Abstract The recovery of agroindustry byproducts can bring opportunities for the development of new products. The objective of this study was to characterize chemical compounds contents in the byproducts generated during winemaking from different grape varieties cultivated in Vale do São Francisco, Brazil. The grapes and their byproducts (skins and seeds) from four wineries (w1, w2, w3 and w4) were evaluated. The varieties studied were: Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Moscato Canelli, Italia, Arinto+Fernão Pires, Tempranillo, Grenache, Mourvèdre, Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc, used in the processing of white/sparkling wines, and also Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Alicante Bouschet, used in the processing of red wines. High ascorbic acid contents were found in the skin and seed byproducts, the latter also presenting high protein and pectin contents. The skin byproduct obtained in the process of elaborating white/sparkling wines from ‘Tempranillo’ grapes presented relatively higher ascorbic acid, pectin and protein contents. In the elaboration of red wines by w1, the ‘Syrah’ skin byproduct showed high ascorbic acid, soluble solids, sugars and protein contents. The seed byproduct from the ‘Syrah’ grapes used to elaborate red wines by w1 showed a more favorable composition for reuse, as did those of red wines of ‘Tempranillo’ grapes from w3.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a qualidade e o teor de compostos bioativos dos frutos de 22 acessos estrangeiros de mangueira, pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiárido. Sessenta frutos de cada um dos acessos Florigon, Haden, 65, Irwin, M 13269, Momi-K, Scuper Many, Simmonds, Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke, Winter, Zill, Amrapali, Olour, Aplle DCG 406, Mon Amon DCG 407, Black Java, Kensington, Chené, Manila, Manzanillo e Maya foram colhidos quando atingiram a maturidade fisiológica, sendo a metade analisada no dia da colheita e a outra metade armazenada, sob temperatura ambiente (25,4 ± 2,9 ºC e 41 ± 9% UR), para completar o amadurecimento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 22 x 2 (acesso x estádio de maturação), com três repetições de dez frutos. Os acessos Chené, Momi-K e Van Dyke destacaram-se quanto aos atributos físicos peso, comprimento, diâmetro e firmeza da polpa e pela boa conservação pós-colheita. O acesso Amrapali diferenciou-se pelos elevados teores de sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, amido, ácido ascórbico e carotenoides, sugerindo alto potencial para inserção em programa de melhoramento genético orientado para a qualidade da manga.

The aim of this study was to characterise the quality and levels of bioactive compounds in the fruit of 22 foreign accessions of the mango belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Semiárido. Sixty fruits from each of the accessions: Florigon, Haden, 65, Irwin, M 13269, Momi-K, Scuper Many, Simmonds, Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke, Winter, Zill, Amrapali, Olour, Aplle DCG 406, Mon Amon DCG 407, Black Java, Kensington, Chené, Manila, Manzanillo and Maya, were harvested upon reaching physiological maturity, one half being analysed when harvested and the other half stored at ambient temperature (25.4 ± 2.9 ºC and 41 ± 9% RH) until ripe. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 22 x 2 factorial (accession x maturity stage), with three replications of ten fruits. The accessions Chene, Momi-K and Van Dyke stood out for their physical attributes: weight, length, diameter and firmness of pulp, and for their good post-harvest conservation. The accession Amrapali was different because of its high levels of soluble solids, total soluble sugars, starch, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, suggesting a high potential for insertion into a breeding program aimed at the quality of the mango.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a maturação e a qualidade das uvas das cultivares Isabel Precoce e BRS Cora, enxertadas sobre 'IAC 572', para a determinação do ponto de colheita. O experimento foi realizado no Vale do Submédio São Francisco, nos ciclos de produção de novembro de 2009 a março de 2010 e de junho a setembro de 2010, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições constituídas por cinco cachos. Os cachos foram coletados, periodicamente, a partir do início da maturação, que correspondeu, na 'Isabel Precoce', aos 54, 61, 68, 71, 74 e 77 dias após a frutificação (DAF), no primeiro ciclo, e aos 49, 56, 63, 67, 71, 74 e 77 DAF, no segundo. Na 'BRS Cora', os cachos foram coletados aos 61, 68, 71, 74, 77 e 82 DAF, no primeiro ciclo, e aos 53, 60, 65, 70, 74 e 78 DAF, no segundo. As uvas de 'BRS Cora' são mais ácidas do que as de 'Isabel Precoce'; porém, apresentam maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e de açúcares solúveis. O ponto de colheita da 'Isabel Precoce' ocorreu aos 77 DAF, em ambos os períodos de produção; na 'BRS Cora', ocorreu aos 82 DAF, no primeiro semestre, e foi antecipado em quatro dias no segundo.

The objective of this work was to characterize the maturation and the grape quality of the cultivars Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora, grafted onto 'IAC 572' rootstock, in order to determine harvest time. The experiment was carried out in the Submédio São Francisco river basin, Brazil, during the production cycles from November 2009 to March 2010 and from June to September 2010, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates constituted by five bunches. The bunches were periodically collected from the beginning of the maturation, which for 'Isabel Precoce' grapes corresponded to 54, 61, 68, 71, 74, and 77 days after fruit set (DAF), in the first cycle, and to 49, 56, 63, 67, 71, 74, and 77 DAF, in the second one. For 'BRS Cora', the bunches were collected at 61, 68, 71, 74, 77, and 82 DAF, in the first cycle, and at 53, 60, 65, 70, 74, and 78 DAF, in the second cycle. The 'BRS Cora' grapes are more acid than the 'Isabel Precoce' ones; however, they show the highest contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar. The harvest time for 'Isabel Precoce' grapes occurred at 77 DAF in both productive periods; for 'BRS Cora' grapes, it occurred at 82 DAF, in the first semester, and it was anticipated by four days in the second one.

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de recobrimentos à base de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) e dextrina em manga 'Tommy Atkins' armazenada durante zero, dez e 20 dias sob refrigeração (12,4±3,1°C e 72±12% UR) e, posteriormente, submetida às condições de ambiente (20,3±3,0°C e 40±7% UR) por três, seis, oito e nove dias. Os recobrimentos CMC 1,0% + dextrina 0,2%, CMC 0,8% + dextrina 0,5% e CMC 0,5%+dextrina 1,0% foram comparados ao controle. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4x7 (recobrimento x tempo de armazenamento), com quatro repetições compostas por três frutos. A aplicação de CMC 1,0% + dextrina 0,2% ou CMC 0,8% + dextrina 0,5% retardou o acúmulo de sólidos solúveis, a redução da acidez titulável e a evolução da cor da casca, com incremento no brilho superficial dos frutos, o que garantiu melhor aparência. Os efeitos indicam atraso da maturação, sendo mais evidentes no tratamento CMC 0,8% + dextrina 0,5%.

It was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of coatings based on carboximethyl cellulose (CMC) and dextrin applied in 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruit stored for zero, ten and 20 days under refrigeration (12.4±3.1°C and 72±12% RH) and, after this period, submitted to ambient conditions (20.3±3.0°C and 40±7% RH) for three, six, eight and nine days. The CMC 1.0% + dextrin 0.2%, CMC 0.8% + dextrin 0.5% and CMC 0.5% + dextrin 1.0% coatings were compared to the control. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial 4x7 (coating x storage time), with four replicates constituted by three fruits. The application of CMC 1.0% + dextrin 0.2% or CMC 0.8% + dextrin 0.5% delayed the soluble solids accumulation, the titratable acidity reduction and the skin color evolution, increasing fruit brightness that ensured a better appearance. The responses indicate a delay on maturation that was more evident on CMC 0.8% + dextrin 0.5% treatment.

Este trabalho avaliou a qualidade de manga 'Tommy Atkins', colhida em estádio de maturação 2, após a aplicação de revestimentos com diferentes concentrações de dextrina associadas ou não a fonte lipídica. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, os tratamentos consistiram em: aplicação de revestimento (controle; 1,5% de dextrina; 1,5% de dextrina + 0,4% de óleo-de-girassol; 3,0% de dextrina e 3,0% de dextrina + 0,4% de óleo-de-girassol) e armazenamento durante 0; 10 e 20 dias sob refrigeração (11,7±3,1ºC e 79±8% UR), seguido de 3; 6 e 8 dias em temperatura ambiente (21,3±2,6ºC e 48±8% UR). No segundo experimento, foram estudados os revestimentos: controle e soluções aquosas de 2; 3 e 4% de dextrina, contendo óleo-de-girassol a 0,4%. Após a aplicação, as frutas foram armazenadas sob refrigeração (11,7±3,1ºC e 87±6% UR) para avaliação aos 0; 10 e 20 dias, ao final dos quais foram transferidas para temperatura ambiente (23,1±2,1ºC e 56±7% UR) por mais 3; 6; 8 e 10 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos dois estudos foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial, com quatro repetições. O uso dos revestimentos reduziu a perda de massa das frutas, sendo que a concentração de 2% contendo óleo-de-girassol atrasou a maturação, observando-se limitação da perda de firmeza e da degradação de ácidos orgânicos, atraso no aumento do conteúdo de substâncias pécticas e preservação da aparência, formando película uniforme a olho nu.

This study evaluated the quality of 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruit harvested at maturity stage 2 after coating application with different dextrin concentrations associated or not to a lipid substance. Two experiments were carried out: in the first one, the treatments consisted of coating application (control; dextrin 1.5%; dextrin 1.5% + sunflower oil 0.4%; dextrin 3.0%, and dextrin 3.0% + sunflower oil 0.4%) and storage for 0, 10 and 20 days under refrigeration (11.7±3.1ºC and 79±8% RH), followed by 3, 6 and 8 days at room temperature (21.3±2.6ºC and 48±8% RH). In the second experiment, control and coatings with aqueous solutions of dextrin 2, 3 and 4%, containing sunflower oil 0.4%, were studied. After the application, the fruits were stored under refrigeration (11.7±3.1ºC and 87±6% RH) for evaluation for 0, 10 and 20 days, when they were transferred to room temperature (23.1±2.1ºC and 56±7% RH) for 3, 6, 8 and 10 days. A completely random design was used in a factorial scheme, with four replicates. The use of coatings reduced fruit weight loss but only dextrin 2% with sunflower oil delayed the maturation, showing limitation on firmness loss and organic acids breakdown, delay on the increase of pectic substances content and preservation of fruit appearance, with a uniform visible film.