RESUMO Analisar o impacto da corrida em diferentes humidade relativa (HR) (normal (53%), muito alto (94%)), estado de hidratação (EH), taxa de transpiração (TT), freqüência cardíaca (FC), esforço percebido (RPE). Quatorze homens (25,2 anos) realizaram duas sessões de corrida em esteira. Massa corporal (HR normal: -1,35%, HR muito alta: -1,65%) e EH reduziram (HR normal: -14,8%, HR muito alta: -20,8%), RPE (HR normal: + 26%, HR muito alta: + 28%), aumento da FC (HR muito alta: + 5.8%: 20-40 min, + 3.1%: 40-60 min, HR normal: + 3%: 20-40 min; + 2.3%: 40-60 min). TT foi significantemente diferente entre HR (HR normal: -14.8%, HR muito alta: -20.8%). Há um impacto negativo na corrida em EH, massa corporal, FC e RPE em homens com HR normal e muito alta, e TT é mais afetada com HR muito alta.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of running in normal relative humidity (RH = 53%) and very high RH (94%) on hydration status (HS), sweating rate (SR), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Fourteen men (25.2 ± 6.6 yrs) performed two sessions of treadmill running. Body mass (normal RH: -1.35%, very high RH: -1.65%) HS (normal RH: -14.8%; very high RH: -20.8%) were reduced while RPE (normal RH: +26%; very high RH: +28%) and HR were increased (very high RH: +5.8%: 20-40 min, +3.1%: 40-60 min, +3%: 20-40 min; +2.3%: 40-60 min for normal RH). As expected, SR was significantly greater during very high RH (-20/8%) compared to normal RH (-14.8%). Running in very high RH at moderate temperature has a greater negative impact on SR, HS, body mass, HR, RPE in men than running in normal RH at the same temperature, which places the runner in greater danger of heat illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las repercusiones de correr con diferentes niveles de humedad relativa (HR) (normal [53%], muy alta [94%]) sobre el estado de hidratación (EH), la tasa de sudoración (TS), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el esfuerzo percibido (EP). Catorce hombres (25,2 ± 6,6 años) realizaron dos sesiones en cinta de correr. La masa corporal (HR normal: -1,35%; HR muy alta: -1,65%) y el EH (HR normal: -14,8%; HR muy alta: -20,8%) se redujeron, mientras que el EP (HR normal: +26%; HR muy alta: +28%) y la FC (HR muy alta: +5,8%: 20-40 min; +3,1%: 40-60 min; HR normal: + 3%: 20-40 min; + 2,3%: 40-60) aumentaron. La TS fue considerablemente diferente entre las HR (HR normal: -14,8%; muy alta HR: -20,8%). Hay repercusiones negativas por correr con una HR muy alta y una temperatura moderada en TS, EH, masa corporal, FC y EP en corredores que corren a una HR normal a la misma temperatura, lo que sitúa a estos en gran peligro de sufrir un enfermedad provocada por el calor, como agotamiento por calor o golpe de calor.

Abstract AIM This study investigated the correlation between post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and chronic blood pressure (BP) reduction in older women after a resistance training (RT) program. METHODS Twenty-five older women (≥60 years) performed a RT program for 8 weeks, 3x/week consisting of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum in 8 exercises. Acute and chronic BP measurements were performed using automatic equipment, in which acute BP was measured before and after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min following the sixth exercise session, while chronic BP was measured pre and post-training. RESULTS Significant decrease for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed after the intervention period, however, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not change. To acute changes in BP, SBP decreased at all times after a single RT session, while DBP increased after 40 min. The reduction for SBP after a single RT session at baseline showed positive and significant correlations with the reductions in basal SBP observed after the 8 weeks of RT, the strongest correlations were observed at 20 min. A linear relationship between the magnitude of change in chronic SBP and the 20 min for acute SBP, and 30 min for acute DBP of post-exercise was observed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that acute BP lowering after RT session is a reliable predictor of chronic BP response to exercise training, and 20 min of resting, after RT training, is enough to indicate chronic response of BP as this measure was highly associated with chronic BP lowering in older women.

Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training volume (1 vs. 3 sets) on lower-body muscle strength in untrained young men. Methodsː Eighteen untrained young men were recruited and their legs were trained with 1 or 3 sets (in a contralateral design) for 6 weeks, using a knee extension machine. Isokinetic peak torque and one repetition maximum (1RM) were assessed at pre- and post-training. Resultsː There was a similar improvement in the 1RM strength (1SET: +14.8% vs. 3SET: 16.3%, P > 0.05) and peak torque (1SET: +8.1% vs. 3SET: 9.3%, P > 0.05) for both conditions from pre- to post-training. The effect size (ES) for the change in 1RM was moderate for both conditions (1SET: 1.39 vs. 3SET: 1.41), and peak torque was trivial and small for 1SET (0.47) and 3SET (0.55), respectively. Additionally, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the dietary intakes from pre- to post-training. Conclusionsː Our results indicate that 1 set is as effective as 3 sets for increasing lower-body muscle strength after a short-term RT period (6 weeks) in untrained young men.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a validade de métodos para avaliação de gordura corporal em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: A busca foi realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes, nas bases eletrônicas MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO e LILACS. Como critérios de inclusão, os artigos deveriam ser escritos nas línguas inglesa ou portuguesa, ter utilizado como medida critério modelos multicompartimentais, com medida de gordura corporal em crianças e adolescentes não atletas. RESULTADOS: A busca preliminar resultou em 832 artigos, e após todas as etapas de seleção 12 compuseram esta revisão. Os trabalhos selecionados foram publicados entre 1997 e 2010, com amostras formadas por crianças e adolescentes com níveis de gordura corporal relativa de 20,7-41,4%. Os métodos utilizados foram: absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (58,3%), diluição de isótopos (41,6%), espessura de dobras cutânea (33,3%), pesagem hidrostática (25%), impedância bioelétrica (25%), pletismografia por deslocamento de ar (16,6%) e condutividade elétrica corporal total (8,3%). CONCLUSÃO: A partir da análise dos estudos, concluímos que os métodos diluição de isótopos e pletismografia por deslocamento de ar foram os que se apresentaram mais confiáveis, apesar do número reduzido de investigações. Já para a utilização clínica e em estudos populacionais, a equação de Slaughter et al., que utiliza a espessura das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular, foi a que apresentou melhores resultados para avaliação da gordura corporal nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the validity of methods to assess body fat in children and adolescents using a systematic review. METHODS: The search was conducted by two independent researchers using the MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases. For inclusion, the articles should be written in English or Portuguese, andmust have usedmulti-compartment models as the criterion measure of the model, with body fat measurement of whole body in non-athlete children and adolescents. RESULTS: A preliminary search resulted in 832 studies. After all selection steps were performed, 12 articles were included. The selected studies were published between 1997 and 2010, whose samples consisted of children and adolescents with levels of relative body fat ranging from 20.7% to 41.4%. The methods used were: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (58.3%), isotope dilution (41.6%), skinfold thickness (33.3%), hydrostatic weighing (25%), bioelectrical impedance analysis (25%), air displacement plethysmography (16.6%), and total body electrical conductivity (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis of the studies, isotope dilution and air displacement plethysmography methodswere the most reliable, despite the limited number of studies. As for clinical use or for population-based studies, the equation of Slaughter et al. (1998), wich uses the triceps and subscapular skinfolds thickness, showed the best results for assessment of body fat in this population.