cellulose nanofibers; iii) EAG responses of OFM males to different polymer nanofibers exposed under controled conditions for up to 5 weeks; iv) attractiveness of G. molesta to nanofibers containing synthetic OFM in field conditions; v) quantification of incorporated pheromone in PCL and PVAc nanofibers using gas chromatography and vi) morphology using scanning electron microscopy. The best field results were achieved in smoother fibers with higher impregnation. Pheromone incorporating nanofiber vehicles were tested that achieved the controlled release of the pheromone for up to three weeks in nanoscale and microscale. The polymer, solvent, and dosage incorporated in the nanofibers were important for controlled delivery. Understanding these factors is important for the development of better pheromone dispensers.

Adapalene is a retinoid drug often used for disorders of the skin, mainly acne. In this work, an analytical method for the quantification of adapaleno in suspensions of nanocapsules by HPLC was developed and validated. The method was linear in the range of 10-30 µg mL-1, with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.994). Precision and accuracy analysis showed low relative standard deviation (< 4.6%) and a good recovery percentual (98.2-106.9%). The procedure was specific, linear, precise, exact and robust so that the method can be applied in quantification of adapalene in suspensions of nanocapsules.