En las últimas décadas, se produjo un robusto corpus de investigaciones sobre el aborto en Brasil, con diferentes diseños, objetos y metodologías. Sin embargo, debido a la diversidad de situaciones en las que las mujeres brasileñas vivencian el abortamiento, la complejidad del tema y sus modulaciones en diferentes contextos políticos y socioculturales, el tema continúa desafiando a la academia, el campo de la salud y los derechos reproductivos. En este artículo, presentamos aspectos metodológicos de un estudio cualitativo sobre los itinerarios de cuidados de la salud de mujeres en situación de abortamiento, componente de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil II, que tiene como objetivo discutir los efectos de las desigualdades de género, raza/etnia, clase social, generacionales, regionales y territoriales en esos recorridos. Discutimos el desarrollo del diseño del estudio, la construcción del marco teórico y los recortes analíticos específicos, la elaboración del instrumento de entrevista, los criterios de selección de las mujeres, las estrategias de abordaje y realización de las entrevistas, el manejo del flujo del campo y de los materiales producidos, los procedimientos analíticos y los problemas éticos. Para abarcar una diversidad de mujeres y profundizar los resultados del componente cuantitativo de Nacer en Brasil II, se realizarán 120 entrevistas narrativas. El contexto de criminalización del aborto impacta la producción de conocimiento sobre el tema, imponiendo desafíos, tales como conseguir acceso a las mujeres, asegurar su anonimato y privacidad y la confidencialidad de la información, generar condiciones objetivas y subjetivas para que puedan narrar en profundidad sus experiencias. Con este artículo buscamos contribuir al debate sobre estos desafíos de las investigaciones sobre el aborto en Brasil. décadas diseños metodologías embargo abortamiento socioculturales academia reproductivos II género razaetnia raza etnia raza/etnia social generacionales recorridos específicos entrevista producidos éticos 12 narrativas información experiencias 1

In recent decades, several academic studies on abortion have been produced in Brazil, with different designs, objectives, and methodologies. However, due to the diversity of situations in which Brazilian women experience abortion, the complexity of this topic, and its modulations in different political and sociocultural contexts, it still challenges academicians and the fields of health and reproductive rights. In this article, we present methodological aspects of a qualitative study on health care itineraries of women in situations of abortion, a component of the Birth in Brazil II survey, whose objective is to discuss the effects of gender; race/ethnicity; social class; generational, regional, and territorial inequalities on care itineraries. We discuss the study design development, the construction of the theoretical framework and specific analytical axes, the development of interview instrument, definition of participant selection criteria, strategies to contact participants and conduct the interviews, management of field work and materials produced, analytical procedures, and ethical issues. In total, 120 narrative interviews were conducted in order to include a diversity of women and obtain detailed results from the quantitative analysis under Birth in Brazil II survey. The context of criminalization of abortion has an impact on the production of knowledge on this subject, creating challenges such as difficult access to women, women’s anonymity, privacy and data confidentiality, creation of objective and subjective conditions so that they can narrate their experiences in depth. With this article, we seek to contribute to the debate about these challenges in abortion research in Brazil. decades designs objectives methodologies However topic contexts rights article survey gender race/ethnicity raceethnicity race ethnicity class generational regional axes instrument criteria procedures issues total 12 subject womens s anonymity confidentiality depth 1

Nas últimas décadas, produziu-se um robusto corpus de pesquisas sobre aborto no Brasil, com diferentes desenhos, objetos e metodologias. Contudo, pela diversidade de situações em que as mulheres brasileiras vivenciam o abortamento, pela complexidade do tema e por suas modulações em contextos políticos e socioculturais distintos, o assunto não cessa de desafiar a academia, o campo da saúde e dos direitos reprodutivos. Neste artigo, apresentamos aspectos metodológicos de um estudo qualitativo sobre itinerários de cuidado à saúde de mulheres em situações de abortamento, componente da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II, que objetiva discutir efeitos das desigualdades de gênero, de raça/etnia, de classe social, geracionais, regionais e territoriais nesses percursos. Discutimos o desenvolvimento do desenho do estudo; a construção do arcabouço teórico e recortes analíticos específicos; a elaboração do instrumento de entrevista; os critérios de seleção das mulheres; as estratégias de abordagem e condução das entrevistas; a gestão do fluxo do campo e dos materiais produzidos; os procedimentos analíticos; e os problemas éticos. Para incluir uma diversidade de mulheres e aprofundar resultados do componente quantitativo do Nascer no Brasil II, serão realizadas 120 entrevistas narrativas. O contexto de criminalização do aborto impacta a produção de conhecimento sobre o tema, impondo desafios como conseguir acesso às mulheres, assegurar o anonimato e sua privacidade, além do sigilo das informações, gerar condições objetivas e subjetivas para que possam narrar em profundidade as suas experiências. Com este artigo, procuramos contribuir para o debate sobre esses desafios das pesquisas sobre aborto no Brasil. décadas produziuse produziu se desenhos metodologias Contudo abortamento distintos academia reprodutivos artigo II gênero raçaetnia raça etnia raça/etnia social geracionais percursos específicos entrevista produzidos éticos 12 narrativas privacidade informações experiências 1

Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa socioantropológica “Jovens da era digital: sexualidade, reprodução, redes sociais e prevenção às IST/HIV/aids”, conduzida com interlocutores (as) de 16 a 24 anos em seis cidades brasileiras. Analisamos narrativas de jovens heterossexuais, especialmente mulheres, dada a centralidade da posição que ocupam no planejamento reprodutivo em contextos hierárquicos de gênero. Apresentamos um script típico da contracepção juvenil: uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual, seguido de método hormonal em combinação/ou não com coito interrompido e o recurso frequente à contracepção de emergência. Destaca-se a experiência negativa das mulheres diante dos efeitos colaterais da contracepção hormonal, resultando em seu abandono ou descontinuidade, bem como o interesse pelo DIU de cobre que, no entanto, é considerado pouco acessível no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Concluímos que, a despeito de constrangimentos de gênero e de desigualdades sociais, étnicas e raciais, a contracepção é um valor incorporado pelos(as) entrevistados(as), aspecto que deve ser considerado na atualização e retomada de políticas públicas voltadas à juventude. Jovens digital sexualidade reprodução IST/HIV/aids, ISTHIVaids IST/HIV/aids , IST HIV aids IST/HIV/aids” as (as 1 2 brasileiras heterossexuais juvenil sexual combinaçãoou combinação emergência Destacase Destaca se descontinuidade entanto SUS. SUS . (SUS) raciais pelosas pelos pelos(as entrevistadosas, entrevistadosas entrevistados entrevistados(as) juventude (SUS entrevistados(as

Abstract This study presents the findings of the social anthropological research project “Jovens da era digital: Sexualidade, reprodução, redes sociais e prevenção às IST/HIV/AIDS” [Young people in the digital age: Sexuality, reproduction, social media, and prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS], which was conducted with interlocutors between the ages of 16 and 24 years old from six Brazilian cities. This study focuses on contraceptive management among heterosexual adolescents and young adults, with particular emphasis on women, given their prominent role in family planning within hierarchical gender contexts. We describe the typical script for youth contraception, which involves the use of condoms at the onset of sexual activity, followed by the incorporation of hormonal methods or the withdrawal method. We also find that adolescents frequently resort to the use of emergency contraception. Women frequently report experiencing side effects from hormonal contraceptives, which results in high rates of discontinuation and an increased interest in copper IUDs, which are scarce resources within the Brazilian National Health System. It can be concluded that, despite gender constraints and social, ethnic, and racial inequalities, the interviewees value contraception, offering insights for the review and improvement of public policies concerning young people. Jovens Sexualidade reprodução IST/HIV/AIDS ISTHIVAIDS IST HIV AIDS Young age Sexuality reproduction media STI/HIV/AIDS, STIHIVAIDS STI/HIV/AIDS , STI STI/HIV/AIDS] 1 2 cities adults women contexts contraception activity method contraceptives IUDs System ethnic inequalities

Abstract This study presents the findings of the social anthropological research project “Jovens da era digital: Sexualidade, reprodução, redes sociais e prevenção às IST/HIV/AIDS” [Young people in the digital age: Sexuality, reproduction, social media, and prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS], which was conducted with interlocutors between the ages of 16 and 24 years old from six Brazilian cities. This study focuses on contraceptive management among heterosexual adolescents and young adults, with particular emphasis on women, given their prominent role in family planning within hierarchical gender contexts. We describe the typical script for youth contraception, which involves the use of condoms at the onset of sexual activity, followed by the incorporation of hormonal methods or the withdrawal method. We also find that adolescents frequently resort to the use of emergency contraception. Women frequently report experiencing side effects from hormonal contraceptives, which results in high rates of discontinuation and an increased interest in copper IUDs, which are scarce resources within the Brazilian National Health System. It can be concluded that, despite gender constraints and social, ethnic, and racial inequalities, the interviewees value contraception, offering insights for the review and improvement of public policies concerning young people.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa socioantropológica “Jovens da era digital: sexualidade, reprodução, redes sociais e prevenção às IST/HIV/aids”, conduzida com interlocutores (as) de 16 a 24 anos em seis cidades brasileiras. Analisamos narrativas de jovens heterossexuais, especialmente mulheres, dada a centralidade da posição que ocupam no planejamento reprodutivo em contextos hierárquicos de gênero. Apresentamos um script típico da contracepção juvenil: uso de preservativo na iniciação sexual, seguido de método hormonal em combinação/ou não com coito interrompido e o recurso frequente à contracepção de emergência. Destaca-se a experiência negativa das mulheres diante dos efeitos colaterais da contracepção hormonal, resultando em seu abandono ou descontinuidade, bem como o interesse pelo DIU de cobre que, no entanto, é considerado pouco acessível no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Concluímos que, a despeito de constrangimentos de gênero e de desigualdades sociais, étnicas e raciais, a contracepção é um valor incorporado pelos(as) entrevistados(as), aspecto que deve ser considerado na atualização e retomada de políticas públicas voltadas à juventude.

En las últimas décadas, se produjo un robusto corpus de investigaciones sobre el aborto en Brasil, con diferentes diseños, objetos y metodologías. Sin embargo, debido a la diversidad de situaciones en las que las mujeres brasileñas vivencian el abortamiento, la complejidad del tema y sus modulaciones en diferentes contextos políticos y socioculturales, el tema continúa desafiando a la academia, el campo de la salud y los derechos reproductivos. En este artículo, presentamos aspectos metodológicos de un estudio cualitativo sobre los itinerarios de cuidados de la salud de mujeres en situación de abortamiento, componente de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil II, que tiene como objetivo discutir los efectos de las desigualdades de género, raza/etnia, clase social, generacionales, regionales y territoriales en esos recorridos. Discutimos el desarrollo del diseño del estudio, la construcción del marco teórico y los recortes analíticos específicos, la elaboración del instrumento de entrevista, los criterios de selección de las mujeres, las estrategias de abordaje y realización de las entrevistas, el manejo del flujo del campo y de los materiales producidos, los procedimientos analíticos y los problemas éticos. Para abarcar una diversidad de mujeres y profundizar los resultados del componente cuantitativo de Nacer en Brasil II, se realizarán 120 entrevistas narrativas. El contexto de criminalización del aborto impacta la producción de conocimiento sobre el tema, imponiendo desafíos, tales como conseguir acceso a las mujeres, asegurar su anonimato y privacidad y la confidencialidad de la información, generar condiciones objetivas y subjetivas para que puedan narrar en profundidad sus experiencias. Con este artículo buscamos contribuir al debate sobre estos desafíos de las investigaciones sobre el aborto en Brasil.

Nas últimas décadas, produziu-se um robusto corpus de pesquisas sobre aborto no Brasil, com diferentes desenhos, objetos e metodologias. Contudo, pela diversidade de situações em que as mulheres brasileiras vivenciam o abortamento, pela complexidade do tema e por suas modulações em contextos políticos e socioculturais distintos, o assunto não cessa de desafiar a academia, o campo da saúde e dos direitos reprodutivos. Neste artigo, apresentamos aspectos metodológicos de um estudo qualitativo sobre itinerários de cuidado à saúde de mulheres em situações de abortamento, componente da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II, que objetiva discutir efeitos das desigualdades de gênero, de raça/etnia, de classe social, geracionais, regionais e territoriais nesses percursos. Discutimos o desenvolvimento do desenho do estudo; a construção do arcabouço teórico e recortes analíticos específicos; a elaboração do instrumento de entrevista; os critérios de seleção das mulheres; as estratégias de abordagem e condução das entrevistas; a gestão do fluxo do campo e dos materiais produzidos; os procedimentos analíticos; e os problemas éticos. Para incluir uma diversidade de mulheres e aprofundar resultados do componente quantitativo do Nascer no Brasil II, serão realizadas 120 entrevistas narrativas. O contexto de criminalização do aborto impacta a produção de conhecimento sobre o tema, impondo desafios como conseguir acesso às mulheres, assegurar o anonimato e sua privacidade, além do sigilo das informações, gerar condições objetivas e subjetivas para que possam narrar em profundidade as suas experiências. Com este artigo, procuramos contribuir para o debate sobre esses desafios das pesquisas sobre aborto no Brasil.

In recent decades, several academic studies on abortion have been produced in Brazil, with different designs, objectives, and methodologies. However, due to the diversity of situations in which Brazilian women experience abortion, the complexity of this topic, and its modulations in different political and sociocultural contexts, it still challenges academicians and the fields of health and reproductive rights. In this article, we present methodological aspects of a qualitative study on health care itineraries of women in situations of abortion, a component of the Birth in Brazil II survey, whose objective is to discuss the effects of gender; race/ethnicity; social class; generational, regional, and territorial inequalities on care itineraries. We discuss the study design development, the construction of the theoretical framework and specific analytical axes, the development of interview instrument, definition of participant selection criteria, strategies to contact participants and conduct the interviews, management of field work and materials produced, analytical procedures, and ethical issues. In total, 120 narrative interviews were conducted in order to include a diversity of women and obtain detailed results from the quantitative analysis under Birth in Brazil II survey. The context of criminalization of abortion has an impact on the production of knowledge on this subject, creating challenges such as difficult access to women, women’s anonymity, privacy and data confidentiality, creation of objective and subjective conditions so that they can narrate their experiences in depth. With this article, we seek to contribute to the debate about these challenges in abortion research in Brazil.

Abstract Introduction Although Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) extra-articular manifestations (ExtRA) occurrence has been decreasing over time, they are still a major mortality risk factor for patients. Objective To determine the prevalence of ExtRA in a large cohort, and its association with demographic and clinical variables. Method Cross-sectional and observational study, based on a multi-centric database from a prospective cohort, in which 11 public rheumatology centres enrolled RA patients (1987 ARA or 2010 ACR-EULAR). Data collection began in 08-2015, using a single online electronic medical record. Continuous variables were compared using Mann–Whit-ney U-test, and Fisher's exact test or chi-square test, as appropriate, were used for categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results 1115 patients were included: 89% women, age [mean ± SD] 58.2 ± 11.5 years, disease duration 14.5 ± 12.2 years, positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF, n = 1108) in 77%, positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA, n = 477) in 78%. Regarding ExtRA, 334 occurrences were registered in 261 patients, resulting in an overall prevalence of 23.4% in the cohort. The comparison among ExtRA and Non-ExtRA groups shows significant higher age (p < 0.001), disease duration (p < 0.001), RF high titers (p = 0.018), Clinical Disease Activity index (CDAI) (p < 0.001), Disease Activity Index 28 (DAS 28) (p < 0.001), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (p < 0.001) in ExtRA group. Treatment with Azathioprine (p = 0.002), Etanercept (p = 0.049) Glucocorticoids (GC) (‘p = 0.002), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (p < 0.001) were more frequent in ExtRA group. Conclusions ExtRA manifestations still show an expressive occurrence that should not be underestimated. Our findings reinforce that long-term seropositive disease, associated with significant disability and persistent inflammatory activity are the key factors related to ExtRA development. (RA extraarticular extra articular (ExtRA time cohort Crosssectional Cross sectional study multicentric multi centric 1 1987 (198 201 ACREULAR. ACREULAR ACR EULAR . ACR-EULAR) 082015, 082015 08 2015, 2015 08-2015 record Mann–Whitney MannWhitney Mann–Whit ney Mann Whit Utest, Utest U U-test Fishers Fisher s chisquare chi square appropriate 5 p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 111 included 89 women mean SD 582 58 2 58. 115 11. years 145 14 14. 122 12 12. RF, (RF 1108 77 77% anticyclic anti cyclic ACPA, ACPA (ACPA 477 78 78% 33 26 234 23 4 23.4 NonExtRA Non 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.018, 0018 0.018 018 0.018) CDAI (CDAI DAS HAQ (HAQ group 0.002, 0002 0.002 002 0.002) 0.049 0049 049 GC (GC ‘p nonsteroidal non steroidal antiinflammatory NSAIDs (NSAIDs underestimated longterm long term development 198 (19 20 ACR-EULAR 08201 08-201 Whitney MannWhit 00 0.0 8 110 7 47 3 23. 000 0.00 0.01 01 0.04 004 04 19 (1 0820 08-20 0. ( 082 08-2 08-

Abstract Background Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. Methods Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann–Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer’s V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. Results We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011–2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4–12) and 11 (5–17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. Conclusion The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA. (RA therefore minimized Brazil ACREULAR ACR EULAR 2010 (2010 assessed opportunity 6 1 MannKendall Mann Kendall test chisquared chi squared Cramers Cramer s conducted 111 894 89 4 89.4 female 568 56 56.8 white SD (SD 571 57 57. 11.5 115 5 (11.5 tau 0677 0 677 0.677 0.001 0001 001 0695 695 0.695 199 2015 period , 3- 6- 12month month 0120 120 0.120 0200 200 0.20 0261 261 0.261 respectively. respectively . respectively) improvements 2011–2015 20112015 2011 (2011–2015 median IQR (IQR) 4–12 412 (4–12 5–17 517 17 (5–17 respectively, respectively] 172 2 17.2 shortest 3month window ≥ ( ≤ months. 201 (201 89. 56. 11. (11. 067 67 0.67 0.00 000 00 069 69 0.69 19 012 0.12 020 20 0.2 026 26 0.26 2011–201 2011201 (2011–201 (IQR 4–1 41 (4–1 5–1 51 (5–1 17. (20 (11 06 0.6 0.0 01 0.1 02 0. 2011–20 201120 (2011–20 4– (4– 5– (5– (2 (1 2011–2 20112 (2011–2 (4 (5 2011– (2011– (2011

Abstract Background Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. Methods Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed “early” when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and “late” when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. Results We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6–36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: −0.25 [−0.46, −0.04] and − 0.196 [−0.306, −0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes. (RA reallife real life settings care longterm term conditions ACREULAR ACR EULAR 2010 (2010 1987 (1987 conducted “early “late afterwards inquired DAS28CRP DASCRP DAS28 CRP DAS (DAS28-CRP HAQDI HAQ DI (HAQ-DI Students Student s t MannWhitney Mann Whitney U chisquared chi squared tests analysis scorematched score vs lateassessed assessed approval consent 105 89.4% 894 89 4 (89.4 female 565 56 5 56.5 white white) SD (SD age 569 9 56. 11.5 115 11 (11.5 years duration 1731 173 1 173. 114.5 1145 114 (114.5 IQR (IQR coincided 6–36 636 36 (6–36 64.6% 646 64 (64.6% practitioner Notwithstanding 807 80 7 80.7 28.7% 287 28 (28.7% ≤ ( symptoms. . symptoms) rho 0.816 0816 0 816 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) OR 2.77 277 2 77 95 CI 193 93 1.93 3.97. 397 3.97 3 97 3.97) remissionlow remission low 0.74 074 74 055 55 0.55 0.99, 099 0.99 , 99 0.99) earlyassessed difference [95 CI] 025 25 −0.2 −0.46, 046 46 [−0.46 −0.04 004 04 0196 196 0.19 −0.306, 0306 306 [−0.306 −0.087 0087 087 respectively. respectively respectively) propensityscore whole (whole sample 201 (201 198 (198 DAS2 10 89.4 8 (89. 11. (11. 17 114. (114. 6–3 63 (6–3 64.6 (64.6 80. 28.7 (28.7 0.81 081 81 000 0.00 00 2.7 27 19 1.9 39 3.9 0.7 07 05 0.5 09 0.9 [9 02 −0. −0.46 [−0.4 −0.0 019 0.1 −0.306 030 30 [−0.30 −0.08 008 08 20 (20 (19 89. (89 (11 (114 6– (6– 64. (64. 28. (28. 0.8 0.0 2. 1. 3. 0. [ −0 −0.4 [−0. 01 −0.30 03 [−0.3 (2 (1 (8 (6 (64 (28 [−0 −0.3 [−

Abstract COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe, with the main ones affecting the respiratory tract, such as pneumonia. In patients with greater severity, the high frequency of bacterial and fungal coinfection stands out, a situation related both to the patient’s pre-existing comorbidities and due to the hospitalization itself. Cases of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 were highlighted in the lay and scientific media, with the increase in mycosis cases being directly and indirectly attributed to the viral infection. This report describes a case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic patient hospitalized for COVID-19, whose diagnosis was confirmed by identifying the agent Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus through culture for fungi and PCR examination.

RESUMO Apesar do aumento histórico da participação feminina na produção científica brasileira, reconfigurações domésticas e laborais para o controle da Covid-19 podem estar reduzindo a produtividade das mulheres cientistas. A pesquisa GenCovid-Br objetivou traçar um panorama da participação feminina nos artigos sobre Covid-19 das ciências médicas e da saúde, disponibilizados no PubMed, com ao menos um autor de filiação brasileira. Das 1.013 publicações até 14 de agosto de 2020, 6,1% foram escritas exclusivamente por mulheres; 17,2%, exclusivamente por homens; grupos mistos respondem por 31,1% com liderança feminina, e 45,6% com liderança masculina. As mulheres participam mais de artigos com primeira autoria feminina (50,1% vs 35,6% nos liderados por homens). Nos artigos de áreas da Medicina Clínica, em que as mulheres são maioria, ocorre menos participação de autoras, o que também acontece em publicações resultantes de colaborações internacionais. Os presentes resultados indicam a possibilidade de ampliação de desigualdades de gênero prévias durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Novos estudos devem aprofundar a investigação sobre a magnitude e os determinantes desse fenômeno, incluindo análises temporais. As políticas institucionais devem considerar as iniquidades de gênero nas avaliações acadêmicas, prevenindo impactos futuros nas carreiras das mulheres, em particular, das jovens pesquisadoras envolvidas na reprodução social.

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing historical participation of women in Brazilian scientific production, domestic and labor reconfiguration for the control of the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to reduce women scientists’ productivity. The GenCovid-Br Research aimed to outline a panorama of female production in Covid-19 papers in medical and health sciences, available in PubMed, with at least one author with Brazilian affiliation. From the 1,013 publications by August 14, 2020, 6.1% were written exclusively by women, 17.2% exclusively by men, 31.1% were mixed with female leadership, and 45.6% were mixed with male leadership. Women participated in more papers led by women (50.1% vs. 35.6% in those led by men). Papers in Clinical Medicine, where female researchers are predominant, have fewer female authors, occurring in publications resulting from international collaborations. Our results point to the possible expansion of previous gender inequalities during the Covid-19 pandemic. New studies should deepen the investigation of the magnitude and determinants of such phenomenon, including temporal analyses. Institutional policies must consider gender inequalities in academic assessments, preventing future impacts on women’s careers, particularly young researchers involved in social reproduction.

RESUMO Apesar do aumento histórico da participação feminina na produção científica brasileira, reconfigurações domésticas e laborais para o controle da Covid-19 podem estar reduzindo a produtividade das mulheres cientistas. A pesquisa GenCovid-Br objetivou traçar um panorama da participação feminina nos artigos sobre Covid-19 das ciências médicas e da saúde, disponibilizados no PubMed, com ao menos um autor de filiação brasileira. Das 1.013 publicações até 14 de agosto de 2020, 6,1% foram escritas exclusivamente por mulheres; 17,2%, exclusivamente por homens; grupos mistos respondem por 31,1% com liderança feminina, e 45,6% com liderança masculina. As mulheres participam mais de artigos com primeira autoria feminina (50,1% vs 35,6% nos liderados por homens). Nos artigos de áreas da Medicina Clínica, em que as mulheres são maioria, ocorre menos participação de autoras, o que também acontece em publicações resultantes de colaborações internacionais. Os presentes resultados indicam a possibilidade de ampliação de desigualdades de gênero prévias durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Novos estudos devem aprofundar a investigação sobre a magnitude e os determinantes desse fenômeno, incluindo análises temporais. As políticas institucionais devem considerar as iniquidades de gênero nas avaliações acadêmicas, prevenindo impactos futuros nas carreiras das mulheres, em particular, das jovens pesquisadoras envolvidas na reprodução social.

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing historical participation of women in Brazilian scientific production, domestic and labor reconfiguration for the control of the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to reduce women scientists’ productivity. The GenCovid-Br Research aimed to outline a panorama of female production in Covid-19 papers in medical and health sciences, available in PubMed, with at least one author with Brazilian affiliation. From the 1,013 publications by August 14, 2020, 6.1% were written exclusively by women, 17.2% exclusively by men, 31.1% were mixed with female leadership, and 45.6% were mixed with male leadership. Women participated in more papers led by women (50.1% vs. 35.6% in those led by men). Papers in Clinical Medicine, where female researchers are predominant, have fewer female authors, occurring in publications resulting from international collaborations. Our results point to the possible expansion of previous gender inequalities during the Covid-19 pandemic. New studies should deepen the investigation of the magnitude and determinants of such phenomenon, including temporal analyses. Institutional policies must consider gender inequalities in academic assessments, preventing future impacts on women’s careers, particularly young researchers involved in social reproduction.

Abstract Background The implementation of institutional protocols in the emergency department (ED) for risk stratification in patients with chest pain has been recommended. Objective To assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of an institutional risk stratification protocol for chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Method Cross-sectional study conducted based on the computerized records of patients treated with the use of a chest pain protocol adapted from the Manchester protocol. The level of risk was stratified by applying five colors representing the respective levels. Each color represents a level of severity and a maximum waiting time for receiving medical care. Red and orange were considered to be high priority, while patients with yellow, green or blue indications were considered to represent a low priority. To compare the type of diagnosis and the classification of priority for receiving care, the Pearson's chi-square test was used, considering a significance level of p< 0.05 for all tests. Results The records of 1,074 patients admitted to the cardiology ED were analyzed. Men (54%), with a mean age of 60 ± 15 years, with complaints of chest pain (44%) of moderate intensity (80%) were predominant the study. Of these patients, 19% were classified as high priority, while 81% were considered to represent a low priority. ACS was confirmed in 23% of the patients, with 34% of them being classified as high priority and 66% as low priority. The sensitivity of the risk stratification protocol for chest pain was 33.7% and the specificity was 86.0%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 41.7% and 81.3%, respectively. Conclusion The Institutional risk stratification protocol for chest pain suggestive of ACS presented satisfactory specificity and a low degree of sensitivity. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Abstract Background: There is a lack of information on the role of chronic use of hydroxychloroquine during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Our aim was to compare the occurrence of COVID-19 between rheumatic disease patients on hydroxychloroquine with individuals from the same household not taking the drug during the first 8 weeks of community viral transmission in Brazil. Methods: This baseline cross-sectional analysis is part of a 24-week observational multi-center study involving 22 Brazilian academic outpatient centers. All information regarding COVID-19 symptoms, epidemiological, clinical, and demographic data were recorded on a specific web-based platform using telephone calls from physicians and medical students. COVID-19 was defined according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health (BMH) criteria. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Exact Fisher tests were used for statistical analysis and two binary Final Logistic Regression Model by Wald test were developed using a backward-stepwise method for the presence of COVID-19. Results: From March 29th to May 17st, 2020, a total of 10,443 participants were enrolled, including 5166 (53.9%) rheumatic disease patients, of whom 82.5% had systemic erythematosus lupus, 7.8% rheumatoid arthritis, 3.7% Sjögren’s syndrome and 0.8% systemic sclerosis. In total, 1822 (19.1%) participants reported flu symptoms within the 30 days prior to enrollment, of which 3.1% fulfilled the BMH criteria, but with no significant difference between rheumatic disease patients (4.03%) and controls (3.25%). After adjustments for multiple confounders, the main risk factor significantly associated with a COVID-19 diagnosis was lung disease (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.03-2.58); and for rheumatic disease patients were diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.19-6.63) and glucocorticoids above 10 mg/ day (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.31-3.19). In addition, a recent influenza vaccination had a protective effect (OR 0.674; 95% CI 0.46-0.98). Conclusion: Patients with rheumatic disease on hydroxychloroquine presented a similar occurrence of COVID-19 to household cohabitants, suggesting a lack of any protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC; RBR - 9KTWX6).

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease that can cause irreversible joint deformities, with increased morbidity and mortality and a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected individual. The main objective of RA treatment is to achieve sustained clinical remission or low disease activity. However, up to 40% of patients do not respond to available treatments, including bDMARDs. New therapeutic targets for RA are emerging, such as Janus kinases (JAKs). These are essential for intracellular signaling (via JAK-STAT) in response to many cytokines involved in RA immunopathogenesis. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have established themselves as a highly effective treatment, gaining increasing space in the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of RA. The current recommendations aim to present a review of the main aspects related to the efficacy and safety of JAKis in RA patients, and to update the recommendations and treatment algorithm proposed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology in 2017.

The present narrative review synthesized scientific evidence regarding gender and race inequality in the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on women's productive/reproductive work, gender-based violence, and the access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS). The results demonstrated that the effective control of the pandemic and the preservation of rights should consider social inequality. Besides the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2, the literature discusses that access barriers to SRHS can lead to an increase of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal mortality. Also, the social distancing has led several women to stay confined with their aggressors, which hinders the access to reporting services, incurring in the increase of gender-based violence and severe outcomes to health. As the main responsible for the care, women are more prone to get the virus in both professional and domestic spheres. The conciliation between work and family has become more difficult for them during the pandemic. Literature naturalizes gender, race, and social class differences, emphasizing risk factors. An intersectional research plan is needed to support the information of public policies that incorporate human rights and embrace the needs of the most vulnerable groups to the COVID-19.

Esta revisão narrativa sintetizou evidências científicas sobre desigualdades de gênero e raça na pandemia da COVID-19, enfocando o trabalho produtivo/reprodutivo das mulheres, a violência de gênero e o acesso aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva (SSR). Os resultados confirmam que as desigualdades sociais devem ser consideradas para o efetivo controle da pandemia e a preservação de direitos. Para além dos efeitos diretos do SARS-CoV-2, discute-se que barreiras de acesso a serviços de SSR podem ocasionar o aumento de gravidezes não-pretendidas, abortos inseguros e mortalidade materna. O distanciamento social tem obrigado muitas mulheres a permanecer confinadas com seus agressores e dificultado o acesso a serviços de denúncia, incorrendo no aumento da violência de gênero e em desfechos graves à saúde. Como principais responsáveis pelo cuidado, as mulheres estão mais expostas a adoecer nas esferas profissional e doméstica. A conciliação trabalho-família tornou-se mais difícil para elas durante a pandemia. A literatura naturaliza as diferenças de gênero, raça e classe, com ênfase em fatores de risco. Uma agenda de pesquisa com abordagem interseccional é necessária para embasar a formulação de políticas que incorporem os direitos humanos e atendam às necessidades dos grupos mais vulneráveis à COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a distribuição das principais características sociodemográficas e clínico-patológicas em mulheres com câncer de mama segundo o perfil molecular pela imunohistoquímica. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, analítico, descritivo e quantitativo, com análise de 137 prontuários do período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2018 de mulheres atendidas na Unidade de Assistência da Alta Complexidade em Oncologia da cidade de Imperatriz, MA, Brasil. Foi definido o perfil imunohistoquímico dos tumores baseado na avaliação dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona, superexpressão de HER2 e índice de proliferação celular Ki67, de onde foram determinados seis subtipos moleculares: luminal A, luminal B-HER2 negativo, luminal B-HER2 positivo, triplo negativo, superexpressão de HER2 e inconclusivo. Resultados Foi demonstrado que 52,6% das pacientes eram pós-menopausadas, com idademédia de 52,1 anos, pardas (56,2%), tinhamgrau de escolaridade < 9 anos (40%), estadiamento > IIB (52,6%) e 23,4% tinham metástase. Carcinoma ductal invasivo representou 84,7%, o tamanho tumoral foi de 2 a 5 cm (48,9%), com comprometimento linfonodal (56,2%), com linfadenectomia axilar em 67,2% e mastectomia em 73,7% das pacientes. O subtipo molecularmais frequente foi o luminal B-HER2 negativo (36,5%), e o subtipo luminal A apresentou características de melhor prognóstico em relação aos demais. Conclusão Concluiu-se que na associação dos subtipos moleculares com as características sociodemográficas e clínico-patológicas não se obteve resultados com significância estatística, exceto para terapia complementar, referente à hormonioterapia, e houve elevado índice de metástase ao diagnóstico, o que representou um fator preocupante e indicativo de falhas no rastreio e diagnóstico precoce dessa população.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the distribution of the main sociodemographic and clinicalpathological characteristics in women with breast cancer according to the molecular profile by immunohistochemistry. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and quantitative study was performed, with an analysis of 137 medical records from January 2015 to December 2018 of women attending the High Complexity in Oncology Unit of the city of Imperatriz, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The immunohistochemical profile of tumors based on the estrogen and progesterone receptor, Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-type 2 (HER2) overexpression and Ki67 cell proliferation indexwas defined, fromwhich six molecular subtypes were determined: luminal A, luminal B-HER2 negative, luminal B-HER2 positive, triple negative, overexpression of HER2 and inconclusive. Results A total of 52.6% of the patients were postmenopausal, mean age 52.1 years old, brown (56.2%), had a schooling level < 9 years (40%), staging > IIB (52.6%) and 23.4% hadmetastasis. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 84.7%, tumor size was 2 to 5 cm (48.9%), with lymph node involvement (56.2%), axillary lymphadenectomy in 67.2%, andmastectomy in 73.7% of the patients. Themost frequentmolecular subtype was the luminal B-HER2 negative (36.5%), and the luminal A subtype showed characteristics of better prognosis when compared with the others. Conclusion It was concluded that in the association of molecular subtypes with sociodemographic and clinical-pathological characteristics, there were no statistically significant results obtained, except for complementary therapy, referring to hormone therapy, and there was a high index of metastasis at diagnosis, which was a worrying factor and indicative of failures in the screening and early diagnosis of this population.