Summary: In the current context of agroecological transition, the use of fermented fertilizers or biols has intensified. The objective of this study was to compare the nutrient concentration of two formulations of fermented fertilizers elaborated with local inputs. Handmade biodigesters were designed and sheep manure and Kikuyo grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) were used. Two formulations were generated: Biol 1 (20% kikuyo grass, 30% sheep manure and 50% water) and Biol 2 (50% sheep manure and 50% water), which were fermented for 100 days and there were three replicates of each formulation. In the biols the organic matter and the concentration of the macronutrients N, P and K, as well as the concentration of the micronutrients Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were determined. Biol 1 had a higher concentration of organic matter, N and Fe (P ≤ 0.05). It is concluded that the nutrient concentration of the biol was improved when the grass was added in the fermentation process. The use of local, low-cost and easily accessible inputs can be an alternative to produce biols.

Resumen: En el contexto actual de la transición agroecológica, se ha intensificado el uso de fertilizantes fermentados o bioles. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar la concentración nutrimental de dos formulaciones de fertilizantes fermentados elaborados con insumos locales. Se diseñaron biodigestores artesanales y se utilizó estiércol de ovino y pasto Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum). Se generaron dos formulaciones: Biol 1 (20% pasto kikuyo, 30% estiércol ovino y 50% agua) y Biol 2 (50% estiércol ovino y 50% agua), las cuales se fermentaron durante 100 días y se tuvieron tres repeticiones de cada formulación. En los bioles se determinó la materia orgánica y la concentración de los macronutrientes N, P y K, así como la concentración de los micronutrientes Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn. El Biol 1 tuvo mayor concentración de materia orgánica, N y Fe (P ≤ 0.05), es decir, se concluye que se mejoró la concentración nutrimental del biol cuando se agregó el pasto en el proceso de fermentación. El uso de insumos locales, de bajo costo y de fácil acceso puede ser una alternativa para producir bioles.

RESUMO Este artigo aborda a implementação e os resultados do Serviço Social em uma das maiores universidades do México, tomando como referência os objetivos de seu modelo educacional flexível e orientado para a formação integral dos estudantes. Tem como base uma pesquisa realizada por meio de entrevistas e questionários aplicados a funcionários e estudantes universitários, bem como análise documental e um quadro conceitual sobre a mudança curricular, os desafios da formação integral e a articulação entre a universidade e os diversos setores sociais. Argumenta-se que a localização do Serviço nos planos de estudos, juntamente com os desafios como a diversidade de perspectivas sobre seus objetivos e resultados, bem como a política institucional inconsistente, limitaram os objetivos desta experiência formativa tanto para os estudantes quanto para a universidade. México universitários curricular sociais Argumentase Argumenta se estudos inconsistente

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza los resultados del Servicio Social en una de las universidades más grandes de México, y toma como referencia los objetivos de su modelo educativo, el cual está orientado a la formación integral del estudiantado. El artículo se basa en un marco conceptual sobre el cambio curricular, la formación integral y la vinculación entre universidad y sociedad; también en el análisis de documentos institucionales y en entrevistas y cuestionarios aplicados al personal y a estudiantes. Se muestra que la ubicación del Servicio en los planes de estudio, la diversidad de perspectivas sobre sus metas y resultados, así como también una política institucional poco consistente han limitado los resultados de esta experiencia formativa tanto para los estudiantes, como para la universidad.* México educativo estudiantado curricular sociedad estudiantes estudio universidad.

ABSTRACT This article addresses the implementation and results of the social service in one of the largest universities in Mexico, using as reference the goals of its educational model aimed at the integral education of students. The article is based on notions such as curricular change, integral education and the link between universities, and different social sectors, as well as in extensive documentary analysis, and interviews and questionnaires applied to university personnel and students. We demonstrate that the location of the social service in the curricula, the diversity of perspectives about its goals and results, as well as the inconsistent institutional policy, have limited the results of this educational experience for both students and the University. Mexico change sectors analysis curricula policy University

Abstract: The present study focused on describing the academic advising practices of a group of professors with high scores on their advising performance as evaluated by their higher-education institution. Advising practices were assessed to determine whether they were good practices for standardization and dissemination. The narratives of 23 advisors and 16 students were recorded in eight focus groups by using a qualitative design. Transcripts were analyzed by using coding methods to determine advising views, forms of organization, communication styles, and the conditions in which advising interactions took place. The results showed that some advisor and student practices took place in times and spaces different from what their higher-education institution mandated in its regulation and management policy for advising practices. These practices posed professional and personal risks due to lack of institutional strategies and support. In conclusion, despite high commitment showed by advisors, their advising practices were not considered adequate for their and other higher-education institutions.

Resumen: Este estudio se enfoca en describir la práctica tutorial de un grupo de profesores con altos puntajes en su desempeño como tutores y en determinar si estas prácticas son buenas prácticas para su sistematización y difusión. Mediante un diseño cualitativo, se realizaron ocho grupos focales que registraron las narrativas de 23 tutores y 16 estudiantes. Se analizan las transcripciones mediante métodos de codificación para conocer sus representaciones sobre la tutoría, las formas de organización, la comunicación y las condiciones en que se realizan las interacciones tutoriales. Los resultados muestran que algunas de las acciones de tutores y tutorados se desarrollan en tiempos y espacios distintos a los considerados en la normativa y prácticas de gestión de la institución y suponen riesgos profesionales y personales por la falta de estrategias y soportes institucionales. Se concluye que a pesar del alto compromiso de profesores, sus prácticas no se consideran deseables en esta u otras instituciones.

Abstract The agribusiness is a major generator of employment and income worldwide and contributes to food security and nutrition. Therefore, the objective was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the scientific contributions in agribusiness. A bibliographic consultation was made in Scopus and "Agribusiness" was used as keyword. A textual analysis was performed on 407 scientific papers from 2020, through Nvivo 12 software using the following analysis codes: Mega trade agreements and institutional harmonization, farm-level technology pricing and contracts, market power related to the mega consolidation of companies, new agricultural technologies, emergence of agrocorporations, institutional land access rules, property rights regimes and their consequences, private enforcement of property rights, farmer class action studies and territorial reconversion. Two more codes emerged in the analysis process: Environmental impact and human health impact. Current scientific contributions in agribusiness are focused on new agricultural technologies (24%), environmental impact (17%) and local actions of farmers (14%). A qualitative improvement of the contributions is observed as more elements that support the complex processes agribusiness generates are increasingly incorporated. From focusing on economic and financial aspects, sustainability-oriented and social commitment domains are now considered. A modern and innovative concept defines agribusiness as economic activities with different forms or models of production, derived from or linked to agricultural products. It considers production-consumption processes and farmers are inserted in a differentiated way according to their economic rationality. These activities are not only focused on the generation of monetary value, but also on the social processes it produces, where multiple actors are involved.

Summary: Moringa is used for human and animal consumption due to its high content of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The present study analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of Azospirillum spp. over the nutritional content of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) under nursery conditions. The experimental design consisted of four treatments with six repetitions in complete blocks at random, which consisted of the inoculation at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL of suspension with 9.8 × 105 CFU mL-1 of Azospirillum spp. The study variables: biomass, protein, macro (P, K. Ca and Mg) and micronutriments (Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) in leaves and stems were determined 70 days after sowing. The analysis of variance showed significant statistical differences between treatments only for the variables: potassium content in leaves and calcium content, iron and sodium in stem. According to the comparison of means (P ≤ 0.05) the best treatments were those that received 0.5 and 1 mL of suspension. The inoculation of Azospirillum, failed to increase the dry weight and protein contents; however, the highest values (30.2% crude protein) were associated with its application. The absence of significant effects in the other variables evaluated is associated with inoculum concentration, however, higher values are shown in the nutrient contents in relation to results reported in other research.

Resumen: La moringa es utilizada para consumo humano y animal debido a su alto contenido de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. El presente estudio analizó y evaluó la efectividad de Azospirillum spp., sobre el contenido nutrimental de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) en condiciones de vivero. El diseño experimental consistió en cuatro tratamientos con seis repeticiones en bloques completos al azar, los cuales consistieron en la inoculación a 0.5, 1 y 1.5 mL de suspensión con 9.8 × 105 UFC mL-1 de Azospirillum spp. Las variables de estudio: biomasa, proteína, macro (P, K. Ca y Mg) y micronutrimentos (Na, Fe, Cu y Mn) en hojas y tallos se determinaron a los 70 días después de la siembra. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas entre tratamientos únicamente para las variables: contenido de potasio en hojas y contenido de calcio, fierro y sodio en tallo. De acuerdo a la comparación de medias (P ≤ 0.05) los mejores tratamientos fueron los que recibieron 0.5 y 1 mL de suspensión. La inoculación de Azospirillum, no logró aumentar el peso seco y los contenidos de proteína; sin embargo, los valores más altos (30.2% proteína cruda) se asociaron a su aplicación. La ausencia de efectos significativos en las demás variables evaluadas se asocia con la concentración del inoculo, sin embargo, se muestran valores superiores en los contenidos de nutrimentos en relación con resultados reportados en otras investigaciones.

Resumo Heliconias têm grande importância comercial devido à durabilidade de suas inflorescências, tamanhos, formas e cores brilhantes. Em relação à sua produção, a nutrição mineral da cultura é um dos aspectos mais relevantes para a obtenção de hastes florais de qualidade. O objetivo foi determinar a influência do N-P-K no crescimento e estado nutricional de Heliconia stricta Dwarf Jamaican. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na fertilização do solo com N-P-K. Os níveis de adubação expressos em kg ha-1 de NPK foram: controle sem aplicação 00-00-00 (T100), 31-31-31 (T231), 62-62-62 (T362) e 93-93-93 (T493). As plantas receberam os tratamentos por seis meses. Variáveis de crescimento e teores de nutrientes da biomassa de helicônia foram avaliadas. A análise de variância mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P ≤ 0.05) no vigor e na cor da planta, assim como para os teores de fósforo, magnésio e cobre. Os aumentos significativos no vigor e cor foram com as doses 31-31-31 e 62-62-62 do NPK. Quanto ao conteúdo de P, Mg e Cu, esses foram influenciados pelas doses 31-31-31, 62-62-62 e 93-93-93. Este trabalho mostra importantes achados em relação ao diagnóstico nutricional no teor foliar de nutrientes.

Abstract Heliconias have great commercial importance due to their durability of inflorescences, sizes, forms and bright colors. Regarding its production, the mineral nutrition of the crop is one of the most relevant aspects to obtain quality floral stems. The objective was to determine the influence of N-P-K on the growth and nutritional content of Heliconia stricta Dwarf Jamaican. A completely randomized block design was used with four treatments and five repetitions. The treatments consisted in fertilizing the soil with N-P-K. The levels of fertilization expressed in kg ha-1 of NPK were: control without application 00-00-00 (T100), 31-31-31 (T231), 62-62-62 (T362) and 93-93-93 (T493). The plants received the treatments for six months. Growth variables and nutrient contents of heliconia biomass were evaluated. The analysis of variance showed significant statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the vigor and color of the plant, as well as the phosphorus, magnesium and copper contents. The significant increases in vigor and color were with doses 31-31-31 and 62-62-62 of NPK. As for the contents of P, Mg and Cu were influenced by doses 31-31-31, 62-62-62 and 93-93-93 of NPK. This work shows important findings in relation to the nutritional diagnosis in the foliar content of nutrients.

Resumo Assegurar a extensão do período de durabilidade de hastes comerciais de Heliconia é fundamental no processo de aceitação do consumidor final. Para isso, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da hidratação na vida dos vasos de duas cultivares de Heliconia. Foram utilizados delineamentos experimentais de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas (cultivar x hidratação) com 6 repetições, sendo cultivares x hidratação: sem hidratação (controle), com hidratação (água) e com hidratação + açúcar. Os resultados analisando as cultivares como fator mostram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (P ≤ 0,05). De acordo com a comparação das médias (P ≤ 0,05), a Heliconia psittacorum x spathorcinata tropics tiveram a melhor resposta. Tanto a hidratação quanto a interação entre cultivares e o regime hídrico não mostraram diferenças significativas (P ≤ 0,05). A hidratação não garantiu um maior número de dias de vaso, por isso é uma alternativa o tratamento a seco e a redução no uso excessivo de água, de acordo com os resultados obtidos nesse estudo.

Abstract Ensuring extension of the vase life of Heliconia commercial stems is essential for the consumer acceptance process. For this, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of hydration on the vase life of two Heliconia cultivars. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots (cultivar x hydration) with 6 replicates, being cultivars x hydration: no hydration (control), water hydration and hydration + sugar. The results considering cultivars as a factor showed a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). According to the comparison of means (P ≤ 0.05), the Heliconia psittacorum x spathorcinata tropics showed the best response. Both hydration and interaction between cultivars, showed no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Hydration did not guarantee a greater number of days of durability, so it is a good alternative, the use of dry treatment and the reduction on the excessive water use, according to the results obtained in this study.

Abstract: This study aimed to present the results of using the modified surgical technique of penile deviation. This study was performed in cattle from center and south of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. To do this, 5 bovine were operated with 30 - 48 months old; race Bos taurus x Bos indicus, with an average live weight of 450 kg. The following parameters were measured: operative time, operative trauma, postoperative recovery and infectious processes. The results of this study reported an average surgery time of 1.8 h, with a surgical trauma from a first circular incision at preputial level of 12.5 cm and from the second incision a circular cut to insert the preputial ring transplanted of 6.5 cm diameter. Regarding to the average postoperative recovery it was 24.6 days, no infectious process was presented. The five bovines treated surgically proved to be efficient in artificial insemination programs, fulfilling their livestock function properly. These results demonstrate that surgical penile deviation by modified technique can be employed for the preparation of markers bulls.

Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de la utilización de la técnica modificada de desviación quirúrgica del pene. Se realizó en bovinos provenientes de la zona centro y sur del estado de Veracruz, México. Para ello se operaron 5 bovinos de 30 - 48 meses de edad, de razas Bos taurus x Bos indicus, con un peso vivo promedio de 450 kg. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros: tiempo de la operación, traumatismo operatorio, recuperación posoperatoria y procesos infecciosos. Los resultados del presente estudio reportan un tiempo promedio por cirugía de 1.8 h, con un traumatismo operatorio de una primera incisión circular a nivel prepucial de 12.5 cm, y la segunda incisión del corte circular para insertar el rodete prepucial trasplantado de 6.5 cm de diámetro. Referente a la recuperación posoperatoria promedio fue de 24.6 días; no se presentó proceso infeccioso alguno. Los cinco bovinos intervenidos quirúrgicamente, mostraron ser eficientes en los programas de inseminación artificial, cumpliendo con su función zootécnica apropiadamente. Estos resultados nos permiten concluir que la desviación quirúrgica del pene, mediante técnica modificada, se puede emplear para la preparación de toros marcadores.

This study analyzed, from a gender perspective, the contribution of community organizations formed by women, and promoted by the Oportunidades Program in favor of Sustainable Rural Development and Women Empowerment from a rural community in Veracruz. Mixed methods of analysis (qualitative and quantitative) were used to study the organizational structure and power in the ejido. The obtained results point out that there is evidence of economic empowerment and greater attention to the health of women, although there is still a need to strengthen the individual and collective empowerment of women, so that it results in egalitarian decision making, with direct influence on the sustainable development in the ejido.

En este estudio se analizó, desde la perspectiva de género, la contribución de la organización comunitaria formada por mujeres e impulsada por el Programa Oportunidades para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y el empoderamiento femenino de una comunidad rural en Veracruz. La metodología de análisis fue de tipo mixto (cualitativa y cuantitativa); con ello se analizó la estructura organizacional y de poder en el ejido. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que existen indicios de empoderamiento económico y de la mayor atención sobre la salud de las mujeres, aunque falta que se fortalezca el empoderamiento individual y colectivo de las mujeres, y que éste culmine en la toma de decisiones igualitarias, con injerencia directa sobre el desarrollo sustentable en el ejido.