ABSTRACT Introduction: Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio choleare. The rapid dissemination and emergence of the multiresistance that characterizes this pathogen could interfere with the success of antimicrobial therapy, so it is a priority to monitor changes in susceptibility patterns, as a transcendental part of the resistance control policy antimicrobial. Objective: To determine the behavior of antimicrobial resistance against the antimicrobials of interest used in the treatment, the presence of enzymatic virulence factors and whether there is a relationship between them. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2012 to December 2015. Where 500 isolates belonging to the cepary of the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", from outbreaks of EDA of the national network of Microbiology laboratories in Cuba. Conventional phenotypic methods were applied to determine the behavior of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of enzymatic factors and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. Results: The highest percentages of sensitivity were obtained against azithromycin (98%), doxycycline (96%) and ciprofloxacin (93%) and resistance to ampicillin (100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (99.4%). 44 isolated (8.8%) multi-resistant were found. All isolates had at least two extracellular enzymes as virulence factors, the most frequent: gelatinase (96%) and lecithinase (95%). Conclusions: There is a direct and proportional relationship between the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, synergism that arises greater pathogenicity of the isolates studied from epidemic outbreaks.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cólera es una infección intestinal aguda causada por cepas toxigénicas de Vibrio choleare. La rápida diseminación y emergencia de la multirresistencia que caracteriza a este patógeno, podría interferir en el éxito de la terapia antimicrobiana, por lo que constituye una prioridad monitorear los cambios en los patrones de susceptibilidad, como parte trascendental de la política de control de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana frente a los antimicrobianos de interés empleados en el tratamiento, la presencia de factores de virulencia enzimáticos y si existe relación entre ambos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante julio de 2012 a diciembre de 2015. Se estudiaron 500 aislamientos pertenecientes al cepario del Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”, procedentes de brotes de enfermedades diarreicas agudas de la red nacional de laboratorios de Microbiología de Cuba. Se aplicaron métodos convencionales fenotípicos para determinar el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana, la presencia de factores enzimáticos y la relación de estos con la resistencia antimicrobiana. Resultados: Los mayores porcentajes de sensibilidad se obtuvieron frente a azitromicina (98 %), doxiciclina (96 %) y ciprofloxacina (93%) y de resistencia frente a ampicilina (100 %) y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (99,4 %). Se encontraron 44 aislados (8,8 %) multirresistente. Todos los aislamientos poseían al menos dos enzimas extracelulares como factores de virulencia, las más frecuentes: gelatinasa (96 %) y lecitinasa (95 %). Conclusiones: Se evidencia una relación directa y proporcional entre la presencia de los factores de virulencia y resistencia antimicrobiana, sinergismo que surgiere mayor patogenicidad de los aislados estudiados procedentes de brotes epidémicos.

A histopatologia nasal de portadores do HTLV-1 com rinite crônica é desconhecida. OBJETIVO: Descrever aspectos histopatológicos de portadores do HTLV-1 com rinite crônica. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Amostras de mucosa nasal de 10 portadores do HTLV-1 com rinite crônica, sendo oito com rinite alérgica e dois com rinite não alérgica, foram estudadas por microscopia de luz. Amostras de 10 pacientes com rinite alérgica não infectados pelo HTLV-1 serviram como controle. RESULTADOS: Fibrose subepitelial foi maior nos pacientes com rinite alérgica infectados pelo HTLV-1 (p=0,01), enquanto o espessamento da membrana basal foi maior nos controles (p=0,03). Houve tendência a menor eosinofilia e edema entre os infectados pelo HTLV-1, sem significância estatística (p=0,2). Para o infiltrado linfocítico, não houve diferença entre os pacientes com rinite alérgica infectados e não infectados (p=1,0). Fibrose subepitelial com infiltrado linfocítico de intensidade leve a moderada foram os achados encontrados nos dois portadores do HTLV-1 com rinite não alérgica. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo sugere que a infecção pelo HTLV-1 pode modificar a histopatologia da rinite alérgica, sobretudo por maior fibrose, e pode estar relacionada a uma rinite crônica não alérgica com infiltrado linfocítico.

The nasal histopathology of HTLV-1 carriers with chronic rhinitis is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological features of HTLV-1 carriers with chronic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies of nasal mucosa of ten HTLV-1 carriers with chronic rhinitis (eight patients with allergic rhinitis and two patients with non-allergic rhinitis) were studied using a light microscope. Samples from ten patients with allergic rhinitis not infected with HTLV-1 were used as controls. RESULTS: Subepithelial fibrosis was more pronounced in patients with allergic rhinitis infected with HTLV-1 (p=0.01), while the basement membrane thickness was greater in controls (p=0.03). There was a trend towards less eosinophilia and edema among those infected with HTLV-1, without statistical significance (p=0.2). For the lymphocytic infiltrate, there was no difference between infected and not infected patients with allergic rhinitis (p=1.0). Subepithelial fibrosis associated to moderate or small number of lymphocytes were found in the two HTLV-1 carriers with non-allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests HTLV-1 may modify the histopathology of allergic rhinitis, especially by promoting subepithelial fibrosis, and may be related to chronic non-allergic rhinitis with lymphocytic infiltrate.

The National Laboratory of Reference of Pathogenic Neisserias of «Pedro Kourí» Tropical Medicine Institute studied 58 strains which had been previously identified as Neisseria meningiditis and isolated from nasopharyngeal carriers from 1985-1998. They were applied the knapp detection scheme plus the glutamiltransferase production test. The latter and the polyscharide production based on 5 % sacarose allowed to make a differential diagnosis between N. meningitidis and Neisseria polyccharea. It was possible to identify a N. polysaccharia strain, a species that is reported for the first time in Cuba.

En el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Neisserias Patógenas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" se estudiaron 58 cepas identificadas previamente como Neisseria meningitidis, aisladas de portadores nasofaríngeos, en el período 1985-1988. A éstas se les aplicó el esquema de identificación de Knapp, añadiéndole la prueba de la producción de gamma -glutamiltransferasa, esta última y la producción de polisacárido a partir de 5 % de sacarosa permitieron realizar el diagnóstico diferencial entre N. meningitidis y Neisseria polysaccharea. Se logró identificar una cepa de N. polysaccharea, lo que constituye el primer reporte de esta especie en Cuba.

O trabalho mostra o estudo anatomopatológico de 7 casos de Toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central, com diagnósticos feitos exclusivamente em autópsias. O trabalho chama atenção para a dificuldade de diagnóstico clínico desta entidade e mostra dois casos de apresentação mais rara com manifestações clínicas e anatomopatológicas que simulam abscessos cerebrais. O comprometimento do plexo coróide, freqüente neste material, fortalece a idéia de que esta estrutura desempenha papel importante na disseminação da doença no sistema nervoso central.

This paper reports the pathological findings in seven cases of toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system. At post mortem examination a pattern of necrotizing multifocal meningoencephalitis was seen. There is a great concern about the difficulty in the clinical diagnosis of the disease when it involves the central nervous system, particularly in relation to bizarre presentations. Two of our cases had a clinical and pathological pattern resembling cerebral abscesses. The high frequency of the involvement of the choroid plexus suggests an important role for this structure in the dissemination of the infection in the central nervous system.