Resumen: En este artículo se presentan los trabajos de campo arqueológico, realizados en el pozo de agua del sitio La Chacra, ubicado en la localidad de Santa Ana, departamento Candelaria, provincia de Misiones. Sus relictos están emplazados en la zona periférica de la antigua reducción jesuita de guaraníes de Santa Ana, inscripta en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, por lo que forman parte de la zona de amortiguamiento. El trabajo fue ejecutado a comienzos de 2020 como paso previo a una intervención de arquitectura y restauración. En esta presentación se detallan los aspectos técnicos y metodológicos de la excavación, junto con los principales resultados. La ejecución de las tareas proyectadas aseguró la conservación de una estructura arqueológica inserta en un contexto de alto valor patrimonial. Al mismo tiempo, el estudio de sus características constituye un aporte al conocimiento del sistema constructivo y del manejo del agua implementado en las misiones jesuíticas.

Abstract: This paper describes the archaeological fieldworks carried out in a well of La Chacra site, placed in the village of Santa Ana, Candelaria department, province of Misiones. These remains are located in the suburbs of the Guarani-Jesuit mission of Santa Ana. Since the latter is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, La Chacra is part of its buffer zone. The fieldwork was executed at the beginning of 2020 and it was the previous step of an architecture and restoration work. In this article, we describe the technical and methodological aspects of the excavation and the main results obtained. The activities ensured the conservation of an archaeological structure in a context of great value. Likewise, the study of the characteristics of the well contributes to the knowledge concerning the construction systems used in the Jesuit missions, as well as the water management systems.

Resumen: Introducción: la detección temprana de problemas del desarrollo en niños permite aplicar intervenciones oportunas que mejoran el pronóstico y disminuyen la discapacidad. Esto requiere aplicar pruebas de pesquisas sensibles, sencillas y de bajo costo. Con este propósito, en Uruguay se desarrolló la Guía Nacional para la Vigilancia del desarrollo del Niño y la Niña menores de 5 años versión 2 (GNVD V2). Su utilización requiere conocer las propiedades psicométricas e índices fijos y variables. Objetivo: validación concurrente de la GNVD V2 frente al Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle 4ª edición. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional, en una muestra representativa de niños de 1 mes a 5 años de centros educativos de Montevideo. Se relacionaron los resultados de la aplicación de la GNVD V2 con los del Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle 4ª edición. Se calculó la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo de la GNVD V2, según diferentes puntos de corte. Se estimó el beneficio clínico de su aplicación mediante las razones de verosimilitud o likelihood ratios. Se realizó análisis psicométrico. Resultados: la validación se realizó con 341 niños. No haber fallado en ninguna de las 12 conductas ubicadas a la izquierda de las cuatro áreas correspondientes a su edad presenta sensibilidad 77%, especificidad 65%, valor predictivo positivo 42% y valor predictivo negativo 89%. Con dicho punto de corte, el LR (+) es 2,2 y el LR (-) 0,35 y la probabilidad de presentar un trastorno cuando no pasa la prueba 1,6 y cuando la pasa 0,26. Conclusiones: la GNVD V2 posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas e índices fijos similares a tests validados a nivel internacional que permiten recomendarlo como instrumento nacional de pesquisa.

Summary: Introduction: early detection of developmental problems in children enables the application of timely interventions that improve prognosis and reduce disabilities. To that end, the application of sensitive, simple and low-cost screening procedures is required, what led to the creation of the “National Guidelines for the Surveillance of Early Childhood Development (under 5 years old children)” (GNVD V2). Use of these guidelines relies on awareness of psychometric properties a well as fixed rates and variables. Objective: concurrent validation of GNVD V2 with Battelle Developmental Inventory, Fourth Edition. Method: we conducted a transversal, observational study in a representative sample of children between 1 month and 5 years old from different schools in Montevideo. Subsequently, results from the application of GNVD V2 were compared to the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Fourth Edition. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive and negative values of the GNVD V2 were calculated for the different cut-off points. The clinical benefit if its application was estimated by means of likelihood ratios. A psychometric analysis was performed. Results: validation was done with 341 children. No failure occurring in any of the behaviors to the left of the four areas corresponding to age represents 77% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 42% positive predictive value and 89% negative predictive value. Given such cut-off point, LR+ is 2.2 and LR- is 0.35, and the likelihood of there being a disorder when not passing the test is 1.6 and 0.26 when passing it. Conclusions: GNVD V2 has the right psychometric properties and fixed rates that are similar to globally validated tests that allow for it to be recommended as the national screening instrument.

Resumo: Introdução: a detecção precoce de problemas de desenvolvimento em crianças permite aplicar intervenções oportunas que melhoram o prognóstico e diminuem as deficiências. Para isso é necessário aplicar provas de pesquisa sensíveis, simples e de baixo custo. Com este propósito, desenvolveu-se no Uruguai a Guía Nacional para la Vigilancia del desarrollo del Niño y la Niña menores de 5 años Versión 2 (GNVD V2). Para utilizá-la é necessário conhecer as propriedades psicométricas e os índices fixos e variáveis. Objetivo: validação concorrente da GNVD V2 comparada com o Inventário de Desenvolvimento Battelle 4ª edição. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal, observacional, em uma amostra representativa de crianças com idades entre 1 mês e 5 anos de centros educativos de Montevidéu. Os resultados da aplicação da GNVD V2 foram comparados com os do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Battelle 4ª edição. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos da GNVD V2 segundo diferentes pontos de corte foram calculados. O benefício clínico de sua aplicação mediante as razões de verossimilhança ou “likelihood ratio” (LR) foi estimado. Uma análise psicométrica foi realizada. Resultados: a validação foi realizada com 341 crianças. Não haver mostrado falhas em nenhuma das 12 condutas a esquerda das quatro áreas correspondentes à sua idade apresenta sensibilidade 77%, especificidade 65%, valor preditivo positivo 42% e valor preditivo negativo 89%. Com este ponto de corte, o LR (+) é 2.2 e o LR (-) 0.35 e a probabilidade de apresentar um transtorno quando não passa a prova 1.6 e quando passa 0.26. Conclusões: a GNVD V2 possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas e índices fixos similares a testes validados a nível internacional que permitem recomendá-lo como instrumento nacional de pesquisa.

Abstract The missions founded by the Society of Jesus amongst the Guarani people during the 17th and 18th centuries have been studied from a variety of disciplines. This paper focus on archaeological works and research carried out by Archaeology. We present a critical review on what has happened in the countries that hold material culture of Jesuit-Guarani origin, with special emphasis on the historical buildings located in the province of Misiones (Argentina). This systematization ranges from the first archaeological research to recent works carried out not only in ancient missions but also in the existing remains among the villages, considering a territorial perspective. We discuss progresses and difficulties presented throughout time, to conclude with some thoughts on the future.

Resumen Las misiones que la Compañía de Jesús fundó entre los guaraníes durante los siglos XVII y XVIII han sido estudiadas desde diversas disciplinas. Este escrito centra su atención en las intervenciones e investigaciones llevadas adelante desde la Arqueología. Presentamos una revisión crítica de lo ocurrido en los países que albergan vestigios de origen jesuítico-guaraní, con especial énfasis en los conjuntos emplazados en la provincia de Misiones (Argentina). Esta sistematización abarca desde las primeras incursiones arqueológicas hasta los recientes trabajos llevados a cabo no sólo en las antiguas misiones sino también en los restos del entramado existente entre los pueblos, adoptando una perspectiva territorial. Discutimos los avances logrados y las dificultades que se han presentado a lo largo del tiempo, para concluir con algunas consideraciones a futuro.

Background and Objectives: Even if verbal fluency deficits have been described in Schizophrenia, error pattern in this test has not been analyzed in detail in the literature. The pattern analysis of such errors could contribute to the understanding of the factors that influence poor task performance in schizophrenia. In this study we analyzed the intrusion and perseveration errors in verbal fluency tasks in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: 87 patients diagnosed with Chronic Schizophrenia and 87 healthy controls were included in this investigation and were assessed with four Phonological and Semantic Verbal Fluency tasks. Results The results of this study showed that at least half of schizophrenic patients produced perseverative errors on verbal fluency and about made intrusion errors. The severity of negative symptoms, the severity of Formal Thought Disorder and pharmacological variables were significant moderators to errors in Verbal Fluency performance. Conclusions Errors in Verbal Fluency can be explained by the interaction of different variables in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a psychological pathology with great phenomenological complexity and its particularities can only be explained by the consideration of the multiple factors involved in its manifestation.

INTRODUCTION Improved survival rates of neonates with very low birth weight (<1500 g) have led to a higher incidence of neurodevelopmental sequelae. OBJECTIVE Examine neurodevelopment outcomes over the first two years of life of infants who weighed <1500 g at birth, in relation to birth weight, gestational age and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores, in a Havana tertiary care hospital. METHODS A case-series study was conducted to assess neurodevelopment outcomes of very low birth weight infants over their first two years of life. The study population comprised 116 surviving neonates with very low birth weight (<1500 g), born in the Dr Ramón González Coro University Maternity Hospital in Havana, Cuba, 2006–2010. A longitudinal, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary follow up of all infants’ neurodevelopment was performed, from hospital discharge to age two years, corrected for gestational age at birth. Data on each infant’s perinatal variables were collected: birth weight in grams, gestational age at birth, and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores. Patients were classified as having normal neurodevelopment, mild abnormalities and moderate-to-severe abnormalities. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine possible relationships between perinatal variables studied and neurodevelopment, with exact sampling distribution and 95% confidence level. RESULTS Normal neurodevelopment was observed in 69% of very low birth weight infants, 25.9% had mild abnormalities, and 5.2% displayed moderate-to-severe abnormalities. The results demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between gestational age and neurodevelopmental outcomes; more neurodevelopmental abnormalities were found in infants born at earlier gestational age (<30 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Surviving very low birth weight neonates with lower gestational age at birth face a higher risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Introducción: el embarazo adolescente constituye un impacto biopsicosocial. La analgesia obstétrica mejora la satisfacción materna y el vínculo madre-hijo. Objetivo: describir las embarazadas adolescentes que recibieron analgesia epidural y la eficacia de la misma, para conocer la realidad de estas pacientes y el trabajo que realizamos en el Hospital de la Mujer. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de enero de 2012 a enero de 2013. Revisamos 186 historias registrando: edad, paridad, escala verbal análoga (EVA) previo a la analgesia y a los 10 minutos, duración, parto o cesárea, complicaciones maternas, test de satisfacción, Apgar. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 17,3 ? 0,1 años. El 85,5% eran primigestas; 9,7% secundigestas, y 1,1% tercigestas. El 80,1% presentaban EVA de 10; 5,9% EVA de 9; 8,6% EVA de 8. A los 10 minutos, el 97,3% presentaban EVA de 0 y el 4,8% un EVA entre 1 y 4. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el EVA al inicio y a los 10 minutos en 179 pacientes, valor p < 0,001. El 67,2% estuvieron totalmente calmadas y el 32,8% parcialmente calmadas. La duración de la analgesia presentó un promedio de 198,9 ± 8,1 minutos. El 84,9% tuvo parto y el 15,1% cesárea. No existieron complicaciones maternas graves. El 98,4% de los neonatos fueron vigorosos. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las adolescentes estaban en etapa tardía, eran primigestas y presentaban dolor severo. La analgesia del parto representó una técnica eficaz. Se requieren más estudios para evaluar el impacto sobre la vía de finalización del parto.

Resumo Introdução: a gravidez adolescente é um impacto biopsicossocial. A analgesia obstétrica melhora a satisfação materna e o vínculo mãe-filho. Objetivo: descrever as gestantes adolescentes que receberam analgesia epidural e a eficácia da mesma para conhecer a realidade destas pacientes e o trabalho que realizamos no Hospital da Mulher. Material e método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2013. Revisamos 186 historias registrando: idade, paridade, escala verbal análoga (EVA) prévia a analgesia e 10 minutos depois, duração, parto ou cesárea, complicações maternas, teste de satisfação, Apgar. Resultados: a idade média foi 17,3 ± 0,1 anos. 85,5% eram primigestas; 9,7% secundigestas, e 1,1% tercigestas. 80.1% apresentavam EVA de 10; 5,9% EVA de 9; 8,6% EVA de 8. Aos 10 minutos, 97,3% apresentavam EVA de 0 e 4,8% um EVA entre 1 e 4. Uma diferencia estatisticamente significativa entre a EVA ao inicio e aos 10 minutos em 179 pacientes, valor p < 0,001. 67,2% estavam totalmente calmas e 32,8% parcialmente calmas. A media de duração da analgesia foi de 198,9 ± 8,1 minutos. 84,9% teve parto e 15,1% cesárea. Não foram observadas complicações maternas graves. 98,4% dos neonatos foram vigorosos. Conclusões: a maioria das adolescentes estavam na etapa tardia, eram primigestas e apresentavam dor severa. A analgesia do parto mostrou ser uma técnica eficaz. São necessário mais estudos para avaliar o impacto sobre a via de terminação do parto.

Abstract Introduction: adolescent pregnancy constitutes a bio-psycho and social issue. Obstetric analgesia has a positive impact on mothers and the mother-child bond. Objective: to describe pregnant adolescents who received epidural analgesia and its effectiveness, to learn about these patients’ reality and the work conducted and the Women´s Hospital. Method: retrospective, descriptive study, from January 2012 through January 2013. We reviewed 186 medical records, analising age, parity, verbal analogue scale prior to analgesia and after 10 minutes, duration, natural childbirth or C-section, maternal complication, satisfaction test, Apgar. Results: average age was 17.3 ± 0.1 years old. Eighty five point eight percent were primiparous, 9.7% were adolescents pregnant for the second time, and 1,1% were adolescents pregnant for the third time. Eighty point 1 percent scored 10 in the verbal analogue scale; 5.9% of them scored 9; and 8.6% scored 8. Ten minutes later, 97.3% scores 0 in the scale and 4.8% scored between 1 and 4. A statistically significant difference was found between the verbal analogue scale upon initiation and 10 minutes later in 179 patients, valor p < 0.001. Sixty seven point two percent of patients were completely calmed and 32.8% were partially calmed. The average duration of analgesia was 198.9% ± 8,1 minutes. Eighty four point nine per cent had a natural birth and 15.1% were C-section. There were no serious maternal complications. Ninety eight point four percent were vigorous newborns. Conclusions: most adolescents were in the late stage, they were pregnant for the first time and were in severe pain. Analgesia for delivery resulted an effective technique. More studies are necessary to determine the impact of the technique on the method of delivery.

Background. Tacrolimus is a widely used immunosuppressant in renal transplant patients. Drug monitoring is performed by measuring trough levels. Pharmacodynamic monitoring is used to evaluate the biological effect. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between tacrolimus area-under concentration vs. time curve (AUC) and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in children with renal transplant. Methods. An experimental, cross-sectional study was performed in children with renal transplant at 3 months after transplant. An 8-h pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile was obtained. Gene expression of TNF-α and internal control of 18s rRNA was performed by real-time PCR. CYP3A5 genotype was obtained by direct sequencing. Results. Six patients were included with a median age of 14.5 years. A negative correlation was found between tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and TNF-α gene expression. There was a trend of low TNF-α with high tacrolimus blood levels. Conclusions. There is a negative correlation between tacrolimus concentration and TNF-α gene expression. TNF-α gene expression was not modified by CYP3A5 genotype.

Introducción. El tacrolimus se emplea como inmunosupresor en pacientes con trasplante renal. La monitorización farmacodinámica es una estrategia para conocer el efecto biológico real. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la correlación entre la concentración de tacrolimus y la expresión génica de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) en pacientes con trasplante renal. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal y experimental en niños con trasplante renal con tres meses de evolución. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para realizar la farmacocinética de tacrolimus y la expresión génica de TNF-α. Se llevó a cabo PCR en tiempo real para determinar la expresión del gen TNF-α y el gen de control interno 18S. Se determinó el genotipo de CYP3A5 mediante secuenciación directa. Resultados. Se estudiaron seis pacientes con una mediana de edad de 14.5 años. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la concentración de tacrolimus por punto de farmacocinética y la media correspondiente de la expresión génica de TNF-α. Hubo tendencia a la disminución de TNF-α ante niveles altos de tacrolimus. Conclusiones. Existe una correlación negativa entre la concentración de tacrolimus y la expresión génica de TNF-α. La expresión de TNF-α no se modificó según el genotipo de CYP3A5.

RESUMO A disfunção executiva pode resultar de envolvimento do circuito pré-frontal que ocorre em doenças neurodegenerativas e distúrbios psiquiátricos. Além disso, várias condições neuropsiquiátricas, podem apresentar sobreposição de sintomas comportamentais e cognitivos, tornando o diagnóstico diferencial um desafio, especialmente durante as fases iniciais. Neste sentido, a avaliação cognitiva pode contribuir para o diagnóstico diferencial, fornecendo um conjunto de medidas objetivas e quantificáveis com potencial para distinguir as condições clínicas percebidas em ambientes clínicos comuns como bastante similar. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar a utilidade do Rastreio Frontal INECO (IFS) em diferenciar pacientes bv-FTD de pacientes com depressão maior. Métodos: Foram estudados 49 pacientes com diagnóstico de bv-FTD e 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de depressão unipolar, que foram comparados com um grupo controle de 26 controles saudáveis usando o IFS, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE) e Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke-revisado (ACE-I). Resultados: Os grupos de pacientes diferiram significativamente no controle inibitório motor (U=437,0, p<0,01), memória de trabalho verbal (U=298,0, p<0,001), a memória de trabalho espacial (U=300,5, p<0,001), provérbios (U=341,5, p<0,001) e no controle inibitório verbal (U=316,0, p<0,001), com pacientes com bv-FTD tendo pontuação significativamente menor do que os pacientes com depressão. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que o IFS pode ser considerado uma ferramenta útil para detectar a disfunção executiva em depressão e pacientes bv-FTD e, talvez mais importante, que tem o potencial de ajudar na diferenciação dessas duas condições.

ABSTRACT Executive dysfunction may result from prefrontal circuitry involvement occurring in both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, may present with overlapping behavioral and cognitive symptoms, making differential diagnosis challenging, especially during earlier stages. In this sense, cognitive assessment may contribute to the differential diagnosis by providing an objective and quantifiable set of measures that has the potential to distinguish clinical conditions otherwise perceived in everyday clinical settings as quite similar. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) for differentiating bv-FTD patients from patients with Major Depression. Methods: We studied 49 patients with bv-FTD diagnosis and 30 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression compared to a control group of 26 healthy controls using the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Results: Patient groups differed significantly on the motor inhibitory control (U=437.0, p<0.01), verbal working memory (U=298.0, p<0.001), spatial working memory (U=300.5, p<0.001), proverbs (U=341.5, p<0.001) and verbal inhibitory control (U=316.0, p<0.001) subtests, with bv-FTD patients scoring significantly lower than patients with depression. Conclusion: Our results suggest the IFS can be considered a useful tool for detecting executive dysfunction in both depression and bv-FTD patients and, perhaps more importantly, that it has the potential to help differentiate these two conditions.

Resumo A detecção de comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com doença de Parkinson é crucial para uma boa prática clínica devido às novas possibilidades terapêuticas disponíveis. Quando uma avaliação neuropsicológica completa não está disponível, instrumentos de rastreio capazes de detectar dificuldades cognitivas tornam-se cruciais. Objetivo: Investigar se a versão espanhola do Addenbrooke´s Cognitive Examination (ACE) é capaz de detectar dificuldades cognitivas em pacientes com doença de Parkinson e discriminar seu perfil cognitivo de pacientes com demência. Métodos: 77 pacientes com demência leve (53 com doença de Alzheimer e 24 com demência frontotemporal), 22 pacientes com doença de Parkinson e 53 controles saudáveis foram avaliados com a ACE. Resultados: Os pacientes com doença de Parkinson significativamente diferiram de controles saudáveis e pacientes com demência no escore total do ACE. Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que a versão espanhola do ACE é capaz de detectar pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo na doença de Parkinson e de diferenciá-los de pacientes com demência baseados no seu estado cognitivo geral.

Abstract Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is crucial for good clinical practice given the new therapeutic possibilities available. When full neuropsychological evaluations are not available, screening tools capable of detecting cognitive difficulties become crucial. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is capable of detecting cognitive difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease and discriminating their cognitive profile from patients with dementia. Methods: 77 early dementia patients (53 with Alzheimer's Disease and 24 with Frontotemporal Dementia), 22 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 53 healthy controls were evaluated with the ACE. Results: Parkinson's disease patients significantly differed from both healthy controls and dementia patients on ACE total score. Conclusions: This study shows that the Spanish version of the ACE is capable of detecting patients with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and is able to differentiate them from patients with dementia based on their general cognitive status.

The present essay has as an end to provide a perspective to approach and comprehend the enterprising organizations from the processes of meanings they generate on the base of a complex and mobile panorama. It will allow understanding, on the one side, the complex frameworks of sense and relation which appear among the subjects involved in the enterprise and the productive-formal structures of it, with the options of intervention that the large companies can present by means of the understanding of the symbolic forms present inside the organization's different levels.

El presente ensayo tiene como fin proporcionar una perspectiva para el abordaje y comprensión de las organizaciones empresariales, a partir de los procesos de sentido que ellas mismas generan sobre la base de un panorama complejo y móvil. Permitirá comprender, por un lado, los marcos de sentido y de relación complejos que surgen entre los sujetos involucrados en la empresa y las estructuras formales-productivas de la misma con las opciones de intervención que las grandes compañías pueden presentar, mediante la comprensión de las formas simbólicas presentes al interior de los diferentes niveles de su organización.

This paper develops what we can call a first approach into a "possible communication epistemology" through certain conceptions from Serres. These conceptions are characterized by an open perspective that breaks the notions of limit, frontier, barrier and competence that have distinguished epistemological perspectives through time based on an original human disposition to generate order and construct reality.

El presente artículo pretende brindar un primer acercamiento a lo que llamaríamos una "epistemología posible de la comunicación" a partir de ciertos conceptos del pensamiento de Michel Serres. Dichos conceptos están marcados por una posición filosófica de vanguardia en donde las fronteras, límites, deslindes y competencias de las diferentes formas de conocer se diluyen en función de pliegues, dobleces y conexiones mutuas que, en cada producto cultural, ponen de manifiesto la presencia de una competencia inicial del hombre para ordenar y fundar la realidad.

Abstract This essay aims to a double goal: first: to develope a general description of the lotmanian conception of culture and, in second term: to provide a metaphoric model of the organizational stablishments as culturaly oriented systems that imply complex relation ships semiotically comprehensive.

Resumen El presente ensayo persigue una doble finalidad: por un lado desarrollar una descripción general de la perspectiva semiótica sobre “cultura” en Lotman y, en segundo término, aplicarla a la conceptualización y caracterización de las organizaciones empresariales como “sistemas modelizantes” de relaciones complejas susceptibles de un abordaje semiótico.

El presente trabajo constituye la fase final del desarrollo del protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica Luria-UCV. Los resultados que se presentan se obtuvieron con la aplicación de la Batería Neuropsicológica Luria-UCV a un grupo de 269 sujetos (28 -10,4 %- con diagnóstico confiable de alguna patología neuropsicológica y 241 -89,6 %- voluntarios no patológicos). Tal como se esperaba los sujetos no patológicos obtuvieron una media significativamente mayor que los patológicos en los diferentes subtests de la batería. No se observaron diferencias importantes con relación a la variable género. Las correlaciones entre la variable edad y los diferentes subtests del protocolo resultaron negativas y estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a la variable escolaridad se observó una correlación positiva y significativa. Tomando en cuenta estos resultados se elaboraron baremos con los datos del grupo no patológico para el grupo total y para los subgrupos de edad y de escolaridad. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través de los siguientes procedimientos: coeficiente a de Cronbach, test-retest, división por mitades y confiabilidad entre calificadores. Se concluye que la batería presenta una satisfactoria consistencia interna y una alta confiabilidad entre calificadores, mientras que la estabilidad temporal se observa por debajo de lo esperado. La validez se evaluó a través de los siguientes procedimientos de validez de constructo: consistencia interna y grupos contrastados. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio permiten establecer la seguridad psicométrica del Protocolo Luria-UCV como instrumento para la evaluación neuropsicológica de sujetos venezolanos.

We have applied the Luria-UCV neuropsychological battery to 269 subjects which includes 241 normals voluntary persons and 28 patients with comprobed brain damage. As it was expected the arithmetical mean of the pathological group was higher in the differents sub-tests of the battery. No significant differences in relation with sex was found. The correlation between age and the Battery sub-tests were negative and statistically significant. In relation to scholarity the correlation was positive and significant. The reliability of the battery was evaluated with the following procedures: coefficient a of Cronbach, split-half reliability and examiner of scorer reliability. We find that the battery has a satisfactory internal consistency and reliability between the observers. The temporal stability was under the expected level. We test the validity of the battery with the following construct validity procedures: internal consistency and contrasted groups. The results we presented in this study stablish the psychometric security of this battery for the neuropsychological evaluation of Venezuelan subjets.