O foco deste trabalho foi o estudo da influência do tamanho de grão austenítico na qualidade superficial durante o processo de micro fresamento de aços endurecidos. Corpos de prova com durezas de 46 HRC e com diferentes tamanhos de grão foram fresados com micro fresas de topo com 0,5 mm de diâmetro. Nos testes experimentais foram empregadas duas velocidades de corte e dois avanços por dente. Os resultados foram analisados empregando-se uma análise de variância e demonstraram que a velocidade de corte e o avanço não tiveram influência no comportamento da rugosidade considerando os parâmetros Ra e Rz. Dessa forma, pode-se observar que o fator mais importante foi o tamanho de grão que influenciou significativamente os valores de rugosidade Ra e Rz. Além disso, observou-se também que a interação das variáveis de entrada não demonstrou influência significativa sobre as respostas rugosidade Ra e Rz.

The focus of this work was to study the influence of austenite grain size in the surface finish during micro milling of hardened steels. Work pieces with hardness of 46 HRC and different grain sizes were milled with micro end mills with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The experimental tests were carried out with two cutting speeds and two feed rates. The results were evaluated using an analysis of variance, and they demonstrated that the cutting speed and the feed rate have no influence on the responses surface roughness Ra and Rz. Thus, it could be observed that the most important factor was the grain size that influenced the roughness Ra and Rz, significantly. Moreover, it was also observed that the interaction of input parameters did not show significant influence on the response surface roughness Ra and Rz.

The development of new materials based on industrial wastes has been the focus of much research for a sustainable world. The growing demand for tyres has been every year exacerbating environmental problems due to indiscriminate disposal in the nature, making a potentially harmful waste to public health. The incorporation of rubber particles from scrap tyres into polymeric composites has achieved high toughness and moderate mechanical properties. This work investigates the geometric effects (thickness, width and internal cell angle) of auxetic structures made of recycled rubber composites based on experimental and numerical data. The response surface models integrated with the swarm intelligence and finite element analysis were proposed in order to obtain a range of solutions that provides useful information to the user during the selection of geometric parameters for reentrant cells. The results revealed the cell thickness ranges from 39-40 mm and 5.98-6 mm, and the cell angle range from -0.01 to -0.06º maximize the ultimate strength. The same parameters were able to optimize the modulus of elasticity of rubber auxetic structures, excepting for the angle factor which must be set between -30º and 27.7º. The optimal Poisson's ratio was found when the cell angle ranged from -30º to -28.5º, cell width ranged from 5-5.6 mm and 2 mm in thickness.