Abstract Aims: To analyze the effects of physical therapy procedures in reducing acute pain in runners. A second aim was to investigate the impact of weather conditions on the number of physical therapy visits during the Ultramarathon Rio24 h. Methods: This retrospective study was performed at the Physical Education Center Admiral Adalberto Nunes (CEFAN). Medical records were analyzed. The participants were athletes that were attended by the Physical therapy team during three editions of the Ultramarathon Rio24 h. The variation in the Visual Analog Scale score (VAS) before and after each treatment were analyzed. After the evaluation procedure, another professional had decided the best procedure for the assessed athlete: massotherapy, cryotherapy by immersion, or stretching. An ANOVA was performed to assess which procedures produce pain reduction immediately after the procedure. Results: A total of 1,995 care services (228 in women) were performed in 602 athletes (84 women). Analyzing the treatments that used only one modality (n = 512 visits), the final pain decreased significantly over the initial pain for the three treatments. It was verified that massotherapy, cryotherapy, and stretching promote significant intragroup differences, with no intergroup differences. The environmental conditions were not associated with the number of visits. Conclusion: Massotherapy, cryotherapy, and stretching are effective treatments for acute pain reduction during ultramarathons. The weather conditions are not associated with the number of physical therapy visits.

RESUMO: Diante das palavras docência, currículo e escola hoje, o verbo resistir soa como premissa incontornável às possibilidades de formas sociais mais justas, democráticas e solidárias. Partindo de resultados de pesquisas quanto à produção dos currículos e à formação docente, buscamos, através de narrativas docentes, mapear movimentos de resistência do público e do comum em práticas cotidianas. Argumentamos que as formas de resistência não se produzem, necessariamente, como respostas às lógicas hegemônicas e às pautas de redução da vida aos interesses econômicos. Resistir, no diálogo que estabelecemos com autores do campo da filosofia, das novas epistemologias e dos estudos do cotidiano, implica na produção comum e cotidiana das formas de existir.

ABSTRACT: Faced nowadays with the words teaching, curriculum and school, the verb to resist sounds like an inescapable premise to the possibilities of fairer, more solidary and democratic social forms. Based on results from researches on the production of curricula and teachers training, we seek, through teacher narratives, to map resistance movements of the public and the common in everyday practices. We argue that forms of resistance do not necessarily arise as responses to hegemonic logics and to agendas that reduce life to economic interests. To resist, in the dialogue that we establish with authors from the field of philosophy, of the new epistemologies and of the studies of everyday life, implies in the ordinary and everyday production of the forms of existence.

ABSTRACT Myracrodruon urundeuva is a plant native to Brazil, which is used by the indigenous population for the treatment of candidiasis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antifungal activity of extract against human vaginal Candida species and evaluate the possible toxicological activities of M. urundeuva. Initially, ethanol extracts, ethyl acetate fractions, and hydroalcoholic fractions of the bark and leaf of M. urundeuva were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The extracts that showed antifungal activity were characterized by liquid chromatography and subjected to toxicity assessment. Toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic testing were performed using Allium cepa and Ames assays with the ethanol extracts of the bark and leaves. Hemolytic activity was evaluated in erythrocytes and acute toxicity in rats. The ethanol bark extracts showed best activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis ATCC (4-512 µg/mL). Chemical characterization indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extracts. Hemolytic activity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity were not observed. The results of the Ames and A. cepa tests were also in agreement, ethanol bark extracts and ethanol leaf extracts of M. urundeuva showed absence of mutagenic activity. Similar results were observed in the A. cepa assay and acute toxicity test in rats. M. urundeuva bark extracts showed potential for the treatment of vaginal infections caused Candida species, as a topical.

RESUMOObjetivo:avaliar a incidência de desfechos desfavoráveis, em pacientes operados por trauma vascular, e sua relação com a distância entre o local do acidente e o hospital onde o paciente recebeu o tratamento definitivo. Métodos:estudo descritivo e retrospectivo. Dados coletados nos prontuários de pacientes operados por lesões vasculares, entre fevereiro de 2011 e fevereiro de 2013, no único hospital de trauma com atendimento especializado em cirurgia vascular em uma vasta área da Amazônia. Foram analisados data do trauma, sexo, idade, mecanismo e topografia da lesão, tratamento cirúrgico, reintervenção, período de internação, complicações, amputação e mortalidade. A incidência de desfechos desfavoráveis foi avaliada de acordo com a distância entre a cidade onde ocorreu a lesão vascular eo hospital. Resultados: foram estudados 173 pacientes, com 255 lesões; 95,95% do sexo masculino (p<0,05), média de idade de 28,92 anos; 47,4% das lesões por projéteis de arma de fogo (p<0,05); distribuição topográfica: 45,66% (p<0,05) nos vasos dos membros inferiores, 37,57% nos membros superiores, 6,94% de lesões abdominais, 5,2% torácicas e 4,62% lesões do pescoço; 51,42% tiveram hospitalização por sete dias ou menos (p<0,05); amputação foi necessária em 15,6% e a mortalidade 6,36%.Conclusão:distâncias superiores a 200km foram associadas à internação prolongada; distâncias superiores a 300km foram associadas à maior probabilidade de amputação de membros; traumatismos vasculares graves estiveram associados a uma maior probabilidade de óbito quando os pacientes precisaram ser transportados por mais de 200km para o tratamento cirúrgico.

ABSTRACTObjective:to evaluate the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in vascular trauma patients and their possible correlation to the distance between the city where the injury was sustained and the hospital where the patient received definitive treatment.Methods:descriptive and retrospective study. Data were collected from medical records of patients submitted to surgical procedures for arterial or venous injuries from February 2011 to February 2013 at the only trauma center providing vascular surgery in a vast area of the Amazon region. Trauma date, patient gender and age, mechanism and anatomic topography of injury, surgical management, need for surgical re-intervention, hospitalization period, postoperative complications, mortality and limb amputation rates were analyzed. The incidence of unfavorable outcomes was assessed according to the distance between the city where the vascular injury was sustained and the trauma center.Results: One hundred seventy-three patients with 255 vascular injuries were analyzed; 95.95% were male (p<0.05), mean age of 28.92 years; 47.4% were caused by firearm projectiles (p<0.05); topographic distribution: 45.66% lower limbs (p<0.05), 37.57% upper limbs, 6.94% abdominal, 5.2% thoracic and 4.62% were cervical vascular injuries; 51.42% of patients required hospitalization for seven days or less (p<0.05); limb amputation was necessary in 15.6% and the overall mortality was 6.36%.Conclusion:distances greater than 200Km were associated to longer hospitalization period; distances greater than 300Km were associated to increased limb amputation probability; severe vascular trauma have an increased death probability when patients need to travel more than 200Km for surgical treatment.

Observa-se, nos últimos anos, um importante crescimento do número de praticantes de corrida com proporcional aumento da adesão destes às provas de rua. Nesta população, a identificação dos determinantes do desempenho parece ser necessária para otimização do tempo dedicado ao treinamento. O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer a associação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) estimado, da velocidade crítica (VC) e da velocidade do VO2máx (V VO2máx), com os desempenhos nas provas de 3,6 km em subida e 10 e 21,1 km no plano. Doze corredores amadores (9 homens) com 36 ± 5 anos de idade foram submetidos a quatro testes: 1 e 5 km de corrida, no plano; 3,6 km de corrida, com inclinação (≈8%); e um teste para determinação indireta do VO2máx. A VC foi determinada através da relação linear entre a distância e o tempo de corrida dos dois primeiros testes. Os sujeitos participaram de duas provas oficiais de 10 km e 21,1 km. A V VO2máx foi estimada a partir do VO2máx, através de equações metabólicas. O VO2máx apresentou a melhor associação com o desempenho da corrida em 10 e 21,1 km no plano. Já na subida, a V VO2máx apresentou melhor associação. Considerando todas as provas, a variável com maior média associativa foi o VO2máx (0,91±0,07), seguido do V VO2máx (0,90±0,04) e VC (0,87±0,06), respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou elevadas associações entre variáveis fisiológicas estabelecidas por métodos indiretos, de baixo investimento e alta praticidade, com o desempenho da corrida em 10 e 21,1 km, no plano, e 3,6 km, em subida.

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of runners, with a proportional increase in their involvement in amateur street competition. Identification of the determinants of performance in this population appears necessary for optimization of time devoted to training. The objective of this study was to ascertain the association between estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), critical velocity (CV) and VO2max velocity (V VO2max) and athletic performance in the 3.6 km (uphill) and 10 and 21.1 km (flatland) events. Twelve amateur runners (nine male), mean age 36 ± 5 years underwent five tests: 1 and 5 km race on level ground, 3.6 km race with slope (≈8%), and indirect VO2max measurement. CV was determined from the linear relationship between distance and run time on the first two tests. The subjects then took part in two official 10 km and 21.1 km (half marathon) races. V VO2max was calculated from the VO2max through a metabolic equation. VO2max showed the best association with running performance in the 10 and 21.1 km events. For the uphill race, V VO2max showed a better association. Overall, the variable with the highest average association was VO2max (0.91±0.07), followed by V VO2max (0.90±0.04) and VC (0.87±0.06). This study showed strong associations between physiological variables established by low-cost, user-friendly indirect methods and running performance in the 10 and 21.1 km (flatland) and 3.6 km (uphill) running events.