Abstract Objective: this study aimed to evaluate if there is an association of intake of coffee and its polyphenols with mammographic findings in women treated at a breast care service unit of the Unified Health System (SUS), Brazil. Research methods and procedures: this was a cross-sectional study with 532 women treated at a health service. The participants were divided according to their mammographic reports into two groups: without and with altered findings. Two 24-h dietary recalls were applied and coffee consumption was categorized into three groups (less than 1 cup, 1 to 3 cups, and more than 3 cups). Phenolic acids were determined using the Phenol Explorer program. The intake of polyphenols was calculated by adding the values obtained from the total amount of coffee consumed during the day. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was applied to analyze the usual intake. Results: of the 532 women, 178 (33.5 %) had altered mammographic findings. The participants' average daily coffee intake was 193.4 mL. No significant association was found between coffee consumption and mammographic findings. However, it was found that the second tertile of polyphenols was a protective factor for breast changes. Conclusion: coffee polyphenols are protective against breast changes in the group evaluated and, thus, can help prevent breast cancer.

Resumen Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si existe una asociación de la ingesta de café y sus polifenoles con los hallazgos mamográficos de mujeres tratadas en una unidad de patología mamaria del Sistema Unificado de Salud (SUS), Brasil. Métodos y procedimientos de investigación: este fue un estudio transversal con 532 mujeres tratadas en un servicio de salud. Las participantes se dividieron de acuerdo con sus informes mamográficos en dos grupos: sin y con hallazgos alterados. Se aplicaron dos registros dietéticos de 24 horas y el consumo de café se clasificó en tres grupos (menos de 1 taza, 1 a 3 tazas y más de 3 tazas). Los ácidos fenólicos se determinaron utilizando el programa Phenol Explorer. La ingesta de polifenoles se calculó sumando los valores obtenidos de la cantidad total de café consumido durante el día. Se aplicó el método de fuentes múltiples (MSM) para analizar la ingesta habitual. Resultados: de las 532 mujeres, 178 (33,5 %) tenían hallazgos mamográficos alterados. La ingesta diaria promedio de café de los participantes fue de 193,4 ml. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el consumo de café y los hallazgos mamográficos. Sin embargo, se encontró que el segundo tercil de polifenoles era un factor protector para los cambios mamarios. Conclusión: los polifenoles del café son protectores contra los cambios mamarios en el grupo evaluado y, por lo tanto, podrían ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama.

Resumen Introducción: el consumo inadecuado de micronutrientes es un problema de salud pública emergente que puede comprometer la salud. Objetivos: evaluar si la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta está asociada con el consumo de 13 micronutrientes en una muestra de mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 648 mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. La asociación entre la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta y la adecuación del consumo de 13 micronutrientes se investigó mediante modelos de regresión logística ajustados por posibles variables de confusión. Resultados: el consumo de micronutrientes aumentó a medida que mejoraba la calidad de los carbohidratos. Los micronutrientes con mayor prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada fueron: vitamina A, magnesio, manganeso y tiamina. Después de los ajustes mediante modelos de regresión logística, las mujeres del tercer tercil del índice de calidad de carbohidratos tenían menos probabilidades de tener un consumo inadecuado de magnesio (odds ratio (OR): 0,29; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %: 0,14-0,59), manganeso (OR: 0,32 ; IC del 95 %: 0,21 a 0,49) y cobre (OR: 0,22; IC del 95 %: 0,12 a 0,37). Conclusiones: la ingesta de una mayor calidad de carbohidratos en la dieta se asocia con una mejor adecuación en el consumo de la mayoría de los micronutrientes en mujeres monitoreadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, especialmente magnesio, manganeso y cobre, después del ajuste mediante modelos de regresión.

Abstract Introduction: inadequate consumption of micronutrients is an emerging public health problem that can compromise health. Objectives: to assess whether the quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with the consumption of 13 micronutrients in a sample of women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 648 women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. The association between quality of dietary carbohydrates and adequacy of consumption of 13 micronutrients was investigated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: the consumption of micronutrients increased as the quality of carbohydrates improved. The micronutrients with the highest prevalence of inadequate intake were vitamin A, magnesium, manganese, and thiamine. After adjustments using logistic regression models, women in the third tertile of the carbohydrate quality index were less likely to have an inadequate consumption of magnesium (odds ratio (OR), 0.29; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.59), manganese (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21-0.49), and copper (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.37). Conclusions: intake of a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with improved adequacy in consumption of most micronutrients in women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System, especially magnesium, manganese, and copper, after adjustment using regression models.

Introduction: the H. pylori infection affects more than half of humanity, being a public health problem. Its prevalence is significantly higher in developing countries like Brazil. It has been suggested that H. pylori infection may influence the intake and caloric homeostasis. Purpose: to compare nutritional status and food intake of patients attended by National Health System, with and without H. pylori infection. Methods: 140 patients were assessed. They performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to investigate the presence of H. pylori. Body weight and height of the patients were measured. Food intake was investigated through two 24-hour recalls, with data transformed in grams and analyzed in DietWin Professional 2.0 software. The findings were compared using the chi-square test or Student's t-test, adopting p < 0.05 as significance level. Results: there was predominance of patients with excess weight for both Hp - (60.3%) and Hp + (67.7%), with no difference between them. Food intake of assessed groups was similar. Conclusion: no differences were found in nutritional status and food intake between the two studied groups.

Introducción: la infección por H. pylori afecta a más de la mitad de la humanidad, siendo un problema de salud pública. Su prevalencia es significativamente mayor en los países en desarrollo, como Brasil. Se ha sugerido que la infección por H. pylori puede influir en la ingesta y la homeostasis calórica. Propósito: comparar el estado nutricional y la ingesta de alimentos de los pacientes incluidos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, con y sin infección por H. pylori. Métodos: se evaluarón 140 pacientes. Realizaron la endoscopia digestiva alta para investigar la presencia de H. pylori. Se midieron el peso corporal y la altura de los pacientes. La ingesta de alimentos se investigó a través de dos recordatorios de 24 horas, con los dados transformados en gramos y analizados en el software DietWin Professional 2.0. Los resultados se compararon mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado o la prueba t de Student. Se adoptó de p < 0,05 como nivel de significación. Resultados: hubo predominio de pacientes con exceso de peso tanto para Hp - (60,3%) como Hp + (67,7%), sin diferencias entre ellos. La ingesta de alimentos de los grupos evaluados fue similar. Conclusiones: no hubo diferencias en el estado nutricional y la ingesta de alimentos entre los dos grupos.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o consumo alimentar de dois grupos de mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama atendidas em dois períodos distintos: 1999-2004 e 2005-2009. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental, com abordagem descritiva e comparativa. Foram coletados dados de identificação e de ingestão alimentar nas fichas de 154 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama atendidas em serviços de referência de Fortaleza (CE): 66 no período de 1999-2004 e 88 no de 2005-2009. Foram considerados como integrantes do hábito os alimentos consumidos pelo menos quinzenalmente por, no mínimo, 50% das pessoas. Calculou-se a prevalência de consumo de alimentos, sendo os padrões dos dois períodos comparados pela aplicação dos testes Quiquadrado ou exato de Fisher, e adotouse p<0,05 como nível de significância. RESULTADOS: Os hábitos alimentares dos dois grupos foram semelhantes, exceto quanto ao maior consumo de leite e de cenoura e menor consumo de manga e caju, além de uma tendência ao aumento no consumo de óleo de soja, observada no grupo atendido mais recentemente. O aumento de leite e de cenoura pode configurar proteção contra a recidiva da doença, mas a redução do consumo das frutas citadas pode significar maior risco: aliás, foram baixas as prevalências de consumo de frutas e hortaliças pelos dois grupos de mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados apontam para uma lacuna na abordagem educativa das pacientes tanto no passado como na atualidade, o que comprova a necessidade de incentivar maior consumo e variedade de hortaliças e frutas e menor consumo de cereais refinados, gorduras, açúcar e refrigerantes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the dietary intake of two groups of women with breast cancer treated on different periods: 1999-2004 and 2005-2009. METHODS: This descriptive and comparative documental study collected data from the medical records of 154 patients with breast cancer treated in reference centers of Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. The following variables were studied: food intake and characterization. Sixtysix women were studied from 1999-2004 and 88 from 2005-2009. Foods consumed at least every 15 days by not less than 50% of the women were considered part of their eating habits. The prevalence of the foods consumed was calculated, and the standards of the two periods compared by the Chisquare or Fisher's exact test. The significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: The dietary habits of both groups were similar but the group treated more recently consumed more milk, less carrots, mangos and cashews, and tended to consume more soybean oil. Higher intakes of milk and carrots can provide protection against recurrence, but lower consumption of fruits may increase risk. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that patients are not being properly advised, both in the past and today. Patients need to be encouraged to consume more vegetables and fruits in volume and variety, and less refined grains, fats, sugar and soda.