Abstract The scale mealybug, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the main pests of the cactus pear in Brazil. The objective was to study biological aspects of D. echinocacti at the constant temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 33 and 35 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours in the laboratory on the cactus pear cultivar, “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”, Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw. The development period (22 to 35 days) and survival in the egg (92 to 100%) and nymph (21.8 to 100%) stages and of the egg-adult cycle (20 to 100%), longevity (34.1 to 59.6 days) and fecundity (33 to 112 eggs) of D. echinocacti females with the different temperature and absence of males at the highest temperatures (> 30°C), indicated that the range between 25 °C and 30°C is the most favorable for this scale mealybug. This information may help to improve integrated management programs for D. echinocacti, in areas subject to seasonal temperature changes in the Brazilian regions where cactus pear is cultivated.

Resumo A cochonilha-escama, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), é uma das principais pragas da palma forrageira no Brasil. O objetivo foi estudar aspectos biológicos de D. echinocacti nas temperaturas constantes de 25, 28, 30, 33 e 35 °C, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 12 horas em laboratório na cultivar de palma forrageira, “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”, Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw. O período de desenvolvimento (22 a 35 dias) e a sobrevivência nas fases de ovo (92 a 100%) e ninfa (21,8 a 100%) e o ciclo ovo-adulto (20 a 100%), longevidade (34,1 a 59,6 dias) e fecundidade (33 a 112 ovos) de fêmeas de D. echinocacti nas diferentes temperaturas e ausência de machos nas maiores (> 30°C) indicam ser a faixa entre 25°C e 30°C a mais favorável para esta cochonilha de escama. Essas informações podem auxiliar no aprimoramento de programas de manejo integrado de D. echinocacti em áreas sujeitas a variações sazonais de temperatura nas regiões brasileiras onde a palma forrageira é cultivada.

ABSTRACT Some metallurgical wastes have residual metals of interest generated in metallurgical operations have values of interest that can be reprocessed to give additional value to the operation, this work presents the modeling and simulation of leaching tanks for silver recovery with thiourea and oxalate from jarosite that is principal zinc processing waste for this purpose first-order models were used and the one with the best fit was selected for the evaluation of the leaching rate in tanks with continuous stirring (CSTR). Finally, the results obtained with the process simulation are presented with the help of the Matlab-Simulink® software using subsystem blocks.

RESUMEN Algunos residuos generados en operaciones metalúrgicas tienen elementos metálicos de interés, por lo que pueden ser reprocesados para darle un valor adicional a la operación. Este trabajo presenta el modelamiento y simulación de tanques de lixiviación para la recuperación de plata con tiourea y oxalato a partir de jarositas que son uno de los principales desechos del procesamiento del zinc. Se usaron modelos de primer orden y se seleccionó el de mejor ajuste para la evaluación de la velocidad de lixiviación en tanques con agitación continua (CSTR). Finalmente se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la simulación del proceso con ayuda del software Matlab-Simulink® por medio de bloques de subsistemas.

Abstract Sports organisations involved in grassroots sports have trainers, managers and referees whose attitudes, work and dedication show that many of them are volunteers with little knowledge of psychology as a working method. This document, promoted by the Programa Talento Deportivo of the University of Navarra and the Official Association of Psychologists of Navarra, considers the role of psychology in children’s and adolescents’ sport and the benefits it can offer to sports players, parents, trainers, referees and managers. It also establishes a consensus in the form of a set of guidelines and twenty-seven recommendations. The aim of this consensus is to recognise the benefits of including psychology in the profiles involved in grassroots sport, to enable those involved to acquire skills that can help to improve performance and psychological states, promoting directives to be used when managing and training young sports players

Resumen Las organizaciones deportivas involucradas en el deporte-base cuentan con entrenadores, directivos y árbitros cuya actitud, trabajo y dedicación permite deducir que la mayoría son ciudadanos voluntarios con escaso conocimiento sobre la psicología como método de trabajo. Este documento, impulsado por el Programa Talento Deportivo de la Universidad de Navarra y el Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Navarra, aborda el papel de la psicología en el deporte infanto-juvenil y los beneficios que puede aportar a deportistas, padres, entrenadores, árbitros o directivos. También establece un consenso en forma de decálogo y veintisiete recomendaciones con el objetivo de reconocer los beneficios de mejorar el conocimiento psicológico de los distintos perfiles implicados en el deporte-base con el fin de adquirir destrezas que beneficien tanto el rendimiento como el estado psicológico. Su objetivo es proveer unas directrices psicológicas para utilizarlas en el manejo y entrenamiento de los deportistas infanto-juveniles.

Abstract Thin AZO films were grown by RF magnetron sputtering for different deposition times in argon plasmas. Optical, structural, and morphological properties, together with elemental composition, were studied and correlated with the observed effects on the electrical properties and compared with two models of mobility scattering (ionized impurities and grain boundaries). The results suggest that the carrier density in the studied case is limited to below 15% owing to the low ionization efficiency caused by the formation of neutral impurities as homologous phases. While the spread in the mobility during the initial stages of film growth is strongly influenced by grain boundaries, in thicker films the limitation on ion efficiency becomes more significant.

ABSTRACT Canine patient, Maltese breed, female gender, castrated, 4 years old and 5 Kg of weight. The main reason for consultation was cough and severe respiratory distress. During the clinical evaluation, the patient presented cyanosis, severe inspiratory and expiratory stridor, squawking cough, especially after emotional stimulation. A bronchoscopy was performed that revealed a dynamic decrease in the diameter of the tracheal lumen, a severe collapse in the cervical and thoracic portions. Due to the severity of the tracheal collapse, the implantation of a nitinol stent was decided. The choice of stent is essential and therefore it was necessary to perform a measurement of the diameter and length of the trachea to minimize side effects and rejections. The trachea presented diameter variability at the thoracic level, which is why it was decided to use a dual stent, which was placed by direct observation through a pediatric bronchoscope. We present a case in which a dual stent was used, indicated in cases in which the diameter of the trachea varies along its path. Excellent results were obtained since it was adjusted to the different diameters that the trachea presented at the cervical and thoracic levels.

RESUMEN Paciente canino, de raza maltés, género femenino, castrado, de 4 años y 5 Kg de peso. El motivo principal de consulta fue tos y dificultad respiratoria grave. Durante la evaluación clínica, el paciente presentó cianosis, estridor inspiratorio y espiratorio severo, tos en graznido especialmente después de un estímulo emocional. Se realizó una broncoscopia que reveló una disminución dinámica en el diámetro de la luz traqueal, un colapso severo en las porciones cervicales y torácicas. Debido a la gravedad del colapso traqueal, se decidió la implantación de un stent de nitinol. La elección del stent es fundamental y por tanto fue necesario realizar una medición del diámetro y la longitud de la tráquea para minimizar los efectos secundarios y los rechazos. La tráquea presentó variabilidad del diámetro a nivel torácico, razón por la cual se decidió utilizar un stent dual, el cual se colocó mediante observación directa a través de un broncoscopio pediátrico. Se presenta un caso en el que se usó un stent dual, indicado en casos en que el diámetro de la tráquea varía en su trayecto. Se obtuvieron excelentes resultados ya que se ajustó a los diferentes diámetros que presentó la tráquea en los niveles cervical y torácico.

ABSTRACT Intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormality of the intestine’s embryological rotation, which develops: Ladd's bands or a narrow mesenteric base, predisposing to gastrointestinal obstruction. It is estimated that more than 90% of patients will present in the first 12 months of life. In newborns, malrotation presents with acute obstruction or volvulus; however, it may go unnoticed in some patients. The treatment of choice for intestinal malrotation is elective surgery, with the Ladd procedure, by laparoscopy or open surgery, in which duodenal fibers are cauterized. As for the management of asymptomatic patients, prophylactic surgical correction is recommended in children’s case and observation in adults, since the acute presentation in these is infrequent. In an acute presentation in adults, emergency laparotomy is required to determine the cause and avoid the intestine’s necrosis. A case of the acute surgical abdomen due to acute appendicitis is presented in a 27-year-old female patient with intestinal malrotation, with initial clinical presentation of diffuse abdominal pain, lumbar pain, positive lumbar percussion fist, which finally reached an adequate resolution and a good prognosis.

RESUMEN La malrotación intestinal es una anormalidad congénita de la rotación embriológica del intestino, que desarrolla: bandas de Ladd o una base mesentérica estrecha, que predisponen a obstrucción gastrointestinal. Se estima que más del 90% de pacientes se presentará en los primeros 12 meses de vida. En los recién nacidos, la malrotación se presenta con obstrucción aguda o vólvulo, sin embargo, en algunos pacientes pueden pasar desapercibidos. El tratamiento de elección para la malrotación intestinal es la intervención quirúrgica electiva, con el procedimiento de Ladd, por laparoscopía o cirugía abierta, en la que se cauterizan fibras duodenales. En cuanto al manejo de pacientes asintomáticos se recomienda la corrección quirúrgica profiláctica en el caso de niños, y observación en adultos ya que la presentación aguda en éstos es muy rara. En el caso de presentación aguda en adultos se requiere laparotomía de emergencia para determinar la causa y evitar la necrosis del intestino. Se presenta un caso de abdomen agudo quirúrgico por apendicitis aguda en una paciente mujer de 27 años con malrotación intestinal, con presentación clínica inicial de dolor abdominal difuso, dolor lumbar, puño percusión lumbar positiva, que finalmente llegó a una resolución adecuada y un buen pronóstico.

AZO thin films (around 200 nm thick) were grown on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at room temperature. The plasma was activated using a 13.56 MHz (RF) or a 15 kHz pulsed (PMS) source at a power of 60 W. Optical reflection and transmittance were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer over the wavelengths from 190 nm to 2500 nm. All samples show average transmittances greater than 83% in the visible region. The electrical resistivity was measured by the linear four-point probe method to be around 0.001 Ωcm for 200 nm-thick AZO films grown by PMS. XRD results indicated that the films had a hexagonal wurtzite structure and were preferentially oriented in the (002) plane. The surface morphology of the AZO thin films was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); film chemical composition was studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). For this, an EDS coupled to the Scanning Electron Microscope was used. Only for films grown by PMS were no cracks observed.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the child's anxiety before and after treatment using the technique of visual auditory distraction in children. Methodology: It is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal study. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in two pediatric stomatology clinics. Where anxiety was evaluated before and after treatment using the audiovisual technique. Results: It is verified that the mild anxiety increases after the treatment is carried out, from 18% to 47%. Moderate to severe anxiety decreases from 16% to 3%, it is observed that no child after treatment has severe anxiety. These results being statistically significant. Conclusions: In conclusion, the technique of visual auditory distraction can be an effective method to reduce the levels of anxiety in pediatric patients during an invasive dental treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la ansiedad del niño antes y después del tratamiento usando la técnica de distracción auditiva visual en niños. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. El estudio fue realizado entre el 2016 y 2017 en dos clínicas estomatológicas pediátricas. Donde se evaluó la ansiedad antes y después del tratamiento utilizando la técnica audiovisual. Resultados: Se verifica que la ansiedad leve aumenta después de realizado el tratamiento de un 18% a un 47%. La ansiedad moderada a severa disminuye de un 16% a un 3%, se observa que ningún niño después de realizado el tratamiento tiene ansiedad severa. Siendo estos resultados estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: En conclusión, la técnica de distracción auditiva visual puede ser un método efectivo para reducir los niveles de ansiedad en los pacientes pediátricos durante un tratamiento dental invasivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction One of the factors that influence the care of pediatric patients is the susceptibility of children to easily develop fears and fears in an unknown situation and especially when it comes to dental practice. Objective of the study is to know the experiences of stomatology students in relation to the control of the behavior of the pediatric patient. Methodology For this, a qualitative analysis was carried out in a transcendental phenomenological approach. Why the interview was conducted to all students who met the selection criteria to obtain the saturation of the information. The method of data collection was approved by Marshall C 1, and the interview following the approach of Seidman I 2 that recommends conducting three separate interviews to participants. Results The information obtained through interviews and videos was analyzed through the Atlas.Ti computer program. Where the lack of confidence of the students at the time of attending pediatric patients is obtained as results. And how this confidence is acquired at the moment of carrying out their pre-professional practices guided by the teacher. Conclusions It is concluded that the student cannot acquire sufficient skills to achieve control of the child's behavior at the time of dental care, despite having the theoretical knowledge. But this can be provided as long as the student becomes aware and puts into practice what they have learned in theory.

RESUMEN Introducción Uno de los factores que influyen en la atención de los pacientes pediátricos, es la susceptibilidad de los niños a desarrollar con facilidad miedos y temores ante una situación desconocida y sobre todo cuando se trata de la práctica odontológica. Objetivo del estudio es conocer las experiencias de los estudiantes de estomatología en relación al control de la conducta del paciente pediátrico. Metodología Para ello fue realizado un análisis cualitativo empleado un enfoque fenomenológico de tipo trascendental. Para lo cual se realizó la entrevista a todos los estudiantes que cumplieron los criterios de selección hasta obtener la saturación de la información. El método de recolección de datos fue la entrevista recomendado por Marshall C 1, y la entrevista siguiendo el enfoque de Seidman I 2 que recomienda realizar tres entrevistas por separado a los participantes. Resultados La información obtenida a través de entrevistas y videos fue analizada a través del programa informático Atlas.Ti. Donde se obtiene como resultados la falta de confianza de los estudiantes al momento de atender pacientes pediátricos. Y como se va adquiriendo esta confianza al momento de realizar sus prácticas pre profesionales orientadas por el docente. Conclusiones Se concluye que el estudiante no adquiere las habilidades suficientes para lograr el control de la conducta del niño al momento de su atención odontológica, a pesar de tener los conocimientos teóricos. Pero ello se va supliendo siempre y cuando el estudiante toma conciencia y pone en práctica lo aprendido en la teoría.

ABSTRACT According to the WHO report of 2018, more than 80% of adolescents do not practice enough physical activity. Physical education classes should help solve this problem. For this, in this study, we intend to analyze the influence of the teacher on confidence, enjoyment, motivation and the intention to be physically active in adolescence. In the present study, 602 students between the ages of 13 and 19 participated. Descriptive statistical analyzes, a reliability analysis and a structural equation model that explains the causal relationships between the variables were performed. The results show how autonomy support positively predicts confidence (β = .56, p <.001), enjoyment (β = .29, p <.001) and motivation (β = .10, p <.05); whereas psychological control predicts negatively confidence (β = -.17, p <.01), enjoyment (β = -.12, p <.001) and motivation (β = -.24, p <.001). Confidence positively predicts motivation (β = .37, p <.01), in the same way, enjoyment predicts motivation (β = .74, p <.001), finally the motivation positively predicts the intention to be physically active (β = .62, p <.001). In short, the study shows the influence and importance of the PE teacher and the motivational and emotional processes present in adolescents during PE classes on the adoption of active life habits.

RESUMO Segundo o relatório da OMS de 2018, mais de 80% dos adolescentes não praticam atividade física suficiente. Aulas de educação física devem ajudar a resolver este problema. Para isso, neste estudo, pretendemos analisar a influência do professor sobre a confiança, a diversão, a motivação e a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo na adolescência. No presente estudo, participaram 602 estudantes com idades entre 13 e 19 anos. Análises estatísticas descritivas, uma análise de confiabilidade e um modelo de equações estruturais que explica as relações causais entre as variáveis foram realizadas. Os resultados mostram como o apoio à autonomia prediz positivamente confiança (β = .56, p <.001), diversão (β = .29, p <.001) e motivação (β = .10, p <.05) ; enquanto o controle psicológico prediz confiança negativa (β = -.17, p <.01), diversão (β = -.12, p <.001) e motivação (β = -.24, p <.001). A confiança prediz positivamente a motivação (β = 0,37, p <0,01), da mesma forma, a diversão prediz a motivação (β = 0,74, p <0,001), enfim, a motivação prediz positivamente a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo (β = 0,62, p <0,001). Em suma, o estudo mostra a influência e importância do professor de EF e dos processos motivacionais e emocionais presentes nos adolescentes durante as aulas de EF sobre a adoção de hábitos de vida ativos.

RESUMEN Según el informe de la OMS del 2018, más del 80% de los adolescentes no practican suficiente actividad física. Las clases de Educación Física deberían de ayudar a solventar este problema. Para ello, en este estudio, se pretende analizar la influencia del docente sobre la confianza, diversión, la motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. En el presente estudio participaron 602 estudiantes entre los 13 y 19 años. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, un análisis de fiabilidad y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica las relaciones causales entre las variables. Los resultados muestran como el apoyo autonomía predice positivamente la confianza (β = .56, p<.001), la diversión (β = .29, p<.001) y la motivación (β = .10, p<.05); mientras que el control psicológico predice negativamente la confianza (β = -.17, p<.01), la diversión (β = -.12, p<.001) y la motivación (β = -.24, p<.001). La confianza predice positivamente la motivación (β = .37, p<.01), de la misma manera, la diversión predice la motivación (β = .74, p<.001), por último, la motivación predice de forma positiva la intención de ser físicamente activo (β = .62, p<.001). En definitiva, el estudio muestra la influencia y la importancia del profesor de EF y de los procesos motivacionales y emocionales presentes en los adolescentes durante las clases de EF sobre la adopción de unos hábitos de vida activos.

Dyslipidemia has been described in sickle cell anemia (SCA) but its association with increased disease severity is unknown. Here, we examined 55 children and adolescents with SCA as well as 41 healthy controls to test the association between the lipid profiles in peripheral blood and markers of hemolysis, inflammation, endothelial function, and SCA-related clinical outcomes. SCA patients exhibited lower levels of total cholesterol (P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (P<0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (P<0.001), while displaying higher triglyceride (TG) levels and TG/HDL-c ratio values (P<0.001). TG/HDL-c values were positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.047), leukocyte count (P=0.006), and blood flow velocity in the right (P=0.02) and left (P=0.05) cerebral artery, while being negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels (P<0.04). Acute chest syndrome (ACS) and vaso-occlusive events (VOE) were more frequent in SCA patients exhibiting higher TG/HDL-c values (odds ratio: 3.77, P=0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed independent associations between elevated TG/HDL-c values and SCA. Thus, children and adolescents with SCA exhibited a lipid profile associated with hemolysis and inflammatory parameters, with increased risk of ACS and VOE. TG/HDL-c is a potential biomarker of severity of disease.

RESUMO: A resistência aos herbicidas é um dos principais fatores responsáveis por falhas no controle de plantas daninhas. Uma vez não controladas e estressadas, plantas daninhas resistentes demandam nova aplicação de herbicidas de diferentes modos de ação, o que resulta em maior custo monetário e impacto ambiental. O conhecimento dos níveis de sensibilidade das plantas daninhas aos herbicidas antes de serem tomadas decisões para seu manejo no campo é primordial para o aumento na eficiência do manejo integrado das plantas daninhas. Dessa forma, métodos que possibilitem a rápida determinação dos níveis de sensibilidade podem auxiliar na correta recomendação antes da aplicação e, desse modo, favorecer uma maior eficiência técnica, econômica e ambiental do manejo das plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar um método rápido para detecção dos níveis de sensibilidade de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) e buva (Conyza sumatrensis) ao saflufenacil. Foram realizados experimentos dose-resposta em câmara de crescimento, casa de vegetação e em campo. O controle proporcionado por diferentes doses do herbicida saflufenacil foi avaliado em cada ambiente, sendo os resultados correlacionados dentro de cada espécie. Os resultados demonstraram correlação positiva significativa para os resultados obtidos em câmara de crescimento e casa de vegetação para picão-preto e buva. Esses resultados indicam que o método desenvolvido em câmara de crescimento pode substituir ensaios em casa de vegetação para determinações dos níveis de sensibilidade de picão-preto e buva ao saflufenacil.

ABSTRACT: Resistance to herbicides is one of the main factors responsible for weed control failures. Once uncontrolled and stressed, resistant weeds demand a new application of herbicides from different modes of action, which results in higher monetary costs and environmental impact. Knowledge of weed sensitivity levels to herbicides before making decisions for their management in the field is paramount to increasing the efficiency of integrated weed management. Thus, methods that allow the rapid determination of sensitivity levels can help to the correct recommendation before the application, and thus, favor the greater technical, economic and environmental efficiency of weed management. The objective of this work was to validate a rapid method to detect the levels of sensitivity of black picker (Bidens pilosa) and horseweed (Conyza sumatrensis) to saflufenacil. Dose-response experiments were performed in growth chamber, greenhouse and field. The control provided by different doses of the saflufenacil herbicide was evaluated in each environment, and the results correlated within each species. The results showed a significant positive correlation for the results obtained in growth chamber and greenhouse for black picker and horseweed. These results indicate that the method developed in the growth chamber can replace greenhouse tests for determination of the sensitivity of black picker and horseweed to saflufenacil.

Ulomoides dermestoides is a beetle traditionally consumed to treat diabetes. In this study, we performed a composition analysis of U. dermestoides to obtain the principal fractions, which were used to assess the effect on glycemia, liver and pancreatic architecture, and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression. Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered fractions of chitin, protein or fat, and the acute hypoglycemic effect was evaluated. A subacute study involving daily administration of these fractions to diabetic mice was also performed over 30 days, after which the liver and pancreas were processed by conventional histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphological changes. The most active fraction, the fat fraction, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and PPARγ and GLUT4 mRNA expressions were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The protein and fat fractions exhibited hypoglycemic effects in the acute as well as in the 30-day study. Only the fat fraction led to elevated insulin levels and reduced glycemia, as well as lower intake of water and food. In the liver, we observed recovery of close hepatic cords in the central lobule vein following treatment with the fat fraction, while in the pancreas there was an increased density and percentage of islets and number of cells per islet, suggesting cellular regeneration. The GC-MS analysis of fat revealed three fatty acids as the major components. Finally, increased expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating an antidiabetic effect.

Abstract: The article offers a general view on disability among the ancient Nahuas, covering different perspectives: religion, medicine and society. It is based on the idea that disability in ancient Mexico was not a phenomenon that was discriminated against, nor that resulted in the exclusion of people, in fact it was quite the opposite. The disabled were treated respectfully and were offered care and social protection. In reality, the very notion of disability is present in one of the founding myths of the Mexica people: that of the creation of the fifth Sun: Nanahuatzin, the future solar star, was a disabled god. This provided the phenomenon with a cosmic importance that influenced society. Moreover, people with certain illnesses and characteristics, that today would be considered ‘deformed,’ were conceived as signals from the Gods.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una visión general sobre la discapacidad entre los antiguos nahuas, que parte de diferentes aristas: la religión, la medicina y la sociedad. La idea central está sustentada en mostrar que la discapacidad en el México antiguo no fue un fenómeno que discriminara y excluyera a la población, sino todo lo contrario. El discapacitado fue visto con respeto, se le ofreció cuidados y protección social. De hecho, la noción misma de discapacidad está presente en uno de los mitos fundacionales del pueblo mexica: el de la creación del quinto Sol. Nanahuatzin, el futuro astro solar, era un dios discapacitado. Esto le da al fenómeno una importancia cósmica que impactó en la sociedad. Asimismo, las personas con ciertas enfermedades y características que podríamos llamar deformes fueron concebidas como señaladas por los dioses.

Abstract: Background: The present study was carried out in order to know, evaluate and classify hip fractures treated by the orthopedic service of a general hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study based on the files of the hip and pelvic surgery module of a general hospital in the period from July 2009 to December 2016. Results: We included a total of 1,545 patients aged between 14 and 107 years; the affected side, the reason for admission, their previous underlying pathologies, the type of fracture, the type of treatment given and the end result were analyzed for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed with the program SPSS version 18. Due to the relevance of the topic, the causes of the registered deaths were examined (n = 58); in relation to the data gathered, χ2 and binary logistic regression were obtained. Conclusions: Hip fractures are still an undervalued subject with great economic and social impact; knowing the most frequent fracture type as well as the population most affected will help to establish effective preventive measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality of this disease in a general hospital.

Resumen: Antecedentes: El presente estudio fue realizado con la finalidad de conocer, evaluar y clasificar las fracturas de cadera tratadas en un servicio ortopédico de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo, con base en los archivos del Módulo de Cirugía de Cadera y Pelvis de un hospital general, en el período comprendido de Julio de 2009 a Diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 1,545 pacientes con edades entre 14 y 107 años; de cada paciente se analizó el lado afectado, la causa de ingreso, sus patologías de base previas, el tipo de fractura, el tipo de tratamiento otorgado y el resultado final. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el programa SPSS versión 18. Debido a la relevancia del tema, se examinaron las causas de las defunciones registradas (n = 58); en relación con los datos registrados, se obtuvo χ2 y regresión logística binaria. Conclusiones: Las fracturas de cadera continúan siendo un tema infravalorado, con grandes repercusiones económicas y sociales; conocer el tipo de fractura más frecuente, así como la población mayormente afectada, ayudará a establecer medidas de prevención eficaces para disminuir la morbimortalidad de esta enfermedad en un hospital general.