RESUMO Objetivo: Contribuir para a avaliação dos parâmetros normais da espessura médio-intimal carotídea (EMIC) em adolescentes saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado por meio de avaliações clínicas, laboratoriais e ultrassonográficas em 61 adolescentes saudáveis. O critério de inclusão foi ter boa saúde. Os critérios de exclusão foram: presença ou histórico de doença crônica; obesidade ou sobrepeso segundo os parâmetros estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS); uso contínuo de medicação; e quadro febril ou que necessitasse de uso de medicação nas 48 horas anteriores à avaliação. Os estágios puberais foram avaliados pela escala de Tanner. As ultrassonografias em modo B de alta resolução foram realizadas seguindo as recomendações do Consensus Statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force (Declaração de Consenso da Força Tarefa da Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia sobre Espessura Médio-Intimal Carotídea). Resultados: Os adolescentes tinham 14±2,6 anos, 62,3% eram do sexo feminino, 19 (31%) estavam em estágios iniciais da puberdade (2 e 3) e 38 (62%) em estágios avançados (4 e 5) de acordo com a escala de Tanner. Todos apresentavam parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais normais. Os valores da EMIC variaram de 0,46±0,04 a 0,55±0,04 mm do lado direito e 0,48±0,02 a 0,53±0,04 mm do lado esquerdo, conforme a maturação puberal. Houve aumento significativo nos valores da EMIC em ambos os lados de acordo com o estágio puberal (p<0,001 e p=0,016) e os diâmetros internos máximos da artéria carótida comum (p<0,025 e p<0,003). A EMIC foi maior em participantes do sexo masculino em relação ao feminino. Conclusões: O aumento da EMIC em adolescentes saudáveis, conforme a idade e o grau de maturação puberal, deve ser levado em consideração nas avaliações diagnósticas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To contribute to the assessment of normal parameters of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in healthy adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through clinical, laboratory and ultrasound evaluation in 61 healthy adolescents. The inclusion criteria consisted of being in good health. The exclusion criteria were: presence or history of any chronic disease; being obese or overweight according to the World Health Organization (WHO) established criterion; continuous use of medication; or presenting a febrile condition or requiring medication within 48-hours prior to assessment. The pubertal stages were evaluated using the Tanner criteria. The high-resolution B-mode ultrasound examinations were performed according to the recommendations of the Consensus Statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Results: Adolescents were 14±2.6 years old, 62.3% female, 19 (31%) at early puberty (Tanner II and III), and 38 (62%) at late puberty (Tanner IV and V). They presented normal clinical and laboratorial parameters. CIMT values were 0.46±0.04 to 0.55±0.04 mm on the right and 0.48±0.02 to 0.53±0.04 mm on the left, according to pubertal maturation. CIMT values increased significantly on the right and left sides, according to pubertal stage (p<0.001 and p=0.016), and maximum internal diameters of the common carotid artery (p<0.025 and p<0.003). It was higher in males compared to females. Conclusions: An increase in CIMT in the healthy adolescents group, according to both age, and the degree of pubertal maturation should be considered when evaluating adolescents in diagnostic procedures.

ABSTRACT Objective Increased arterial intima-media thickness has been observed in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). CAH has also been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The aim of the present study was to compare youths with CAH with healthy, normal-weight individuals, evaluating carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and indicative factors of cardiovascular risk to seek for abnormalities in the CAH group. Subjects and methods Clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic evaluations, according to published criteria, were performed in 113 subjects (5 to 20 years old): 40 patients with 21-OHD and 73 healthy individuals matched for gender, pubertal status, and age. Results Most CAH patients were female (80%), salt-losers (72.5%), and pubescent (80%); 10 (25%) patients were overweight. An increase in CIMT was observed both on the right (p = 0.0240) and left (p = 0.0003) sides in 38 CAH patients compared with the healthy individuals. The body mass index, BMI/age Z score, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were higher in patients compared with controls (p < 0.000 and p = 0.0219, respectively). Conclusions Findings of increased CIMT, BMI, and SBP in young patients with 21-OHD indicate the need for early identification and intervention regarding cardiovascular risk. Validating these findings might result in improved therapeutic approaches for children with 21-OHD in the future. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(6):541-7

Com o objetivo de conhecer a estatura final de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 (DM1) e possíveis fatores intervenientes sobre o crescimento foram avaliados 72 pacientes, diagnosticados na infância ou início da adolescência. O grupo foi acompanhado no Serviço de Endocrinologia do HC/UFMG. A idade média (±DP) era 21,2±3,2 anos e o tempo de doença 11,9±5,7 anos. A estatura final foi 159,5±8,1cm (escore z= -1,23±1,05), sendo 156,7±6,0cm para o sexo feminino (n= 53) e 167,5±8,2cm para o sexo masculino (n= 19). O escore z foi -1,16±0,99 para o sexo feminino e -1,42±1,25 para o masculino. A estatura final dos pacientes comparada à curva de referência do NCHS mostrou que 88,9% deles se apresentavam, anormalmente, com estatura abaixo da média. Houve, também, redução de 0,5 escore z na estatura final (-1,08±1,23) em relação à estatura do ano de diagnóstico (-0,53±0,77), num subgrupo de 23 pacientes (p= 0,01). Em outro subgrupo (n= 22), 15 apresentavam mau controle metabólico com hemoglobina glicosilada de 13,1±1,0% e sete, controle satisfatório, com hemoglobina glicosilada de 10±0,8%. Houve comprometimento da estatura final desse primeiro grupo (mau controle) em relação ao segundo (escore z= -1,83±0,78 vs. -0,83±1,07; p= 0,02). Concluímos que nossos resultados são compatíveis com prejuízo na estatura final dos pacientes diabéticos avaliados em relação à população geral e parecem estar, também, relacionados ao controle metabólico ruim.

The final height of 72 patients with DM1 followed in the Endocrine Service at Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais was evaluated. DM1 began before puberty was completed. Mean age was 21.2±3.2 years and they had 11.9±5.7 years of disease. Mean final height of the group was 159.5±8.1cm (z score= -1.23±1.05), 156.7± 6.0cm for female (n= 53) and 167.5±8.2cm for male (n= 19). The z scores were -1.16±0.99 for female and -1.42±1.25 for male. The comparison of patients final height curve with that from the NCHS shows that the stature of 88.9% of diabetics was abnormally below the mean reference. A reduction of 0.5 SD was observed in final height (-1.08±1.23) in relation to height at the year of diagnosis (-0.53±0.77) in a subset of 23 patients (p= 0.01). A group with poor metabolic control (n= 15; glycosylated hemoglobin of 13.1±1.0%) showed impaired final height results (z score= -1.83±0.78 vs. -0.83±1.07; p= 0.02) when compared to the better-controlled group (n= 7; glycosylated hemoglobin = 10±0.83%). We conclude that our results support the notion that DM1 has a detrimental effect on the final stature of these patients, which is also related to the status of metabolic control.