RESUMO O câncer de pulmão é um dos tipos de câncer com maior incidência e uma das principais causas de mortalidade por câncer no Brasil. Revisamos a situação atual do câncer de pulmão por meio de pesquisa de dados relevantes a respeito de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento no país. Esta revisão mostra várias questões que precisam de atenção, tais como controle do tabagismo, educação dos pacientes, desconhecimento por parte dos pacientes, diagnóstico tardio e desigualdade de acesso ao tratamento de câncer no Brasil. Propomos estratégias para ajudar a superar essas limitações e desafiamos os profissionais de saúde, a sociedade e os representantes do governo a trabalhar em conjunto e dar um passo à frente na luta contra o câncer de pulmão.

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the most incident types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Brazil. We reviewed the current status of lung cancer by searching relevant data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the country. This review highlights several issues that need to be addressed, including smoking control, patient lack of awareness, late diagnosis, and disparities in the access to cancer health care facilities in Brazil. We propose strategies to help overcome these limitations and challenge health care providers, as well as the society and governmental representatives, to work together and to take a step forward in fighting lung cancer.

AbstractSome publications have described the pharmacological properties of latices proteins. Thus, in the present study proteins from Plumeria pudica Jacq., Apocynaceae, latex were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Obtained data showed that an intraperitoneal administration of different doses of latex was able to reduce the paw edema induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner (better dose 40 mg/kg; 72.7% inhibition at 3rd and 78.7% at 4th hour) and the edema induced by dextran (40 mg/kg; 51.5% inhibition at 30 min and 93.0% at 1st hour). Inhibition of edema induced by carrageenan was accompanied by a reduction of myeloperoxidase activity. Pre-treating animals with latex (40 mg/kg) also inhibited the paw edema induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandin E2, compound 48/80. Additionally, the latex (40 mg/kg) reduced the leukocyte peritoneal migration induced by carrageenan and this event was followed by reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid. The latex-treatment (40 mg/kg) reduced the animal abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid and the first phase on paw licking model induced by formalin. When latex was treated with heat (at 100 °C for 30 min), anti-edematogenic and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly reduced, indicating the involvement of heat-sensitive proteins on anti-inflammatory effect. Our results evidence that latex fluids are a source of proteins with pharmacological properties.

PURPOSE: To study the anti-inflammatory actions of electroacupuncture (EAc) on an experimental colitis model in mice. METHODS: Thirty-eight male Swiss mice, divided in five groups, were subjected to induction of colitis by TNBS in 50% ethanol. Saline (SAL) and ethanol (ETNL) groups served as controls. TNBS+EAc and TNBS+ dexamethasone subgroups were treated with EAc 100Hz and dexamethasone (DEXA) 1 mg/Kg/day, respectively. After three days, a colon segment was obtained for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, immunohistochemistry for iNOS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10). RESULTS: Neutrophilic activity, assayed as MPO activity, was significantly higher in the TNBS colitis group than that in the saline control group. TNBS+EAc group showed suppression of IL-10 in the colon. EAc treatment significantly reduced the concentration of MDA and the expression of iNOS, as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture 100Hz applied to acupoint ST-36 promotes an anti-inflammatory action on the TNBS-induced colitis, mediated by increase of IL-10 and decrease of iNOS expression.

PURPOSE: To investigate E-cadherin immunoexpression during cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL - 52 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix (23 cases) and also in eight cases of cervicitis. RESULTS: The results show very different E-cadherin membrane expression levels when cervicitis (88%), SILs (73%) and SCC (17%) were compared. In SILs, higher E-cadherin loss was seen in less differentiated cells in the basal third of the epithelium. This study suggests that the absence of E-cadherin expression in the membrane is a molecular event that is observed more often in SCC of the uterine cervix than in SILs or cervicitis. CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin is an essential molecule during the process of cervical carcinogenesis and in this context exhibits a different expression pattern according to the epithelial thickness layer.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the clinical correlation between angiographic coronary atherosclerosis and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide along with other known correlated factors.METHODS:In total, 153 patients with a diagnostic hypothesis of stable angina, unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction were classified as group A (patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries) or group B (patients with angiographic coronary atherosclerosis). The two groups were analyzed with respect to the following factors: gender, age, body mass index, abdominal circumference, smoking, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, early family history of atherosclerosis, statin use, the presence of metabolic syndrome, clinical presentation and biochemical factors, including cholesterol, creatinine and fibrinogen plasma concentrations, monocyte counts and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.RESULTS:Univariate analyses comparing the two groups revealed that group B patients more frequently had diabetes, used statins and had systolic dysfunction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels ≥250 pg/mL, fibrinogen levels >500 mg/dL and ≥501 monocytes/mm3 compared with group A patients (p<0.05). Nevertheless, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent predictors of angiographic coronary atherosclerosis were an N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level ≥250 pg/mL, diabetes mellitus and increased monocyte numbers and fibrinogen plasma concentration, regardless of the creatinine level or the presence of systolic dysfunction.CONCLUSIONS:An N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentration of ≥250 pg/mL is an independent predictor of angiographic coronary atherosclerosis.

Objective: Despite the recognized anti-inflammatory potential of heterocyclic antidepressants, the mechanisms concerning their modulating effects are not completely known. Thus, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of amitriptyline, clomipramine, and maprotiline and the possible modulating properties of these drugs on neutrophil migration and mast cell degranulation. Methods: The hind paw edema and air-pouch models of inflammation were used. Male Wistar rats were treated with saline, amitriptyline, clomipramine or maprotiline (10, 30, or 90 mg/kg, per os [p.o.]) 1 h before the injection of carrageenan (300 μg/0.1 mL/paw) or dextran (500 μg/0.1 mL/paw). Then, edema formation was measured hourly. Neutrophil migration to carrageenan (500 μg/pouch) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (10-6 M/mL/pouch) was also investigated in 6-day-old air-pouch cavities. Compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation was assessed in the mesenteric tissues of antidepressant-treated rats. Results: All tested antidepressants prevented both carrageenan- and dextran-induced edema. The anti-inflammatory effect of these drugs partially depends on the modulation of neutrophil migration, since they significantly counteracted the chemotactic response of both carrageenan and fMLP (p < 0.01). Furthermore, amitriptyline, clomipramine and maprotiline inhibited compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest an important anti-inflammatory role of heterocyclic antidepressants, which is dependent on the modulation of neutrophil migration and mast cell stabilization.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) quando submetidos ao exercício resistido (ER) apresentam substancial melhorias de muitas funções, em especial os relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, respiratório, muscular e na qualidade de vida (QV). Não existem avaliações do impacto de exercício simples e factíveis em pacientes com DRC associada ao Diabetes Mellitus (DM) durante o período intradialítico. OBJETIVO: Estudar o papel do exercício resistido no tratamento e na qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise crônica (HD). Assim, submetemos pacientes com DRC e DM ao ER durante a hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes em cada grupo: 1: DM com DRC submetidos ao ER; 2: DM com DRC sedentários; 3: DRC e ER e, 4: DRC sedentários. Avaliações durante oito semanas, com ER três vezes na semana. Avaliação laboratorial, teste de força muscular (FM) e QV (SF-36). RESULTADOS: O ER induziu melhoria na glicemia e na FM com discretas, mas significantes alterações na uréia e, K (p < 0,0001). Foi de impacto a melhoria na avaliação dos parâmetros de QV (p < 0,001) com o ER, como a Capacidade Funcional, o Aspecto Físico, redução das Dores (de uma maneira geral), Saúde Geral, Vitalidade, a Função Social, Estado Emocional e na Saúde Mental. Conclusão: O programa de ER (simples e factível) no período intradialítico alterou parâmetros clínicos, na FM e uma significante melhoria na avaliação da QV. O impacto na QV foi importante para o paciente, inclusive envolvendo melhoria em nível familiar e de relacionamento social quando submetidos ao ER.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when subjected to resistance exercise (RE) show substantial improvements in many functions, especially those related to the cardiovascular system, respiratory, muscular and quality of life (QOL). There are no evaluations of the impact of exercise simple and feasible in patients with CKD associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) during the intradialytic period. Thus, patients with CKD and submit to the DM + RE during hemodialysis. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of resistance exercise in the treatment and quality of life in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: 15 patients in each group: 1: DM with CKD and RE; 2: DM + CKD sedentary; 3: CKD + RE and 4: DRC sedentary. They were evaluated during eight weeks, with RE three times a week. Parameters: Laboratory assessments, muscle strength testing (FM) and QV (SF-36). RESULTS: RE induced improvement in glucose and FM with subtle but significant changes in urea, or even in the K (p < 0.0001). It was an improvement in the impact assessment of QOL parameters (p < 0.001) with the RE, such as Functional Capacity, Physical Aspect, Reduction of Pain (in general), General Health, Vitality, Social Function, Emotional State and Mental Health. CONCLUSION: The RE program (simple and feasible) during intradialytic clinical parameters changed FM and a significant improvement in QOL assessment were observed. The impact on QOL was important for the patient, including those involving improvement in level of family and social relationships when subjected to RE.

CONTEXTO: Metotrexato e outros agentes anticâncer podem induzir uma mucosite intestinal, que é um dos fatores de limitante mais comum que limitam o aumento escalonado da dose do metotrexato. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito gastrointestinal de líquidos na mucosite intestinal induzida por metotrexato. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar, receberam metotrexato (2.5 mg/kg/dia por 3 dias, subcutâneo) ou salina. Após 1, 3 ou 7 dias, secções do duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram retirados para análise morfométrica e dosagem da atividade de mieloperoxidase (marcador bioquímico da infiltração de neutrófilos). Outros ratos foram pré-tratados com metotrexato ou salina, após 3 ou 7 dias, foram alimentados mediante gavagem com uma refeição teste e sacrificados após 10, 20 e 30 minutos. As retenções fracionais do corante no estômago e em três segmentos do intestino delgado foram determinados por espectrofotometria. RESULTADOS: Após 3 dias do metotrexato, houve lesão do epitélio intestinal em todos os segmentos, com aumento da atividade de mieloperoxidase, no duodeno e íleo. Sete dias após o metotrexato, foi observada completa reversão da lesão intestinal. Observou-se ainda retardo no esvaziamento gástrico após 10 min, 20 min e 30 min, após 3 dias, mas não após 7 dias do tratamento com metotrexato. A retenção fracional dos segmentos do intestino foi reduzida no primeiro e segundo segmentos após 10 min, e no terceiro segmento após 30 min da administração da refeição, somente 3 dias após o tratamento com metotrexato. CONCLUSÃO: A mucosite intestinal induzida por metotrexato retarda o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito gastrointestinal de líquidos em ratos acordados.

CONTEXT: Methotrexate and other anticancer agents can induce intestinal mucositis, which is one of the most common limiting factor that prevent further dose escalation of the methotrexate. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit of liquids in methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis. METHODS: Wistar rats received methotrexate (2.5 mg/kg/day for 3 days, subcutaneously) or saline. After 1, 3 and 7 days, sections of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were removed for assessment of epithelial damage and myeloperoxidase activity (biochemical marker of granulocyte infiltration). Others rats were pre-treated with methotrexate or saline, gavage-fed after 3 or 7 days with a standard test liquid meal, and sacrificed 10, 20 or 30-min later. Gastric and small intestine dye recoveries were measured by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: After 3 days of methotrexate, there was an epithelial intestinal damage in all segments, with myeloperoxidase activity increase in both in duodenum and ileum. Seven days after methotrexate, we observed a complete reversion of this intestinal damage. There was an increase in gastric dye recoveries after 10, 20, and 30-min post-prandial intervals after 3 days, but not after 7 days, of methotrexate. Intestine dye recoveries were decreased in the first and second segments at 10 min, in the third at 20 min, and in the second and third at 30 min, only after 3 days of methotrexate treatment. CONCLUSION: Methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis delays gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit of liquids in awake rats.

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o relacionamento dos recursos da organização quanto ao seu comportamento estratégico na percepção dos gestores das lojas de material de construção. Para tanto, aborda a teoria de recursos, a partir da RBV (Resource-based View), e a tipologia de Miles e Snow (1978), na determinação do comportamento estratégico das organizações. Com a finalidade de atingir o objetivo proposto utilizou-se uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa foi exploratória, utilizando focus group e a quantitativa descritiva, a partir de uma survey. Os resultados, quanto ao comportamento estratégico, indicam que 34,3% das empresas são defensoras, 27,1% são reativas, 20,0% são analistas e 18,6% prospectoras. Com relação às hipóteses propostas, inexistência de diferenças nas capacidades segundo os comportamentos estratégicos, nenhuma mostrou significância estatística. Com Respeito à associação mensurada entre o comportamento estratégico e as capacidades, os prospectores são os que possuem a maior correlação positiva, verificada com as capacidades de administração. Já os reativos são os que apresentam a maior correlação negativa, também com as capacidades de administração. Conclui-se que há ausência de ajuste entre comportamentos estratégicos e os recursos e capacidades, o que pode, segundo a RBV, deixar de gerar vantagem competitiva sustentável.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the organization resources and the strategic behavior from construction material stores viewpoint. The RBV (Resource-Based View) and the Miles and Snow Typology (1978) are used in this study for determining the organization's strategic behavior. A quali-quantitave approach was used. The qualitative study was exploratory making use of the focus group technique and the quantitative descriptive analysis through a survey. The results indicated that, according to the strategic behavior, 34.3% of the organizations are defenders, 27.1% are reactors, 20% are analyzers, and 18.6% are prospectors. With regard to proposed hypothesis, there was no statistically significant capability difference according to the Studying the correlation between strategic behavior and capabilities, one can see that the prospectors are the ones that exhibit the strongest positive correlation according to the management capabilities. On the other hand, the reactors exhibit the strongest negative correlation also according to the management capabilities. One can therefore conclude that there is lack of adjustment between the strategic behavior and the resources and capabilities, which, according to the Resource-Based View, may prevent sustainable competitive advantages.

Cisplatina é um agente quimioterápico frequentemente usado para o tratamento de várias linhagens de neoplasias. A ototoxicidade é um dos efeitos colaterais causadores de significativa morbidade e que limita sua utilização. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o papel da apoptose na ototoxicidade por cisplatina. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Estudo experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar machos foram tratados com cisplatina, via intraperitoneal, nas doses de 24 e 16 mg/kg. Os animais foram avaliados através de emissões otoacústicas evocadas produtos de distorção (EOAPD) ou potenciais auditivos evocados de tronco encefálico (PAETE) no terceiro (D3) e quarto (D4) dias após o início da infusão das drogas. Em seguida suas cócleas foram removidas para estudo de imunoistoquímica para apoptose, método TUNEL. RESULTADOS: O grupo tratado com 24 mg/kg mostrou diminuição significativa da amplitude das EOAPD, fato não observado com a dose de 16 mg/kg. Ambas as doses promoveram aumento do limiar eletrofisiológico pelo PAETE no D3 e D4. A apoptose foi o mecanismo de lesão responsável pela ototoxicidade da cisplatina, dose de 16 mg/kg, quando os animais foram avaliados no D3. CONCLUSÃO: Apoptose pode estar envolvida no mecanismo de ototoxicidade pela cisplatina, na dependência da dose e tempo de avaliação da lesão.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent frequently used to treat different types of neoplasia. Ototoxicity is one of the side-effects which cause significant morbidity and limits its use. This study aimed at assessing the role of apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. DESIGN: experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: male Wistar rats were treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin, in the doses of 24 and 16 mg/kg. The animals were assessed by means of distortion product evoked otoacoustic emissions (DPEOAE) or brainstem evoked auditory potentials (BEAP) in the third (D3) and fourth (D4) days after drug infusion onset. Following that, their cochleas were removed for immunohistochemical studies of apoptosis - TUNEL method. RESULTS: the group treated with 24 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in DPEOAE amplitude, and such fact was not seen with the 16 mg/kg. Both doses caused an increase in BEAP electrophysiological threshold in D3 and D4. Apoptosis was the injury mechanism responsible for the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity - 16 mg/kg dose, when the animals were assessed on D3. CONCLUSION: apoptosis may be involved in the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, depending on the dose and time of injury assessment.

Cisplatina (cisdiaminodicloroplatinum) é um agente quimioterápico usado para o tratamento de várias linhagens de neoplasias, mormente as de cabeça e pescoço. Sua ototoxicidade permanece sendo um dos efeitos colaterais causadores de significativa morbidade e limita sua utilização. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade das emissões otoacústicas evocadas produtos de distorção (EOAPD) e potenciais auditivos evocados de tronco encefálico (PAETE) na detecção da ototoxicidade secundária a diferentes doses e formas de administração de cisplatina em ratos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar machos, administrou-se cisplatina por via intraperitoneal (IP) nas doses de 24 mg/kg, fracionada em três doses diárias ou 16 mg/kg em infusão única. Avaliaram-se os animais através de EOAPD ou PAETE no terceiro (D3) e quarto (D4) dias após o início da infusão das drogas. RESULTADOS: O grupo tratado com 24 mg/kg mostrou diminuição significativa da amplitude das EOAPD e aumento do limiar eletrofisiológico pelo PAETE. A dose de 16 mg/kg não foi capaz de promover redução significativa da amplitude das EOAPD, mas elevou o limiar auditivo dos animais, detectado através de PAETE. CONCLUSÃO: Em ratos, os PAETE foram mais sensíveis que as OEAPD na detecção da ototoxicidade por cisplatina para diferentes doses e formas de administração.

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedicloroplatinum) is an antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, especially head-and-neck cancer. Its ototoxicity, however, has been noted as a common side-effect which limits its use and causes significant morbidity. AIM: to assess distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) sensitivity to detect secondary ototoxicity caused by different doses and means of administration of cisplatin in rats. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 24 mg/kg cisplatin, divided into three equal doses (8mg/kg) or a single i.p. injection of 16 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated by distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) or brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) on the 3rd and 4th days after the cisplatin injection. RESULTS: Treatment with cisplatin 24 mg/kg resulted in significant DPOAE decrease and it raised the BERA electrophysiological threshold. The 16mg/kg dose could not significantly reduce the DPOAE amplitude, but it raised the animals' hearing thresholds - detected by the BERA. CONCLUSION: In rats, BERA was more sensitivity than DPOAE at detecting cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats considering different doses and means of administration.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo foi desenvolver um modelo de tumor de pulmão em rato que permita o teste de fármacos no tratamento deste câncer. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e dois ratos Wistar fêmeas, peso médio de 208±20 g, foram anestesiados com tribromo-etanol 2,5% IP (1ml/100g de rato), traqueostomizados e intubados com cateter ultrafino para injetar células do tumor de Walker. Na 1ª etapa, estabeleceu-se a técnica do implante de células tumorais por via intrabrônquica e o índice de pega tumoral, usando-se de 10(5) a 5×10(5) células. Na 2ª, avaliou-se o volume tumoral e a correlação dos achados obtidos na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução (TCAR) de tórax com os da necropsia e verificou-se a sobrevida. RESULTADOS: O índice de pega foi de 94,7, com o implante de 4×10(5) células do tumor; as medidas do tumor feitas na TCAR e comparadas com as da necropsia foram semelhantes (r=0, 953, p<0,0001); a sobrevida mediana foi de 11 dias; e a mortalidade cirúrgica de 4,8 %. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo mostrou-se viável, com alto índice de pega, mortalidade cirúrgica desprezível, de execução simples e fácil reprodutibilidade. A TCAR revelou alta acurácia no diagnóstico, localização e mensuração das lesões tumorais, credenciando-se para a monitorização de crescimento tumoral nesse modelo.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to develop a rat lung tumor model for anticancer drug testing. METHODS: Sixty-two female Wistar rats weighing 208 ± 20 g were anesthetized intraperitoneally with 2.5% tribromoethanol (1 ml/100 g live weight), tracheotomized and intubated with an ultrafine catheter for inoculation with Walker's tumor cells. In the first step of the experiment, a technique was established for intrabronchial implantation of 10(5) to 5×10(5) tumor cells, and the tumor take rate was determined. The second stage consisted of determining tumor volume, correlating findings from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with findings from necropsia and determining time of survival. RESULTS: The tumor take rate was 94.7% for implants with 4×10(5) tumor cells, HRCT and necropsia findings matched closely (r=0.953; p<0.0001), the median time of survival was 11 days, and surgical mortality was 4.8%. CONCLUSION: The present rat lung tumor model was shown to be feasible: the take rate was high, surgical mortality was negligible and the procedure was simple to perform and easily reproduced. HRCT was found to be a highly accurate tool for tumor diagnosis, localization and measurement and may be recommended for monitoring tumor growth in this model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible protective effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) against ifosfamide (IFS)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Swiss mice (20-30g) were pretreated with rhIL-11 (25-625 mg, subcutaneously.) 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of IFS (400 mg/kg) or with saline (control group). Twelve hours later, HC was evaluated by bladder wet weight (BWW) to quantify edema, Evans blue extravasation (EBE) to measure vascular permeability, and macroscopic and microscopic analysis. All bladders were assessed by histopathological analysis RESULTS: rhIL-11 (at 125 and 625 mg) attenuated the IFS- induced increase of BWW (37.48% and 45.44%, respectively, p < 0.05) and EBE (62.35% and 56.47%, respectively, p < 0.05). IFS- induced macroscopic edema and hemorrhage and microscopic alterations, were also prevented by rhIL-11 at 625 mg. (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a protective effect of rhIL-11 on experimental IFS- induced HC, not previously reported.