Introduction: Invasive ductal carcinoma corresponds to the most common histological type of the breast, coexisting with different forms of clinical evolution, histological grading, expression of certain tissue markers and genomic profiles that seek a better understanding of the disease. Objectives: To analyze the correlation of β-catenin and AXL markers with tumor aggressiveness, with reference to overall survival, tumor progression and histopathological prognostic factors. Methods: A study of 101 samples of invasive ductal mammary carcinoma was performed. Those with a diagnosis of ductal type, initially submitted to biopsy or definitive surgical treatment, were included. For control purposes, 20 samples of intraductal carcinoma, 35 of breast fibroadenoma and 10 of breast tissue without any alteration were included. Those undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, those without a tumor sample prior to chemotherapy, those lost to follow-up, and those with incomplete data, were excluded. Results: When the β-catenin expression was analyzed, it was negative. As for AXL, different degrees of expression were observed without statistical significance between them. Conclusion: When analyzing invasive ductal breast adenocarcinoma in TMA, there was no correlation in the expression of ß-Catenin and AXL when compared to overall survival, tumor progression and histological grade.

Introdução: O carcinoma ductal invasor corresponde ao tipo histológico mais comum da mama coexistindo com formas diferentes de evolução clínica, graduação histológica, expressão de determinados marcadores teciduais e perfis genômicos que procuram melhor entendimento da doença. Objetivos: Analisar a correlação dos marcadores β-catenina e AXL com a agressividade tumoral, tendo como referência a sobrevida global, progressão tumoral e fatores prognósticos histopatológicos. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo de 101 amostras de carcinoma mamário ductal invasor. Foram incluídas aquelas com diagnóstico do tipo ductal, submetidas inicialmente à biópsia ou tratamento cirúrgico definitivo. Incluiu-se para fins de controle 20 amostras de carcinoma intraductal, 35 de fibroadenoma mamário e 10 de tecido mamário sem qualquer alteração. Foram excluídos os submetidos à quimioterapia neoadjuvante, que não tivessem amostra tumoral prévia ao tratamento quimioterápico, que perderam o seguimento, e com dados incompletos. Resultados: Quando analisada a expressão da β-catenina, foi negativa. Quanto ao AXL foram observados diferentes graus de expressão sem significância estatística entre eles. Conclusão: Quando analisados adenocarcinoma mamário do tipo ductal invasor em TMA não houve correlação na expressão de ß-catenina e AXL quando comparados a sobrevida global, progressão tumoral e grau histológico.

RESUMO Racional: Apesar de todos os avanços da medicina e da grande variedade de curativos disponíveis, o tratamento das queimaduras ainda representa importante desafio médico. O curativo de membrana de celulose de pinus é biomaterial com características semelhantes à de celulose bacteriana, mas de menor custo. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da membrana de nanocelulose de pinus na cicatrização de queimaduras profundas de segundo grau em ratos e comparar com a Membracel®. Método: Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à queimadura profunda de segundo grau em dorso, com água fervente a 97o C por 20 s, gerando lesão de 314 mm². Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos de curativos (n = 10): grupo 1 - gaze simples; grupo 2 - membrana de celulose bacteriana (Membracel®); e grupo 3 - membrana de celulose de pinus. Eles foram avaliados por 20 dias para verificar o quadro clínico, aspecto macro e microscópico e a contração da ferida. Resultados: Todos permaneceram clinicamente bem, sem diferenças de peso. Crostas foram observadas no grupo 1 e nenhuma nos grupos 2 e 3. Em relação à contração da cicatriz, os grupos 2 e 3 foram semelhantes, melhores que o grupo 1. A análise microscópica mostrou predomínio de grau de cicatrização avançado nos grupos 1 e 3, e inicial no grupo 2. O colágeno maduro foi predominante em todos os grupos. Conclusão: A membrana de nanocelulose de pinus é eficaz no tratamento de queimaduras experimentais de segundo grau em ratos e sua eficácia é semelhante à da membrana nanocelular bacteriana.

ABSTRACT Background: Despite all the advances in medicine and the wide variety of dressings available, the treatment of burn wounds still represents an important medical challenge. The pinus cellulose membrane dressing is a biomaterial with characteristics similar to those of bacterial cellulose, but with lower cost. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of pinus nanocellulose membrane on healing of deep second degree burns in rats and compare with Membracel®. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were submitted to deep second degree burn in dorse, with boiling water at 97o C for 20 s, generating a 314 mm² area wound. The animals were distributed in three dressing groups (n=10): group 1 - simple gauze; group 2 - bacterial cellulose membrane (Membracel®); and group 3 - pinus cellulose membrane. They were evaluated for 20 days to verify clinical condition, macro and microscopic appearance and wound contraction. Results: All of them remained clinically well with no differences in weight. Crusts were observed in group 1, and none in groups 2 and 3. Regarding to scar contraction, groups 2 and 3 were similar, better than group 1. Microscopic analysis showed predominance of advanced healing degree in groups 1 and 3, and initial in group 2. Mature collagen was predominant in all groups. Conclusion: The pinus nanocellulose membrane is effective in the treatment of experimental second degree burn in rats and its effectiveness is similar to that of the bacterial nanocellular membrane.

OBJECTIVES: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded fashion patients received hyoscine or a saline solution in all consecutive colonoscopies in which the cecum was reached. Lesions were analysed with respect to number, size, location, histology and capillary pattern. RESULTS: A total of 440 colonoscopies were randomized. The overall polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were 65.2% and 49.3%, respectively. In the hyoscine group, non-polypoid lesions were detected significantly more often (p=0.01). In the placebo group 281 lesions were diagnosed (202 adenomas) and in the hyoscine group 282 lesions were detected (189 adenomas) (p=0.23). The PDR and ADR were similar between the placebo and hyoscine groups (64% vs 66% and 50% vs 47%, respectively). No differences were observed between the two groups in the advanced-ADR or advanced neoplasia detection rate, as well the mean numbers of polyps, adenomas, advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasias detected per patient. The administration of hyoscine also did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of digital chromoendoscopy. The presence of adenomatous polyps in the right colon was detected significantly more frequently in the hyoscine group (OR 5.41 95% CI 2.7 - 11; p<0.01 vs OR 2.3 95% CI 1.1 - 4.6; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The use of hyoscine before beginning the withdrawal of the colonoscope does not seem to enhance the PDR and the ADR.