Abstract: Decades ago, a multi-factor perspective offered valuable insights into the causes of population cycles in arvicoline (= microtine) rodents. Multi-factor perspectives are also critical for understanding the ecology of infectious diseases. Here, we provide examples of how these perspectives inform our ability to predict variation in disease risk through space and time. We focus in particular on the evidence that many emerging zoonotic pathogens of humans have multiple hosts rather than just one, that most host species harbor more than one pathogen and that these pathogens interact, and that understanding variation in the abundance of species that transmit pathogens often requires deep exploration of the ecological community in which those hosts are embedded.

Resumen: Hace décadas, una perspectiva de múltiples factores ofreció información valiosa sobre las causas de los ciclos de población en roedores arvicolidos (= microtine). Las perspectivas multifactoriales también son fundamentales para comprender la ecología de las enfermedades infecciosas. Se proporcionan ejemplos de cómo estas perspectivas dan información a nuestra capacidad para predecir la variación en el riesgo de enfermedad a través del espacio y el tiempo. Nos enfocamos en particular en la evidencia de que muchos patógenos zoonóticos emergentes de humanos tienen múltiples hospedadores en lugar de uno solo, que la mayoría de las especies hospedantes albergan más de un patógeno y que estos patógenos interactúan. Comprender la variación en la abundancia de especies que transmiten patógenos a menudo requiere una exploración profunda de la comunidad ecológica en la que están incrustados esos hospederos.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are often stigmatised and discriminated against. This population is expected to experience poorer mental health outcomes compared with heterosexual and cis-gendered people, a phenomenon healthcare providers need to take note of and act upon. This study aimed to explore and describe the mental health challenges of LGBT people. An integrative literature search was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, Business Source Premier, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), E-Journals, ERIC, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Humanities Source, MasterFILE Premier, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Social Work Abstracts, TOC Premier, WorldCat.org, Taylor and Francis Journals, Biomed Central and Wiley Online Library. An internet search was also carried out using Google and Google Scholar databases. The following search terms were identified: 'LGBT' OR 'LGBT community' AND 'mental health challenges/problems' OR 'mental/psychiatric illness'. The reviewed literature comprised research conducted globally between 2010 and 2019. From the 2545 titles, 345 abstracts were examined, resulting in 57 articles. The 57 full-text articles were examined to verify whether they addressed the scope of the literature review, of them, 21 addressed the mental health challenges of LGBT people. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people experience the following mental health challenges: emotional distress, stigmatisation, victimisation, discrimination and barriers to accessing healthcare services. The results showed that although LGBT has been legalised in many countries, LGBT communities still experience significant mental health challenges. Healthcare providers are in a position to address challenges related to social and healthcare structures and act as advocates in order to promote the mental health of LGBT individuals.

ABSTRACT The environment control of broiler houses must be done adequately to provide good thermal conditions to broilers without wasting energy. The objective of this study was to characterize the thermal environment in two mechanically ventilated broiler houses with a negative pressure ventilation system, one with a cellulose pad evaporative cooling system and the other with misting nozzles for evaporative cooling. The experiment was conducted in Ervália-MG during winter, spring, and summer. The thermal environment was characterized based on the relationship between the temperature observed inside the broiler houses and the temperatures recommended for the thermal comfort of birds of different ages. The recorded data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, and the spatial variation of the average temperature data recorded during the growth phase in both broiler houses was evaluated graphically using contour graphs. During the brooding phase, the temperatures recorded in both broiler houses were above the recommended values (27-30 °C; 24-27 °C; and 21-24 °C, for the 1st; 2nd and 3rd weeks of bird life respectively) during the entire evaluation period. In the growout phase, it was found that during winter and spring, the interior temperature was within the recommended range (15–27 °C), however, in summer, there were periods when the interior temperature was above the comfort range of birds.

Resumen La calidad del aire es un factor importante en la ganadería intensiva, ya que el aire es el principal vehículo para la difusión de agentes físicos, químicos y biológicos que afectan la salud y el bienestar de los animales y los humanos. El amoníaco es el principal gas contaminante generado en la producción avícola. En este estudio, se realizó una revisión de la literatura con el fin de resaltar cada etapa de transformación de nitrógeno en la producción avícola, explicando los mecanismos de conversión desde la ingestión de proteína cruda hasta la volatilización en la atmósfera como gas de amoníaco. En resumen, estos pasos son: síntesis de ácido úrico y excreción por las aves de corral; mineralización de nitrógeno presente en excretas; volatilización de amoniaco de la basura. De esta revisión, queda claro la importancia de conocer las fuentes y los procesos involucrados en la generación y emisión de amoníaco en las aves de corral y, por lo tanto, adoptar medidas asertivas que puedan minimizar los impactos negativos causados por la emisión de amoníaco.

Abstract Air quality is a major factor in intensive livestock management because air is the main vehicle for the dissemination of physical, chemical, and biological agents that affect the health and welfare of animals and humans. Ammonia is the main gaseous pollutant generated in poultry production. In this study, a literature review was conducted to highlight each nitrogen transformation stage during poultry production, while explaining the conversion mechanisms from the ingestion of crude protein to nitrogen volatilization into the atmosphere as ammonia gas. In summary, the steps for the synthesis of uric acid and the excretion of poultry, mineralization of nitrogen present in excreta, and volatilization of ammonia from litter are presented. Based on this review, the importance of understanding the sources and processes involved in ammonia generation and emission in poultry production is clear, thereby allowing the adoption of assertive measures that could minimize negative effects caused by ammonia emission.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the anaerobic digestion response of laying hen manure with different inclusion levels of biochar in batch reactors as measured by physicochemical parameters, biogas production and digestate quality. Four levels of biochar inclusions (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%) were tested with 3 replicates each. Twelve two-liter anaerobic batch reactors were used for 86 days at 35°C. Substrate and digestate of each treatment were assessed for monitored parameters, biogas production and digestate quality. Increased levels (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%) of biochar were found to gradually reduce total ammonia nitrogen (1794.33, 140.84, 950.81 and 509.32 mg.L-1, respectively). Despite the positive effect of biochar to accelerate initial biogas production, its use at any inclusion rate did not contribute significantly to biogas production in terms of biogas yield or digestate quality as compared to control treatment.

Abstract Self-regulation -a core aspect of adaptive human behavior- is linked to developing healthy social and emotional skills, during childhood. Thus, different intervention studies on self-regulation in child population were developed worldwide. In general, these studies employ one of two basic approaches: Processes-based or school curriculum-based. In Argentina, there are research groups about the topic, but there is not a registry with information about all of them. For these reasons, this systematic review is aimed to relieve, to synthesize and to evaluate the impact of intervention programs (taking into account both approaches) which have been implemented in Argentina, in preschoolers and elementary school student. Among main results the prevalence of analysis of near short-term transfer effects, positive results in populations with and without unsatisfied needs, and difficulties in the intervention context are highlighted. We discuss about the importance of new conditions and politics for self-regulation interventions.

Resumen La autorregulación resulta fundamental para el comportamiento adaptativo, vinculándose en la infancia con el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, emocionales y cognitivas. En el mundo, se registran estudios de intervención en autorregulación en población infantil, generalmente, asumiendo uno de dos enfoques: basado en procesos o en el currículo escolar. En Argentina existen grupos de investigación sobre la temática, pero no un registro que reúna y compare sistemáticamente sus iniciativas. Consecuentemente, este trabajo se propuso mediante una revisión sistemática, relevar, sintetizar y evaluar el impacto de los programas de intervención (considerando ambos enfoques) implementados en Argentina, en niños de educación inicial y primaria. Como resultados se destacan: prevalencia del análisis de los efectos sobre la transferencia cercana a corto plazo; resultados positivos en población con y sin necesidades insatisfechas; y dificultades en el contexto de intervención. Se discute sobre la importancia de generar nuevas condiciones y políticas para la intervención en autorregulación.

ABSTRACT Neonatal screening for innate metabolism disorders was instituted more than 50 years ago. In Latin America, countries like Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile, Brazil, and Colombia have implemented this public health measurement in a sustained fashion. Technology for detecting these conditions has been steadily progressing, achieving a good cost/effectiveness ratio, so access for such test is practically universal. Intracellular cobalamin metabolism disorders constitute a heterogeneous group that is subdivided in three biochemical phenotypes. We report the first patient in Peru with a late diagnosis of a homozygous c.394 C>T variant in the MMACHC gene, which belongs to the cbIC complementation group, which leads to methyl-malonic aciduria and homocystinuria, characterized by low height, retardation of psychomotor development, seizures, megaloblastic anemia, and variable thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Also, homocysteine levels are high, there is methyl-malonic academia, and there is a paradoxical vitamin B12 increase in peripheral blood. This paper emphasizes the importance of making a timely diagnosis of potentially treatable conditions, avoiding or reducing the severity of the implied phenotype, with the implementation of new technologies in our country.

RESUMEN El tamizaje neonatal de los errores innatos del metabolismo se instauró hace más de 50 años en el mundo. En Latinoamérica, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile, Brasil y Colombia han implementado esta política de salud pública de manera sostenida. La tecnología para detectar estas enfermedades ha ido progresando con un mejor costo/efectividad, haciendo que sea de acceso casi universal. Los trastornos del metabolismo intracelular de la cobalamina es un grupo heterogéneo clasificados en tres fenotipos bioquímicos. Reportamos al primer paciente en Perú con diagnóstico tardío de una variante homocigota c.394 C>T en el gen MMACHC, el cual pertenece al grupo de complementación cblC el cual produce aciduria metilmalónica y homocistinuria, caracterizado por talla baja, hipotonía, retraso del desarrollo psicomotor, convulsiones, anemia megaloblástica, trombocitopenia y neutropenia ondulantes; con homocisteína elevada, acidemia metilmalónica, y contradictoriamente aumento de vitamina B12 en sangre. Es importante el diagnóstico oportuno de enfermedades potencialmente tratables, evitando o disminuyendo la severidad del fenotipo, a través de la implementación de nuevas tecnologías en nuestro país.

RESUMO O monitoramento ambiental em instalações animais, que inclui o armazenamento de dados coletados de forma robusta, prática e viável, é um desafio constante. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um data logger confiável para monitorar a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar dos aviários e avaliar a adequação do projeto usando instrumentos padrão de referência comercialmente disponíveis. O data logger experimental foi instalado junto com um data logger comercial, um termômetro de mercúrio e uma sonda de umidade relativa do ar calibrada Vaisala HMP110 em um abrigo meteorológico. A análise de regressão linear foi realizada com a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar coletadas, para desenvolver equações de calibração. O índice Nash-Sutcliffe e o erro relativo foram calculados para validar o data logger experimental. As equações de calibração de temperatura do ar e de umidade relativa do ar apresentaram Nash-Sutcliffe de 0,993 e -0,281 para o data logger comercial e, 0,913 e 0,932 para o data logger experimental. O erro relativo médio das leituras de temperatura do ar foi de 3 e 1% e da umidade relativa do ar 5 e 20%, para o data logger experimental e comercial, respectivamente. O data logger experimental armazenou de forma confiável todos os dados coletados, sem erro, no cartão micro-SD. O data logger experimental pode ser considerado de baixo custo e suficientemente preciso para monitoramento da temperatura do ar e da umidade relativa do ar em aviários, apresentando desempenho de campo muito próximo ao data logger comercial para medição da temperatura do ar e melhor desempenho que o data logger comercial para medição da umidade relativa do ar.

ABSTRACT The environmental monitoring in animal facilities that includes collected data storage in a robust, practical and feasible way is a constant challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable data logger for monitoring the air temperature and air relative humidity of aviaries and to assess the adequacy of the design using commercially available reference standard instruments. The experimental data logger was installed together with a commercial data logger, a mercury thermometer and a calibrated Vaisala HMP110 air relative humidity probe in a meteorological shelter. Linear regression analysis was performed with the collected air temperature and air relative humidity to develop calibration equations. The Nash-Sutcliffe Index and the relative error were calculated to validate the experimental data logger. The air temperature and the air relative humidity calibration equations presented Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.993 and -0.281 for the commercial data logger, and 0.913 and 0.932 for the experimental data. The mean relative error of the air temperature readings was 3 and 1% and for air relative humidity 5 and 20%, for the experimental and commercial logger, respectively. The experimental data logger reliably stored all collected data without error to the micro-SD card. The experimental data logger can be considered low-cost and sufficiently accurate for monitoring air temperature and air relative humidity in aviaries, presenting field performance very close to the commercial data logger for air temperature measurement, and better performance than the commercial data logger for the measurement of air relative humidity.

Abstract We present a new criterion, based on commutator methods, for the strong mixing property of unitary representations of topological groups equipped with a proper length function. Our result generalises and unifies recent results on the strong mixing property of discrete flows {Uᴺ}N∈ℤ and continuous flows {e-itH}t∈ℝ induced by unitary operators U and self-adjoint operators H in a Hilbert space. As an application, we present a short alternative proof (not using convolutions) of the strong mixing property of the left regular representation of σ-compact locally compact groups.

Resumen Presentamos un nuevo criterio, basado en métodos de conmutadores, para la propiedad de mezcla fuerte de representaciones unitarias de grupos topológicos dotados de una función de longitud propia. Nuestro resultado generaliza y unifica resultados recientes acerca de la propiedad de mezcla fuerte de flujos discretos {Uᴺ}N∈ℤ y flujos continuos {e-itH}t∈ℝ inducidos por operadores unitarios U y operadores auto adjuntos H en un espacio de Hilbert. Como aplicación, presentamos una demostración corta alternativa (sin usar convoluciones) de la propiedad de mezcla fuerte de la representación regular de grupos localmente compactos σ-compactos.

BACKGROUND: Big data analytics (BDA) offers a frontier of opportunities across all industries enabling improvements in marketing, customer service and product development. The adoption process for BDA is often challenging for organisations, given the complexities associated with it. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was hence to understand factors that influence the BDA adoption process in organisations. The technology-organisation-environment framework was combined with factors from a Big Data Adoption model and used as a foundation for the study. METHOD: A case study research strategy was performed on a large telecommunication organisation. Themes were identified which provided rich explanations into the factors influencing the BDA adoption process in organisations. RESULTS: Five technological factors were confirmed to influence the BDA adoption process. These were: (1) relative advantage, (2) complexity, (3) compatibility, (4) trialability and (5) data quality. Four organisational factors were confirmed to influence the BDA adoption process. These were: (1) top management support, (2) human resource expertise, (3) business and information technology (IT) alignment and (4) organisation size. Five environmental factors were confirmed to influence the BDA adoption process. These were: (1) competitive pressure, (2) data privacy, (3) vendor support, (4) IT fashion and (5) regulatory requirements. Two factors were confirmed as influencing an organisations' ability to move from intention to adopt BDA to actual deployment. These were: (1) complexity tolerance and (2) paradigm shifts. CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence that organisations that have a high tolerance for complexity are more likely to move rapidly from intention to adopt BDA to actual deployment and effectively reduce the deployment gap.

Resumen Diferentes estudios indicaron que el aprendizaje de la matemática se asocia con los recursos cognitivos que dispone el estudiantado para afrontar su construcción. Sin embargo, la relación específica de procesos y habilidades cognitivas con la capacidad de cálculo de operaciones de división ha sido escasamente analizada. El objetivo de este artículo empírico es analizar la relación de la capacidad de cálculo de operaciones de división con el rendimiento en memoria de trabajo, inhibición e inteligencia fluida. La muestra fue seleccionada por disponibilidad y estuvo integrada por 135 estudiantes de 4º año del sistema educativo argentino (participantes de 9 y 10 años de edad). Los mismos fueron evaluados dentro de los establecimientos educativos a lo que asistían, durante el horario habitual de clases, a través de diferentes tareas que permitían la medición de tales variables. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes con distinto nivel de desempeño en división diferían entre sí en todas las variables cognitivas estudiadas (a excepción de la inhibición). Este hallazgo muestra que la inteligencia fluida y memoria de trabajo se relacionan con el conocimiento de la división en estudiantes de 4º año de la escolaridad primaria. Asimismo, sugiere que el aprendizaje de esta operación podría facilitarse al considerar las diferencias individuales en estos factores cognitivos durante el diseño y selección de los materiales didácticos y estrategias pedagógicas a utilizar para su enseñanza.

Abstract Different studies have shown a relationship between mathematics learning and cognitive factors; however, the specific link between division and cognitive abilities has been less studied. Previous research has shown that division ability during elementary school years is one of the most important predictors’ factors of general mathematic achievement in high school. Therefore, recognizing the cognitive factors related to division is important to improve mathematic learning in high school. The aim of this study was analyzed the relationship among division, working memory, inhibition and fluid intelligence. The sample was choose by the availability of the participants and it was integrated by 135 4th grade students (ages: 9- 10) from the Argentine educational system. They were assessed inside their school during regular classes schedule using different task. The results indicate that the students with different level in the division achievement diverge between them in the cognitive variables studied (inhibition was an exception).This conclusion showed that students’ differences in division achievement were related to working memory and fluid intelligence. Those findings show a relation between intelligence and working memory and suggest that division learning could be improved by considering individual differences on those cognitive factors.

BACKGROUND Human trichinellosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected with nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. In the USA, sporadic cases and outbreaks caused by the consumption of wild game meat infected with Trichinella have been reported. The current methods for diagnosis such as serology and microscopy are not specific, may result in false negative results, and cannot differentiate encapsulated Trichinella larvae to species level. The molecular protocols currently available for the differentiation of all encapsulate Trichinella species prevalent in North America have some limitations such as the inability to identify and resolve the presence of several Trichinella species in a single test. OBJECTIVES/METHODS In this study we developed and evaluated a multiplex TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, which can simultaneously detect, identify and differentiate all species of encapsulated Trichinella occurring in North America i.e., T. nativa, T. spiralis, T. murrelli and Trichinella T6, even in cases of multiple infection in a single sample. We investigated two human biopsies and 35 wild animal meat samples considered as having a high likelihood of harboring Trichinella larvae obtained from the United States during 2009-2017. FINDINGS Using the multiplex assay describe here, 22 (59%) samples that tested positive contained Trichinella spp., were identified as: T. nativa (n = 7, including a human biopsy), T. spiralis (n = 9, including a human biopsy), T. murrelli (n = 3), Trichinella T6 (n = 1). Results also included two rare mixed infection cases in bears, a T. nativa/T. spiralis from Alaska and a T. spiralis/Trichinella T6 from California. The species identifications were confirmed using a conventional PCR targeting the rRNA ITS1-ITS2 region, followed by DNA sequencing analysis. The estimated limit of detection (LOD) was approximately seven larvae per gram of meat. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of Trichinella spp. is needed to improve efforts on identification of case, optimize food safety control and better understand the geographic distribution of Trichinella species. The Trichinella qPCR multiplex proved to be a robust, easy to perform assay and is presented as an improved technique for identification of all known encapsulated species occurring in North America continent.

The field of research in emotions has grown considerably, and its evaluation has become one of the main objectives of research in contemporary psychology. However, the measurement of emotions presents a set of difficulties, some more general and shared with other psychological constructs, and others of a specific nature, specific to the field of study. In this paper, we analyze the methodological aspects of research in emotions, the selection of stimuli that elicit emotions and the differences associated with age. Based on this analysis, an integrative approach is proposed to the discrete and dimensional models of emotions and the use of different measurement tools to be able to record the different levels of emotional response. In addition, we propose the use of standardized visual stimulus bases as a more efficient tool to elicit emotions, and the need to have an extensive and appropriate basis for working with children. Finally, ethical aspects are taken into account both for the procedure and for the selection of emotional stimuli in children.

El campo de la investigación en emociones ha crecido considerablemente, y su evaluación se ha convertido en uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación en la psicología contemporánea. Sin embargo, la medición de las emociones presenta un conjunto de dificultades, algunas de carácter más general y compartidas con otros constructos psicológicos, y otras de naturaleza específica, propias del campo de estudio. En este trabajo se analizan los aspectos metodológicos de la investigación en emociones, la selección de estímulos elicitadores de emociones y las diferencias asociadas a la edad. Sobre la base de este análisis se plantea un enfoque integrador de los modelos discreto y dimensional de las emociones y la utilización de diferentes herramientas de medición para poder registrar los distintos niveles de la respuesta emocional. Además, se propone la utilización de bases de estímulos visuales estandarizadas como herramienta más eficiente para elicitar emociones, y la necesidad de contar con una base extensa y apropiada para el trabajo con población infantil. Finalmente se toman en cuenta aspectos éticos tanto para el procedimiento como para la selección de estímulos emocionales en niños.